被动语态学案

1.不知道或不必指出动作的执行者时。

1）Computers are widely used in transport.

2）The house has been broken into.

2.强调动作的承受者时。如：

A third ring will be built around this city.

3. 出于策略、婉转、礼貌等不提动作的执行者时。

Eg. Much has been said but little has been done about the issue.

4.有些措词故意避免用主语，或用“有人”、“大家”之类，经常用it作形式主语构成被动语态结构。如：

It is said that another steel plant will be set up in this city.

特别记住下列句型：

It is hoped that … 希望……

It must be pointed out that … 必须指出…

It is supposed that … 据推测说……

It will be seen that … 由此可以看出……

It is known that … 据说……

It is well known that …众所周知……

It is beli eved that … 有人相信……

It is thought that … 人们认为……

注意二：

“be + 过去分词” 并非都是被动语态，系动词be, feel, seem, look 等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。例如：1. I’m interested in mathematics.

2. He seems unsatisfied with his work.

3. Tom was surprised at the news.

注意三：

某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义

lock, open, shut, move, read, sell, wash, write等动词,用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时,用主动形式表达被动意义,且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。如: 1. The door doesn’t open easily.

2. Bikes of that kind hardly sell.

注意四：

1. need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth后面,常跟动词-ing形式,用主动形式表达被动意义。如:

This dictionary is well worth buying.

2. easy, difficult, hard, heavy等形容词后面跟动词不定式,用主动形式表被动意义,并且该不定式与句子的主语须具备逻辑上的动宾关系。如:

What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.

3.不定式作定语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接宾语或说话人时,用动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如:

She has an old grandfather to look after.

4.“主语＋系动词＋to do”结构也是主动形式表被动意义, 主要用于“sth. ＋be to let / rent”或“sb. ＋be ＋to blame”结构中。如: It’s not my fault. She is to blame.

注意五：

一般情况下，及物动词才能构成被动语态，但有些不及物动词组成短语后，也可构成被动语态。

1. He was looked down upon because of his egoism.

2. The children were taken good care of in the orphanage.