周永鹏 概要写作 教学设计

概要写作教学设计

台州一中周永鹏

Learning Goals:

1. Learn about the main features of an exposition

2. Learn how to find the main points in each paragraph

3. Learn to use various ways to express the main points

4. Learn to use transition to make the summary coherent

5. Learn to use checklist to make comment on a summary

6. Learn about the importance of safe driving

Teaching Procedure:

Step 1 Lead-in

T: First, I want to show you some pictures. What do you think of these traffic accidents?

S: Traffic accidents are dangerous.

T: Yes, they are not only dangerous but also very common. According to a survey, most causes of traffic accidents are related with drivers. Can you list some reasons?

S: Speeding; Tired driving; Drunk driving; Careless driving; Using cell phones while driving

Step2 Determine the text type and main aspect of each paragraph

T: Today we will focus on a passage on a social phenomenon, which is using cell phones while driving. Do you think what aspects will be mentioned in the passage?

S: cause; effect; solution; opinion and so on.

Cause: Not mentioned

Negative effect: Para2

Solution: Para3/4

Opinion: Para1/5

T: What is the style of the passage?

S: A. Narration(记叙) B. Exposition(说明) C. Argumentation(议论)

Step3 Display the basic requirement of a summary

A Summary Writing on Using cell phones while driving should be:

1. Complete (完整)

It includes all the main & supporting points using your own words.

2. Concise (简洁)

It omits unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information; (40 ~ 80 words)

3. Coherent (连贯)

It is a paragraph with necessary transitions to make it flow.

4. Correct (正确)

It should be written in a grammatically correct way

5. Objective (客观)

It doesn't contain your own ideas or emotions on the topic.

Step4 Find the main points and make the outline

[Para 1&5: author's opinion]

Para1 Cell phones are used everywhere, but on the road they are a dangerous distraction to drivers and should be forbidden.

Para5 Cell phones can be a very important link in emergencies, but drivers need to use them wisely. As professional racer John Andretti says, “Driving safely is your first responsibility.” The best road to safety is to just hang up and drive.

[Para 2: negative effect]

Para2 The New England Journal of Medicine reported that “drivers using a cell phone were four times more likely to have an accident than those not using a phone.” The major problem is that the driver is not focused on the road, but on his or her conversation. Cell phone drivers are very unpredictable: they drive too fast or too slow, make improper turns, run red lights, and even stop at green ones. It’s not only annoying; it’s dangerous. Accidents related to cell phones include rear-ending other vehicles, running off a road and crashing into trees, fences, and buildings, and even turning over.

[Para 3&4: solution]

Para3 In October at the California Traffic Safety Summit, experts showed that “cell phones used by drivers lead to at least 1,000 deaths per year in California.”These are the same problems that occur with drunk driving, which is against the law and strictly enforced(强制执行). For the same reasons, California needs law that restrict the use of cell phones in cars.

Para4 Until we take action to pass new laws, drivers at least need to be more responsible when using cell phones. The American Automobile Association recommends that drivers pull off the road before using a cell phone, have a passenger use it for them, or use voice mail to answer calls. Another suggestion is to keep the phone off while moving or simply not to use it in the car. Before using a cell phone, drivers should ask themselves, “Is this call really that important?”

{Outline}:

Point1：Cell phones used on the road are a dangerous distraction to drivers and should be forbidden.

Point2：Drivers using a cell phone were more likely to have an accident than those not using a phone.

Point3：Government needs law that restrict the use of cell phones in cars.

Point4：Until we take action to pass new laws, drivers at least need to be more responsible when using cell phones. Point5：Cell phones can be a very important link in emergencies, but drivers need to use them wisely. The best road to safety is to just hang up and drive.

Step5 Practice different ways to express the same message

Point1：Cell phones used on the road are a dangerous distraction to drivers and should be forbidden.

(同义转换) a dangerous distraction to:

1. distract the drivers' attention

2. cause/contribute to/bring about harmful distraction to

3. drivers tend to be distracted

(同义转换) using cell phones while driving should be forbidden:

1. phones shouldn't be allowed on the road

2. put a ban on using phones on the road

3. should be prevented from using phones

(同义转换) Cell phones used on the road are a dangerous distraction to drivers and should be forbidden.

1. Using cell phones while driving can distract the drivers' attention and should be banned.

2. Cell phones shouldn't be allowed on the road because they cause harmful distraction to drivers.

3. Drivers should be prevented from using cellphones while driving because they tend to be distracted.

Step6 Have a try to write a summary

Step7 Learn to use transition to make the summary coherent

Using cell phones while driving can distract the drivers' attention and should be banned. Drivers have a higher rate of accidents due to a lack of concentration on the road. 1__________________, we need law to limit the cell phones use. 2_____________, they should use cell phones in a more responsible way. 3____________, cell phones are important and should be used wisely. We had better not use them while driving. (75 words)

Transition：

1.后果与措施之间：

1) therefore; so（连词）

2) to solve the problem; to handle this case; to deal with it

to reduce accidents/death; because the accidents happen frequently; because of the large number of accidents; because of the bad effect（问题出发）

3) to make driving safe; to ensure driving safety（安全目的）

2.措施与措施之间:1. as for drivers; 2. before laws are carried out/come out/passed/introduced/put into effect

3.正文与结尾之间: in conclusion; all in all; to sum up; in a word

Step 8 Learn to use checklist to make comment on a summary

4C+1O:

Factors Checking point

concise 1. 40~80 words; 2. No details

complete 3. Cover the main points 4. Use your own words

coherent 5. Use transition

correct 6. No grammatical mistakes

objective 7. No personal opinion

典型错误分析

Cell phones are a dangerous distraction to drivers and should be forbidden. The rate of the accidents increases because the drivers pay little attention on the road while use phones. It leads to various accidents include running off a road and crashing into trees, fences, and buildings. California will use law to limit the use of phones in cars because it causes more than 1, 000 deaths per year. Drivers should take the responsible to use phones safely and wisely. After all, we only have one life at all. (89words)