英语语言学概论期末考试样卷doc

台州学院____学年第____学期

_____级英语专业《英语语言学概论》期末试卷A卷（闭卷）

I．Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). (10 points, 1 point each)

1.Articulatory Phonetics studies the physical properties of speech sounds.

2.Adjectives belong to open class words.

3.John Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative.

4.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of

meaning the context of use is considered.

5.English is a typical intonation language.

6.Phones in complementary distribution should be assigned to the same phoneme.

7.Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent.

8.There are words of more or less the same meaning used in different regional

dialects.

9.Transformations are the rules which can change the meaning of sentence.

10.Sense and reference are two different notions of semantics, and they are related to

each other.

II. Fill in the following blanks. (10 points, 1 point each)

1.The word “and” is a c____________ conjunction.

2.Linguistic c__________ is a native speaker’s linguistic knowledge of his language.

3.The relationship between the sound and the meaning of a word is a________.

4. A m________ is the smallest linguistic unit that carries meaning.

5. A sentence is formed by phonological rules, m______ rules, syntactic rules and

semantic rules.

6.The most recognizable difference between American English and British English are

in p________ and vocabulary.

7.Speech v________refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or

a group of speakers.

8.P ____ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.

9.Linguistics is generally defined as the s ____ study of language.

10.As a type of linguistic system in L2 learning, i_______ is a product of L2 training,

mother tongue interference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner..

III. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (20 points, 1 point each) 1. Which of the following branch of linguistics takes the inner structure of word as its main object of study?

A. Phonetics.

B. Semantics.

C. Morphology.

D. Sociolinguistics.

2. ________refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.

A. Dialect

B. Idiolect

C. Pidgin

D. Register

3. Which of the following is a voiceless bilabial stop?

A.[w].

B. [m].

C. [b].

D. [p].

4. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called ________.

A. hyponymy

B. synonymy

C. polysemy

D. homonymy

5. Which of the following words is NOT formed by blending?

A. Smog.

B. Botel.

C. Brunch.

D. Edit.

6. What phonetic feature distinguishes the [p] in please and the [p] in speak?

A.V oicing

B. Aspiration

C. Roundness

D. Nasality

7. The word boyguard is a ______.

A. compound word

B. complex word

C. derivational word

D. free morpheme

8. All words contain a _________.

A. root

B. bound morpheme

C. prefix

D. suffix

9. Of the following sound combinations, only ______ is permissible.

A. kibl

B. hkil

C. ilkb

D. ilbk

10. Where is the primary stress of the word phonology?

A. pho.

B. no.

C. lo.

D. gy.

11. Conventionally a ________ is put in slashes.

A. allophone

B. phone

C. phoneme

D. morpheme

12. The plural affix in the word tables is a(n) _______.

A. inflectional suffix

B. derivational suffix

C. free morpheme

D. root

13. Language is tool of communication. The symbol “highway closed”serves___.

A. an expressive function

B. an informative function

C. a performative function

D. a persuasive function

14. Which of the following groups of words is a minimal pair?

A. but/pub

B. wet/which

C. cool/curl

D. fail/find

15. Whorf believed that speakers of different languages perceive and experienced the world differently, that is relative to their linguistic background, hence the notion of ______________.

A. linguistic determination

B. linguistic relativism

C. linguistic nativism

D. linguistic behaviorism

16. What are the dual structures of language?

A. Sounds and letters.

B. Sounds and meaning.

C. Letters and meaning.

D. Sounds and symbols.

17. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _______.

A. lexical

B. morphemic

C. grammatical

D. semantic

18. According to Krashen ______ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communication.

A. learning

B. competence

C. performance

D. acquisition

19. Which of the following is one of the core branches of linguistics?

A. Phonology.

B. Psycho-linguistics.

C. Sociolinguistics.

D. Anthropology.

20. The relationship be tween “flower” and “tulip” is _________.

A. homonymy

B. hyponymy

C. polysemy

D. synonymy

IV. Translate the following linguistic terms: (10 points, 1 point each)

A. From English to Chinese

B. From Chinese to English

1. acoustic phonetics 6. 应用语言学

2. closed class words 7. 格语法

3. componential analysis 8. 积极迁移

4. distinctive features 9. 历史语言学

5. Critical Period Hypothesis 10. 声调语言

V. Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence by applying TG Grammar. (10 points)

The man saw a horse.

VI. Answer the following questions briefly. (20 points)

1. Define phoneme. (4 points)

2. Explain complementary distribution with an example.(5 points)

3. What are the four criteria for classifying English vowels. (4 points)

4. Analyze the following conversation by applying the Cooperative Principles.(7

points)

A: Teheran is in Turkey, isn’t it, teacher?

B: And London is in France, I suppose.

VII. Do the following analysis. (20 points)

1. Write the one proper description from the list under B for the underlined part of each word in A. (5 points, 1 point each)

A B

(1) terroriz ed a. free root

(2) un civil ized b. bound root

(3) terror ize c. inflectional suffix

(4) luke warm d. derivational suffix

(5) im possible e. inflectional prefix

f. derivational prefix

2. Consider the following sentences in Swahili, and anwer the questions:(15 points) mtu amelala The man has slept.

mtu analala The man is sleeping.

mtu atalala The man will sleep.

watu wamelala The men have slept.

watu wanalala The men are sleeping.

watu watalala The men will sleep.

visu vinaanguka The knives are falling.

kikapu kimeanguka The basket has fallen.

watoto watafika The children will arrive.

1)toto in Swahili means ______ in English.

2)The meaning of the morpheme wa- in Swahili is _______.

3)______ in Swahili means “sleep” in English.

4)Translate mtoto anaanguka into English.

5)Translate vikapu vimefika into English.

台州学院______学年第_____学期

_____级___专业《英语语言学概论》期末试卷A卷（闭卷）

答题卷

姓名__________ 班级___________ 学号_____________

I．Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). (10 points, 1 point each)

II. Fill in the following blanks. (10 points, 1 point each)

1._________

2.__________

3. __________

4._________

5._________

6._________

7.___________

8.___________

9._________10._________

III. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (20 points, 1 point each)

IV. Translate the following linguistic terms: (10 points, 1 point each)

1._________________ 6.________________

2._________________ 7._________________

3. ________________ 8._________________

4._________________ 9._________________

5.__________________ 10.________________

V. Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence by applying TG grammar. (10 points)

The man saw a horse.

VI. Answer the following questions. (20 points)

1._____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2._____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________3. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

4._____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ VII. Do the following analysis. (20 points)

1. (1) ________ (2) _________ (3) ________ (4) _______ (5) ________

2. (1) _______________

(2) _______________

(3) _______________

(4) _______________

(5) _______________

台州学院_____学年第___学期

___级____专业《英语语言学概论》期末试卷A卷（闭卷）

参考答案及评分说明

I．Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). (10 points, 1 point each)

II. Fill in the following blanks. (10 points, 1 point each)

1. coordinate

2. competence

3. arbitrary

4. morpheme

5. morphological

6. pronunciation

7. variety

8. performance

9. scientific 10. interlanguage III. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (20 points, 1 point each)

IV. Translate the following linguistic terms: (10 points, 1 point each)

1. 声学语音学 6. applied linguistics

2. 封闭词类7. case grammar

3. 成分分析8. positive transfer

4. 区别性特征9. historical linguistics

5. 临界期假说10. tone language

V. Draw a tree diagram for the sentence by applying TG Grammar. (10 points)

NP Infl VP

Det N pst V NP

Det N

the man saw a horse

VI. Answer the following questions. (20 points)

1. A contrastive phonological segment whose phonetic realizations are predictable by rules. (4 points)(or: A phoneme is a phonological unit; it is a unit that is of distinctive value.)

2. The situation in which phones never occur in the same phonetic environment.（4 points）e.g. [p] and [p h] never occur in the same position. （1 point）

3. the position of the tongue in the mouth(1 point), the openness of the mouth(1 point), the shape of the lips(1 point), and the length of the vowels. (1 point)

4. According to the Cooperative Principle, the participants of the conversation should obey the four maxims of the principle: the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation, the maxim of manner. (2 points) In this conversation, B’s reply deliberately violated the maxim of quality, (2 points) because B wanted A to infer the information that Teheran is not in Turkey. The main purpose of B is to let A know that it is absurd to make such a mistake.(3 points)

VII. Do the following analysis. (20 points)

1. (1) c (2) a (3) d (4) b (5) f (1 point each)

2. 1) child （2 points）2) human, plural （3 points）3)lala （2 points）

4)The child is falling.（4 points）5)The baskets have arrived.（4 points）

《英语语音》期末考试试卷及答案

《英语语音》考试试卷（A卷、闭卷） I. , (15%) （）1. A. B. C. D. （）2. A. B. C. D. （）3. A. B. C. D. （）4. A. B. C. D. （）5. A. B. C. （）6. A. B. C. D. （）7. A. B. C. D. （）8. A. B. C. D. （）9. A. B. C. D. （）10. A. B. C. D. . (15%) （）1. A. B. C. D. （）2. A. B. C. D. （）3. A. B. C. D. （）4. A. B. C. D. （）5. A. B. C. D. （）6. A. B. C. D. （）7. A. B. C. D. （）8. A. B. C. D. （）9. A. B.

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英语语言学概论大纲(DOC)

一、课程性质及其设置目的与要求（一）课程性质和特点《英语语言学概论》课程是我省高等教育自学考试英语专业（本科段）的一门重要的专业理论课程，其任务是培养应考者系统地学习英语语言学的基本知识，掌握语言系统内部语言学各分支之间的关系和各分支的重要概念和基本理论，了解语言学在其它学科领域的应用，熟悉现代语言学重要的流派及其代表人物；通过该课程的学习，考生可以从不同的角度了解语言（的性质），了解语言学习和语言教学，为日后进一步学习语言学、从事语言教学实践和语言学研究打下扎实基础。本课程的特点是：专业术语多，概念多，内容抽象，所以，考生最好在学习本课程之前先学习提高语言读写能力的课程，如高级英语、泛读（三）、写作等，这样可以减少语言障碍，有利于学好语言学的理论知识。（二）本课程的基本要求本课程共分为本书共分四编，计十三章。第一编（一至二章）介绍了语言和语言学；第二编（三至八章）介绍了语言学的主要分支—语音学、音位学、形态学、句法学、语义学和语用学；第三编（九至十二章）为跨学科领域与应用—话语分析、社会语言学、心理语言学，以及语言学理论与外语教学；第四编（十三章）介绍了现代语言学流派。通过对本书的学习，要求应考者对英语语言学有一个全面和正确的了解。具体应达到以下要求： 1、掌握语言的性质、功能，以及语言学的研究范围、语言学的分支和重要的语言学概念； 2、掌握语言系统内部语言学各分支之间的关系和各分支的重要概念和基本理论； 3、了解语言学在其它学科领域的应用； 4、熟悉现代语言学重要的流派及其代表人物。（三）本课程与相关课程的联系英语语言学概论是一门基础理论课程，其含盖范围很广，既涉及语言系统内部的语音学、音位学、形态学、句法学、语义学和语用学，又涉及许多交叉学科，如话语分析、社会语言学、心理语言学、应用语用学（包括语言学理论与外语教学），以及本教程未涉及的神经认知语言学、计算机语言学、人工智能与机器翻译等。语言学的进一步研究甚至会涉及到哲学、逻辑学等领域。在自考课程中，词汇学与语言学关系最为密切，词汇学的许多概念、理论和研究方法都来源于语言学。高级英语、泛读（三）、写作、翻译等课程则是学好语言学的基础。文学与语言学并非对立的关系，这两个领域的研究方法可以互相补充、互相借鉴，日后无论从事语言学还是文学研究，这两个领域都必须同时涉猎。二、课程内容与考核目标

材料力学期末试卷答案解析

一、一、填空题（每小题5分，共10分） 1、如图，若弹簧在Q作用下的静位移st20 = ? 冲击时的最大动位移 mm d 60 = ? 为：3Q。 2、在其它条件相同的情况下，用内直径为d 实心轴，若要使轴的刚度不变的外径D。二、二、选择题（每小题5分，共10分） 1、置有四种答案： (A)截面形心；（B）竖边中点A （C）横边中点B；（D）横截面的角点正确答案是：C 2、足的条件有四种答案：（A） ; z y I I=（A）; z y I I>（A）; z y I I<（A） y z λ λ= 。正确答案是： D 三、 1、（15 P=20KN, []σ 解：AB M n = AB max M= 危险点在A

2、图示矩形截面钢梁，A 端是固定铰支座，B 端为弹簧支承。在该梁的中点C 处受到的重解：（1）求st δ、max st σ。将重力P 按静载方式沿铅垂方向加在梁中心C 处，点C 的挠度为st δ、静应力为max st σ，惯性矩 ) (12016.004.0124 33m bh I ?== 由挠度公式 ) 2(21483K P EI Pl st +=δ得， 8 3339 3 10365.112 )10(104010210488.040---???????= st δ mm m 1001.01032.25240213==???+ mm m 1001.0== 根据弯曲应力公式 z st W M =max σ得，其中4Pl M =， 62bh W z = 代入max st σ得， MPa bh Pl st 124 01.004.06 8.0406 42 2max =????== σ （2）动荷因数K d 12160 211211=?+ +=+ +=K st d h δ （3）梁内最大冲击应力 M P a st d d 1441212max =?=K =σσ 3、（10分）图中的1、2杆材料相同，均为园截面压杆，若使两杆在大柔度时的临界应力相等，试求两杆的直径之比d 1/d 2,以及临界力之比21)/()(cr cr P P 。并指出哪根杆的稳定性较好。解：由 2 22212λπλπσE E cr == 即： 22 221111i l i l μλμλ===；

材料力学期末考试复习题及答案

二、计算题： 1.梁结构尺寸、受力如图所示，不计梁重，已知q=10kN/m，M=10kN·m，求A、B、C处的约束力。 2.铸铁T梁的载荷及横截面尺寸如图所示，C为截面形心。已知I z=60125000mm4，y C=157.5mm，材料许用压应力[σc]=160MPa，许用拉应力[σt]=40MPa。试求：①画梁的剪力图、弯矩图。②按正应力强度条件校核梁的强度。 3.传动轴如图所示。已知F r=2KN，F t=5KN，M=1KN·m，l=600mm，齿轮直径D=400mm，轴的[σ]=100MPa。试求：①力偶M的大小；②作AB轴各基本变形的力图。③用第三强度理论设计轴AB 的直径d。 4.图示外伸梁由铸铁制成，截面形状如图示。已知I z=4500cm4，y1=7.14cm，y2=12.86cm，材料许用压应力[σc]=120MPa，许用拉应力[σt]=35MPa，a=1m。试求：①画梁的剪力图、弯矩图。②按正应力强度条件确定梁截荷P。 5.如图6所示，钢制直角拐轴，已知铅垂力F1，水平力F2，实心轴AB的直径d，长度l，拐臂的长度a。试求：①作AB轴各基本变形的力图。②计算AB轴危险点的第三强度理论相当应力。

6.图所示结构，载荷P=50KkN，AB杆的直径d=40mm，长度l=1000mm，两端铰支。已知材料E=200GPa，σp=200MPa，σs=235MPa，a=304MPa，b=1.12MPa，稳定安全系数n st=2.0，[σ]=140MPa。试校核AB杆是否安全。 7.铸铁梁如图5，单位为mm，已知I z=10180cm4，材料许用压应力[σc]=160MPa，许用拉应力[σt]=40MPa，试求：①画梁的剪力图、弯矩图。②按正应力强度条件确定梁截荷P。 8.图所示直径d=100mm的圆轴受轴向力F=700kN与力偶M=6kN·m的作用。已知M=200GPa，μ=0.3，[σ]=140MPa。试求：①作图示圆轴表面点的应力状态图。②求圆轴表面点图示方向的正应变。③按第四强度理论校核圆轴强度。 9.图所示结构中，q=20kN/m，柱的截面为圆形d=80mm，材料为Q235钢。已知材料E=200GPa，σp=200MPa，σs=235MPa，a=304MPa，b=1.12MPa，稳定安全系数n st=3.0，[σ]=140MPa。试校核柱BC是否安全。

27037 本科自考英语语言学概论精心整理 Chapter 4 Phonology

Chapter 4 Phonology(音位学) 4.1 phonetics and phonology:语音学与音位学的区分 Both phonetics and phonology are concerned with speech.语音学和音位学都士对语音的研究。定义区别 -Phonetics is a study of the production, perception and physical properties of speech sounds. 语音学是研究语音的生产、感知和物理性质的。 -Phonology studies how speech sounds are combined，organized，and convey meanings in particular languages.研究语音如何在在特定的语言中结合、组织和表达含义。 ---Phonology is language-specific.it is the study of how sounds are organized and used in natural languages.音位学是特定于语言的。它的研究对象是自然语言中的声音是如何组织和使用的。 ---Phonetics is a study of speech sounds while phonology is a study of the sound syst em of a language.语音学是一个研究语音的然后音位学是研究一种语言的声音系统的学科。 4.2 Phonemes，phones and allophones 音位、音子、音位变体 Different languages have different phonological systems.不同的语言有不同的语音系统。定义： ①Phones are the smallest identifiable phonetic unit or segment found in a stream of speech. 音子就是在连续的发音中可辨认的最小语音单位或片段。 ②Allophones are the phones which represent a phoneme in a language and cannot change word meaning by substituting any of the set for another.音位变体是指代表语言中音位的音子，即使以一个取代另一个也不改变词义。 ③Phonemes are the minimal distinctive units in the sound system of a language.音位是语言系统中最小的独特的单位。 Allophones are the realization of a particular phoneme while phones are the realizatio n of phonemes in general.音位变体是一个特定音素的认知而音子则是一般的音素。 4.3Minimal pairs 最小对立体 The phonologist is concerned with what difference are significant or technically speaki ng, distinctive. Minimal pair---a pair of words which differ from each other by one sound. Three conditions（情况）: 1）the two froms are different in meaning意义不同 2）the two forms are different in one sound segment声音片段不同 3）the different sounds occur in the same position of the two words.不同声音发生在两个单词的相同位置 Minimal set: a group of words can satisfy（满足）the three conditions . Minimal pairs help determine phonemes. 最小对立体用来定义音位。 4.4 identifying phonemes 识别音素 4.4.1 contrastive distribution，complementary distribution and free variation 对比分布，互补分布和自由变异 The distribution of a sound refers to the collective environments in which the sound concerned may appear.一个声音的分布是指其有关的声音可能出现的集体环境。 1）contrastive distribution对比分布 If two or more sounds can occur in the same environment and the substitution of on

材料力学期末考试试题A卷

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