三观一统2020年高考英语十年真题精解 专题02 非谓语动词(必考点)(解析版)
三观一统十年高考真题精解
02 非谓语动词
十年树木，百年树人，十年磨一剑。本专辑按照最新2020年考纲，对近十年高考真题精挑细选，去伪存真，挑选符合最新考纲要求的真题，按照考点/考向同类归纳，难度分层精析，对全国卷Ⅰ具有重要的应试性和导向性。
三观指的观三题（观母题、观平行题、观扇形题），一统指的是统一考点/考向，并对十年真题进行标灰（调整不考或低频考点标灰色）。
（一）2020考纲
（二）本节考向题型研究汇总
考向题型研究一：语法填空（考点1-非谓语动词作状语）
1.（2019全国I卷）Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ______ (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】to perform
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方
法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
2. (2019·北京卷)Nervously _____ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
1. 【2018·全国II】Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ______ (improve) water quality.
【答案】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
2. [2017·浙江卷6月考]
Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61.________ (cook) a meal.
【答案】61. to cook
【解析】考查不定式。此处不定式表示目的。语境为“取下戒指来做饭”，故填to cook。
3.（2019全国III卷）On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，_____ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】listening
【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
1.【2018·全国I】You don't have to run fast or for long___62___(see)the benefit.
【答案】to see
【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。
2.【2016·全国新课标III】The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their
food in large pots, ________ (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it.
【答案】using
【解析】考查现在分词作伴随状语。人们可能使用大锅煮食物，用树枝把锅移开，use的逻辑主语是people，两者是主动关系，用现在分词表示伴随状况，故填using。
3.【2016·全国新课标III】Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create) special designs.【答案】to create
【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来，以创造出特殊风格的筷子。这里用不定式表目的，故填to create。
4.【2016·全国新课标III】In order to support his family, Mr Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees __23__ (sell) the wood.
【答案】to sell
【解析】考查非谓语动词。砍树的目的是卖木头。不定式作目的状语。
5.【2016·上海】If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.
【答案】to get 考查形容词短语。
【解析】形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的压力超过150，你就非常有可能生病了。
6（2016·全国新课标II）If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home.
【答案】to bring
【解析】考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；你就不太可能把工作带回家去做，因为你找到了你喜欢做的事情。
7.（2012·广东卷）Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _____ (wear) sun glasses.
【答案】wearing
【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。作伴随状语，描述谓语动词appear的状态，表主动，用现在分词。句意为：一天他突然出现在课堂上，戴着太阳镜。
8.（2013·广东卷）“In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little ,always _______(think) that it was only small and not very important ,and look where we have ended up today.”
【答案】thinking
【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法，根据句意：但是每一个人都要加一点点，总是想着只是多得了一点点，不重要的话，（看一看今天我们的社会成了什么样子）。可知这里要用现在分词作伴随状语。
非谓语动词作状语是高考中的高频考点
1.动词不定式作状语
①To catch the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
为了赶上早班航班，我们提前预订了出租车，并且起得很早。
②We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left.
我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。
③[2016·北京]To make it easier to get in touch with us，you'd better keep this card at hand.
为了与我们联系更方便一些，你最好把这张卡片随身带着。
④You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.
你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我是多么高兴。
⑤The chair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on.
这把椅子看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。
考点总结
1．动词不定式可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。
2．only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。
3．形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有happy，lucky，glad，sorry，anxious，proud，disappointed，angry，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased，fortunate，right等。
4．在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，safe，dangerous等。
2．分词作状语
①I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working with students.
航海的乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课的乐趣一样多。
②Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.
这些书是一个星期以前订购的，现在随时都可能到货。
考点总结
1．作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
2．如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。
3．若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。
4．若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。
5．如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。
考向题型研究一：语法填空（考点2-非谓语动词作宾语）
1.（2019全国I卷）Scientists have responded by _____ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
【答案】noting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
2.（2019浙江高考）But some students didn't want ______ (wear) the uniform.
【答案】to wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这是want 的固定用法。故填to wear。
1.（2019全国II卷）A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ______ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.
【答案】being
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
2.【2018·全国I】You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running.
【答案】故填dying
【解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
3.【2018·全国III】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.
【答案】looking
【解析】考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
4.【2018·浙江】I still remember ___59___ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when
I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.，故填visiting。
5. [2017·全国卷Ⅰ]by 68.________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
【答案】68. eating
【解析】考查动名词。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。
1. [2017·全国卷Ⅱ]This included digging up the road, 63.________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
【答案】63. laying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处用lay的动名词形式laying与前面的digging形成并列。该词填空难度较大，若考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊词形变化会导致错误。
2. [2017·全国卷Ⅲ]She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61.________ (rest).
【答案】61. resting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。spend…(in) doing sth是固定句式，意为“花……做某事”。
3. [2017·全国卷Ⅲ]But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65.________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
【答案】65. to prove
【解析】考查动词不定式。want to do sth为固定搭配，故用动词不定式
4. 【2016·全国新课标I】My ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
【答案】introducing
【解析】考查动名词。介词后面应该用动名词形式。
5. [2015·全国卷Ⅱ] In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to
“air condition” a house without 64.________(use)electric equipment.
【答案】using
【解析】结合空格前面的介词without，后面应该使用v.-ing的形式。
6. [2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ]One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about__61__(be) late for school. 【答案】being
【解析】介词about后使用v.-ing形式，因此用being。
7. [2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ]I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused __66__(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept __67__(ride).
【答案】to stop
【解析】refuse to do sth拒绝做某事。不定式作动词refuse的宾语。
【答案】riding
【解析】keep doing sth不停地做某事。
考点二非谓语动词作宾语
①She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
当我经过时，她假装没看见我。
②[2016·全国Ⅰ]My ambassadorial duties will include introducing British visitors to the 120－plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
我作为大使的任务包括向来自英国的游客介绍成都的120只大熊猫还有其他来自碧峰研究中心的大熊猫。
③[2017·湖北合肥一模]What a poor memory！I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him.
多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。
考点总结
1．下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage，care，pretend; offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help。
此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
2．下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider ，suggest/advise ，look forward to ，excuse/pardon; admit ，delay/put off ，fancy(想象，设想)；avoid ，miss ，keep/keep on ，practice; deny ，finish ，enjoy/appreciate; forbid ，imagine ，risk; can't help(禁不住)，mind ，allow/permit ，escape 。
3．be used/accustomed to ，lead to ，devote to ，go back to ，stick to ，object to ，get down to ，pay attention to ，can't stand(无法忍受)，give up ，feel like ，insist on ，thank...for ，apologize for ，be busy (in)，have difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)，spend time (in)等短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语。
4．下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：
forget ?
???? to do sth.忘记要做某事doing sth.忘记已经做过某事 regret ?
???? to do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾未做doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔已做 try ?
???? to do sth.尽力去做某事doing sth.试着做某事 go on ????? to do sth.继续做另一件事doing sth.继续做原来做的事
remember ?
???? to do sth.记着去做某事未做doing sth.记着做了某事已做 mean ?????
to do sth.打算做某事doing sth.意味着做某事
考向题型研究一： 语法填空（考点3-非谓语动词作宾补/主补）
（2018·全国III ）Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.
【答案】to stay
【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb to do 允许某人做某事，此处是不定式作宾补。应该用to stay 。
[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required ________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
【答案】to process
【解析】考查不定式。需要它们来加工我们所吃的食物。 require 表示“要求”， require to do sth 表示“要求做某事”，被动形式为be required to do sth ，表示“被要求做某事”。其原形是require sb to do sth ，此处是不定式作宾补，变成被动语态后，就是主补。故填to process 。
1. [2015·陕西]Back from his two －year medical service in Africa ，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother
_________（take ）good care of at home.
【答案】taken
【解析】考查过去分词短语作宾补。此处是see sb done 的结构，see his mother _________（take ）good care of at home 看到家里的母亲被很好的照顾。句意：在非洲提供了两年的医疗服务，李医生回来后十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。
2. [2016·全国Ⅰ]One more look and he noticed flames ________（shoot ）out from under the disabled vehicle.
【答案】shooting
【解析】句意：又看了一眼，他发现报废汽车下面有火喷出。。根据句意可知此处是现在分词作宾补，notice sth doing sth ，现在分词作宾补，故填is loved 。
考点三 非谓语动词作宾补
①He had the light burning all night ，which made his parents very angry.
他让灯着了一整晚，这使他父母很生气。
②Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.
亚历山大试图使他的工作在医学界被认可。
考点总结
1．感官动词(词组)see ，watch ，observe ，look at ，notice ，hear ，listen to ，feel 的宾语补足语有三种形式，以see 为例：
see ＋宾语＋do sth/ doing sth/done)
2．使役动词make ，let ，have ，get 后加复合宾语的情况：
(1)make ＋宾语＋????? do 让……做……宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系done 让……被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系
(2)let ＋宾语＋????? do 让……做……宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系done 让……被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系
(3)have ＋宾语 ＋??????
? ?????do sth.使……做某事doing sth.使……持续 做某事宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系
done 使……被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系
(4)get ＋宾语＋??????? ?????to do 使……做……doing 使……开始 做……宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系
done 使……被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系
[名师点津] have 还可用于have sth.to do/to be done 结构，该结构中have 作“有”讲，不定式作定语。 I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.
这个学期结束前，我有很多阅读要完成。
考向题型研究一： 语法填空（考点4-非谓语动词作定语）
1.（2019全国II 卷）When we got a call ______ (say)she was short -listed ，we thought it was a joke.
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying 作后置定语，解释名词call 的内容，call 与say 是主动关系，故填saying 。
2.[2015·全国卷Ⅰ]Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 70.________(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
【答案】living
【解析】考查现在分词作定语。这里指住在上海和香港的人们。现在分词作后置定语表示主动关系。
高考英语3500词十年真题版(2007—2016)：高考单词J
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2009-2018十年全国卷分类汇编之完型填空【2018·全国I】 During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a "free"course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.I___41___the idea of taking the class because ，after all ,who doesn't want to___42___a few dollars?More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess. And,even if I weren’t___43___enough about free credits,news about our___44___was appealing enough to me. He was an international grand master, which___45___I would be learning from one of the game's___46___.I could hardly wait to___47___him. Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this___48___was no game for him: he meant business. In his introduction, he made it___49 ___that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to___50___the class ,among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to___51___what we would learn in class to our future professions and,___52___,to our lives. I managed to get an A in that___53___and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the___54___. Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he _55_ me:“The absolute most important _56 _ that you learn when you play chess is how to make good _57_.On every single move you have to _58_ a situation ,process what your opponent(对手）is doing and _59_ the best move from among all your options.”These words still ring true today in my _ 60_ as a journalist . 41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down 42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay 43. A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired 44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor 45. A. urged B. demanded C. held D. meant 46. A. fastest B. easiest C. best D. rarest 47. A. interview B. meet C. challenge D. beat 48. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job 49. A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible 50. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe 51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare 52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally 53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment 54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation 55. A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised 56. A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill 57. A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments 58. A. analyze B. describe C. rebuild D. control 59. A. announceB. signal C. block D. evaluate 60. A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior
高考英语语法：谓语动词
基础课程教学资料祝福您及家人身体健康、万事如意、阖家欢乐！祝福同学们快乐成长，能够取得好成绩，为祖国奉献力量 高考英语语法：谓语动词 总述: 谓语动词的变化形式取决于时态和语态:英语的时态有十六种, 中学英语中有十二种常见的时态; 语态有两种, 即主动语态和被动语态祝福您及家人身体健康、万事如意、阖家欢乐！祝福同学们快乐成长，能够取得好成绩，为祖国奉献力量祝福您及家人身体健康、万事如意、阖家欢乐！祝福同学们快乐成长，能够取得好成绩，为祖国奉献力量 1.在主动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下: 一般进行完成完成进行 现在do / doesam / is / are doinghave / has donehave / has been doing祝福您及家人身体健康、万事如意、阖家欢乐！祝福同学们快乐成长，能够取得好成绩，为祖国奉献力量祝福您及家人身体健康、万事如意、阖家欢乐！祝福同学们快乐成长，能够取得好成绩，为祖国奉献力量 过去didwas / were doinghad donehad been doing 将来shall / will doshall / will be doingshall / will have doneX 祝福您及家人身体健康、万事如意、阖家欢乐！祝福同学们快乐成长，能够取得好成绩，为祖国奉献力量祝福您及家人身体健康、万事如意、阖家欢乐！祝福同学们快乐成长，能够取得好成绩，为祖国奉献力量 如果谓语是be动词, 则可用be动词的适当形式( be / am /is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑体字部分. 此外, 过去将来时的形式是: should / would do或should / would be 2.在被动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下: 一般进行完成完成进行 现在am / is / are doneam / is / are being donehave / has been doneX 过去was / were donewas / were being donehad been doneX 将来shall / will be doneXshall / will have been doneX 另外, 过去将来时的被动语态形式是should / would be done 主动语态 在主动语态中, 高中英语中常见的有十二个时态 一.一般现在时: 1.构成: 通常以动词原形表示. 主语为第三人称单数时, 则用动词的第三人称单数形式来表示 2.用法: ①.表示现状, 性质, 状态, 经常的或习惯性的动作 a. It is fine today. b. I am a student. c. I get up at six every day. d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his offic e. ②.表示客观事实或普遍真理 a. Japan is to the east of China. b. The sun rises in the east. c. A horse is a useful animal. ③.表示将来确定会发生的动作(如己安排好或计划好的动作或按时刻表将来一定会发生的动作), 可以这样使用的动词有: go, come, leave, start, arrive等 a. My train leaves at 6:30. b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow. ④.在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时动词代替一般将来时动词 a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.