英语语法祈使句

英语语法——祈使句

①知识点：

一、祈使句：用来表示下达命令、提出要求、建议和劝告的句子。说话的对象通常是第二人称you ,习惯上常省略。祈使句的肯定句谓语动词用原形，否定句一般用don’t, never开始。

1．肯定祈使句

句型1 ：动词let + 第一、三人称宾格代词+ V.

例句：Let’s go to school. 让我们去上学吧。

Let me try. 让我试一试。

Let him come upstairs. 让他上楼吧。

句型2：动词+ 其他部分

例句：Please open the door . 请开门。

Turn to page two. 请将书翻到第二页。

Listen to me. 请听我讲。

Stop talking. 别说话。

二、否定祈使句（一般在句首加Don’t.）

1．Climb the tree ,please. 请爬树。（肯定句）Don’t climb the tree! 不要爬树。（否定句）2．Open the door. 打开门。（肯定句）Don’t open the door. 不要开门。（否定句）三、陈述句变祈使句

1．You can’t make faces in class. 你不能在课堂上做鬼脸。

Don’t make faces in class. 不要在课堂上做鬼脸。

2．You can’t read in bed. 你不要在床上看书。

Don’t read in bed. 不要在床上看书。

祈使句的用法及练习

（一）Be型 (be+adj)

Be careful! Be dangerous! Be quiet!

（二）Do型 (Do代表动词原形)

Open the door! Close the window! Go and play football! （三）Let's或Let us型

Let's go home! Let us help Mary! Let me clean the room! （四）No+动名词，多用在标语禁令中

No smoking! No parking! No spitting!

No+动名词可以与Don't+动词原形替换。 No smoking!=Don't smoke!

三、否定形式

Be型和Do型前直接加Don't，

Let's型可前面直接加Don't或let's后加not。

Don't be careful! Don't open the door! Don't let's go home!/Let's not go home! 四、反意疑问句

祈使句的反意疑问句一般用will you? Let's---用shall we? Let us---

用will you? Open the door,will you? Let's go home,shall we? Let us help Mary,will you?

②练习：

（一）用括号内所给词的适当形式填空

1． It's an important meeting.______ (not be) late.

2．_____ (look) out!A car is coming!

3．________ (not make) any noise! The baby is sleeping.

4．Let's _______(not say) anything about it.

5．________ (not let) the baby cry.

6．_____ (read) aloud,please.

7．_________ (not talk) with your classmate in the class.

（二）选择题

1．Her doctor said:"____ work so hard" A. stop B. Don't C. can't D. No 2．Sindy,____ to be here at 8 o'clock. A. is sure B. is sure that C. will be sure D. be sure 3．_____ him the secret,will you? A. Don't tell B. Not to tell C. Not telling D. No telling 4．Please _____ look outside,look at the blackboard. A. not B. don't C. aren't D. can't 5．John,read the text for us,_____ ? A. does he B. will he C. do you D. will you 6．Let's do it at once,_____ ? A. shall we B. will you C. do we D. do you

7．Let us do it at once,____ ? A. shall we B. will you C. do we D. do you 8．_____ in bed, It's bad for your eyes. A. Not to read B. Don't read C. Don't to read D. Not read

9．____ smoking! A Don't B. No C. Don't to D. Be not