TestBank_Ch13
Management Information Systems Test Bank
Chapter 13 Building Information Systems
1 True-False Questions
1) The most common form of IT-enabled organizational change is automation.
Answer: TRUE
2) Rationalization of procedures describes a radical rethinking of the business models. Answer: FALSE
3) Systems development activities always take place in sequential order.
Answer: FALSE
4) Faulty requirements analysis is a leading cause of systems failure and high systems development costs.
Answer: TRUE
5) End users should not be included in the design process, but must be involved later. Answer: FALSE
6) The amount of testing time needed for a new system is consistently underrated.
Answer: TRUE
7) The system is not in production until conversion is complete.
Answer: TRUE
8) A data flow diagram offers a logical and graphical model of information flow, partitioning a system into modules that show manageable levels of detail.
Answer: TRUE
9) Object-oriented development is more iterative and incremental than traditional structured development.
Answer: TRUE
10) Object-oriented frameworks have been developed to provide reusable, semi-complete applications a company can customize into finished applications.
Answer: TRUE
11) Prototyping is more iterative than the conventional lifecycle.
Answer: TRUE
12) A problem with prototyping is that the systems constructed using this method may not be able to handle large quantities of data in a production environment.
Answer: TRUE
13) End-user-developed systems can be completed more rapidly than those developed through the
conventional systems lifecycle.
Answer: TRUE
14) In some forms of outsourcing, a company hires an external vendor to create the software for its system, but operates the software on its own computers.
Answer: TRUE
15) Systems development activities always take place in sequential order.
Answer: FALSE
2 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) The four kinds of structural organizational change enabled by IT, in order from least to most risky, are
A) rationalization, automation, reengineering, and redesigning.
B) rationalization, automation, reengineering, and paradigm shift.
C) automation, rationalization, reengineering, and paradigm shift.
D) automation, redesigning, restructuring, and paradigm shift.
Answer: C
2) Business processes are analyzed, simplified, and redesigned in
A) BPR. B) rationalization of procedures.
C) automation. D) a paradigm shift.
Answer: A
3) In automation
A) business processes are simplified.
B) business processes are reorganized to cut waste and eliminate repetitive, paper-intensive tasks.
C) standard operating procedures are streamlined to remove bottlenecks.
D) employees are enabled to perform their tasks more efficiently.
Answer: D
4) Which of the following statements about business process reengineering is NOT true?
A) It is primarily an ongoing effort by a firm that continually readjusts and measures the effectiveness of new procedures.
B) It typically focuses on one or two strategic business processes that need radical change.
C) BPR projects tend to be expensive and organizationally disruptive.
D) To judge effectiveness, the performance of a business process should be measured both before and after reengineering.
Answer: A
5) Enabling organizations to make continual improvements to many business processes and to use processes as the fundamental building blocks of corporate information systems is the goal of A) BPM. B) BPR.
C) reengineering. D) work flow management.
Answer: A
6) Which process develops a detailed description of the functions that a new information system must perform?
A) feasibility study B) requirements analysis
C) systems design D) test plan development
Answer: B
7) The entire system-building effort is driven by
A) organizational change. B) feasibility studies.
C) the information value chain. D) user information requirements.
Answer: D
8) Systems design:
A) describes what a system should do to meet information requirements.
B) shows how the new system will fulfill the information requirements.
C) identifies which users need what information, where, when and how.
D) is concerned with the logical view of the system solution.
Answer: B
9) Transferring data from a legacy system to the new system would be defined by which category of system design specifications?
A) input B) database
C) manual procedures D) conversion
Answer: D
10) Determining methods for feedback and error handling would be defined by which category of system design specifications?
A) training and documentation B) user interface
C) manual procedures D) security and controls
Answer: B
11) Unit testing
A) includes all the preparations for the series of tests to be performed on the system.
B) tests the functioning of the system as a whole in order to determine if discrete modules will function together as planned.
C) tests each program separately.
D) provides the final certification that the system is ready to be used in a production setting. Answer: C
12) System testing
A) includes all the preparations for the series of tests to be performed on the system.
B) tests the functioning of the system as a whole in order to determine if discrete modules will function together as planned.
C) tests each program separately.
D) provides the final certification that the system is ready to be used in a production setting. Answer: B
13) Acceptance testing
A) includes all the preparations for the series of tests to be performed on the system.
B) tests the functioning of the system as a whole in order to determine if discrete modules will function together as planned.
C) tests each program separately.
D) provides the final certification that the system is ready to be used in a production setting. Answer: D
14) In a parallel conversion strategy, the new system
A) is tested by an outsourced company.
B) replaces the old one at an appointed time.
C) and the old are run together.
D) is introduced in stages.
Answer: C
15) In the direct cutover conversion strategy, the new system
A) is tested by an outsourced company.
B) replaces the old one at an appointed time.
C) and the old are run together.
D) is introduced in stages.
Answer: B
16) Changes in hardware, software, documentation, or production to a production system to correct errors, meet new requirements, or improve processing efficiencies are termed
A) compliance. B) production.
C) maintenance. D) acceptance.
Answer: C
17) In what stage of systems development are design specifications created?
A) systems analysis B) systems design
C) testing D) conversion
Answer: B
18) The primary tool for representing a system's component processes and the flow of data between them is the
A) data dictionary. B) process specifications diagram.
C) user documentation. D) data flow diagram.
Answer: D
19) To understand and define the contents of data flows and data store, system builders use
A) a data dictionary. B) process specifications diagrams.
C) user documentation. D) data flow diagrams.
Answer: A
20) To show each level of a system's design, its relationship to other levels, and its place in the overall design structure, structured methodologies use
A) structure charts. B) Gantt and PERT charts.
C) process specifications. D) data flow diagrams.
Answer: A
21) In object-oriented development
A) the class is used as the basic unit of systems analysis and design.
B) an object is a collection of data that is acted on by external processes.
C) processing logic resides within objects.
D) a strict, step-by-step development process is essential.
Answer: C
22) Object-oriented modeling is based on the concepts of
A) objects and relationships. B) classes and objects.
C) class and inheritance. D) objects and inheritance.
Answer: C
23) Object-oriented development could potentially reduce the time and cost of writing software because
A) object-oriented programming requires less training.
B) iterative prototyping is not required.
C) objects are reusable.
D) a single user interface object can be used for the entire application.
Answer: C
24) The oldest method for building information systems is
A) component-based development. B) prototyping.
C) object-oriented development. D) the systems development lifecycle. Answer: D
25) In the traditional systems development lifecycle, end users:
A) are important and ongoing members of the team from the original analysis phase through maintenance.
B) are important only in the testing phases.
C) have no input.
D) are limited to providing information requirements and reviewing the technical staff's work. Answer: D
26) In which type of systems building are the development stages organized so that tasks in one stage are completed before the tasks in the next stage begun?
A) traditional B) prototyping
C) RAD D) All of the above
Answer: A
27) As a technical project manager you have decided to propose implementing a prototyping
methodology for a small Web-based design project. What is the order of steps you will follow in this project?
A) Develop the prototype; use the prototype; revise and enhance the prototype.
B) Identify user requirements, develop the prototype, use the prototype, revise and enhance the prototype.
C) Define the requirements, develop solutions, select the best prototype, and implement the prototype.
D) Define the requirements, develop the prototype, revise and enhance the prototype. Answer: B
28) If an organization's requirements conflict with the software package chosen and the package cannot be customized, the organization will have to
A) change its procedures. B) outsource the development of the system.
C) redesign the RFP. D) change the evaluation process.
Answer: A
29) Hidden costs such as ________ can easily undercut anticipated benefits from outsourcing.
A) monitoring vendors to make sure they often are fulfilling their contractual obligations
B) transitioning to a new vendor
C) identifying and evaluating vendors of information technology services
D) all of the above
Answer: D
30) The process of creating workable information systems in a very short period of time is called
A) RAD. B) JAD.
C) prototyping. D) B and C.
Answer: A
3 Fill in the Blanks
1) A(n) ________ refers to business processes are analyzed, simplified, and redesigned. Answer: business process reengineering
2) ________is the activities that go into producing an information systems solution to an organizational problem or opportunity.
Answer: Systems development
3) ________ is the exhaustive and thorough process that determines whether the system produces the desired results under known conditions.
Answer: Testing
4) ________development uses the object as the basic unit of system analysis and design. Answer: Object-oriented
5) ________ is the process of building an experimental system quickly and cheaply for demonstration and evaluation.
Answer: Prototyping
6) During the ________stage of system development, system specifications that were prepared during the design stage are translated into software code.
Answer: programming
7) A systems analysis includes a(n) ________ that is used to determine whether the solution is achievable, from a financial, technical, and organizational standpoint.
Answer: feasibility study
8) ________ contain a detailed statement of the information needs that a new system must satisfy; identifies who needs what information, and when, where, and how the information is needed. Answer: Information requirements
9) A(n) ________ is the model or blueprint for an information system solution and consists of all the specifications that will deliver the functions identified during systems analysis.
Answer: systems design
10) ________ is the process of changing from the old system to the new system.
Answer: Conversion
4 Essay Questions
1) Describe the activities for systems analysis
描述活动的系统分析
Answer: System analysis requires an organization to analyze problems it will try to solve with information systems. It includes defining a problem, identifying its causes, specifying the solution, and identifying information requirements that must be met by the system solution. System analysis requires determining if the solution is feasible from a financial, technical, and organizational standpoint.
系统的分析需要一个组织来分析问题，将尽力解决与信息系统。它包括限定一个问题，确定其原因，指定该溶液中，并确定了必须由系统解决方案必须满足的信息的要求。系统的分析需要确定的方案是可行的财务，技术和组织的角度。
2) Describe the activities for systems design
描述活动的系统设计
Answer: System design shows how the system will fulfill the objective of the system analysis. It’s the overall plan or model for the system that serves as a blueprint and consists of all the specifications that give the system its form and structure. The specifications outline managerial, organizational, and technological components of the system solution. Design specifications for a new system include architecture design, input/output, database design, processing, security, interface etc.
系统设计示出了系统如何实现系统的分析的目的。这对于，作为一个蓝图，包括所有给系统的形态和结构的规格体系整体计划或型号。规格概述系统解决方案的管理，组织和技术成分。设计规范的一个新的系统，包括架构设计，输入/输出，数据库设计，处理，安全，接口等。
3) Define information requirements and explain why they are difficult to determine correctly.
确定信息需求，并解释为什么他们难以确定正确的。
Answer: Information requirements involve identifying who needs what information, where, when, and how. They define the objectives of the new or modified system and contain a detailed description of the functions the new system must perform. Gathering information requirements is perhaps the most difficult task of the systems analyst, and faulty requirements analysis is a leading cause of systems failure and high systems development costs. Some problems require adjustments in management, additional training, or refinement of existing organizational procedures rather than an information system solution.
信息要求涉及确认谁需要什么信息，在何处，何时以及如何。它们定义了新的或修改系统的目标，并包含新的系统必须执行的功能的详细描述。收集信息的要求也许是系统分析员的最困难的任务，和错误的需求分析是系统故障和高系统开发成本的首要原因。有些问题需要在管理的调整，额外的培训，或对现有组织程序的细化，而不是一个信息系统的解决方案。
4) Compare object-oriented and traditional structured approaches for modeling and designing systems.
比较面向对象的建模和设计系统，传统的结构化方法。
Answer: Structured methods for designing systems separate processes from data in the modeling process. System analysis is separated from system design. Object-oriented development (OOD) combines processes and data into an object that becomes the basic unit of system analysis and design. Data encapsulated in an object is accessed and modified only by the operations or methods associated with that object. Processing logic resides within the objects. Object-oriented development is more iterative and incremental than traditional structured development. The analysis phase of OOD requires system builders to document the functional requirements of a system and specify its most important properties. During the design phases, system builders describe how the objects will behave and how they will interact with each other. Similar objects are grouped together to form a class. Classes are further grouped into hierarchies in which a subclass inherits the attributes and methods from its super-class.
结构化从在建模过程中数据的系统设计单独的进程的方法。系统分析是从系统分离式设计。面向对象的开发（OOD），结合流程和数据集成到一个对象，成为系统的分析和设计的基本单位。封装在一个对象的数据访问，只有通过与该对象相关联的操作或方法修改。处理逻辑驻留在目标范围内。面向对象的开发更是迭代和增量比传统的结构化开发。面向对象的分析阶段需要系统集成商来记录系统的功能要求，并指定其最重要的特性。在设计阶段，系统集成商介绍了如何将对象的行为以及它们将如何彼此互动。相似的对象被组合在一起，形成一个类。类可进一步分为层次结构中，子类继承自其超类的属性和方法。
5) What are the advantages of prototyping? Describe the steps in prototyping.
什么是原型设计的优势是什么？描述原型的步骤。
Answer: Prototyping is most useful when there is some uncertainty about requirements or design solutions. Because prototyping encourages intense end-user involvement throughout the process, it is more likely to produce systems that fulfill user requirements. Working prototype systems can be developed very rapidly and inexpensively.
当有大约需求或设计方案的一些不确定性原型是最有用的。因为原型鼓励在整个过程中强烈最终用户的参与，就更有可能产生符合用户要求的系统。工作原型系统可以非常迅速且成本低廉发展。
The steps in prototyping are: (1) Identify the user's basic requirements, (2) develop an initial
prototype, (3) use the prototype, (4) revise and enhance the prototype.
在原型设计的步骤是：（1）确定用户的基本要求，（2）开发初始原型，（3）使用原型，（4）修改和增强的原型。