英语中各种词的用法

英语中各种词的用法

介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作主语, 状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。例如:

Most of the students went to the classroom.

大部分学生去了教室。

We play basketball on the sports ground.

我们在操场上打蓝球。

介词常与动词,形容词,名词一起构成固定搭配。

belong to 属于rely on 依靠

talk to 同...谈话be afraid of 害怕

be strict with对...严格

介词一般放在名词之前。但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词,疑问副词或者关系代词时，这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。

Where do you come from?

你是哪儿人?

Who are you talking to?

你在跟谁谈话呢?

What do you study for?

你为了什么而学习?

介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小，但它们的用法却非常灵活,复杂。以下是一个例子:

about 关于,附近,大约,周围,随身.

I have bought a book about Shakespearean.

我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。

1. WITH

(1)v+with

(a) v+with

begin, mix, agree, deal, fight, meet, play, quarrel, do, fool, reason,

correspond, comply, settle.

(b) v + sth (sb) + with + sth (sb)

compare, provide, supply, feed, replace, combine, equip, furnish,

(2)adj+with

angry, strict, pleased, busy, covered, satisfied, filled, wrong, wild, crowded, connected, popular, covered, patient, annoyed, acquainted, delighted, confronted, content, friendly, identical, frank, concerned, bored, afflicted, associated, blended, burdened, comparable, consistent, disappointed, displeased, endowed, enraged, exhausted, familiar, gifted, impatient, infested, intimate, irritated, level, moved, occupied, overcome, popular, satisfied, vexed

(3) n+with

acquaintance, alliance, trouble, talk, chat, connection, consultation, conversation, sympathy,

2. AT

(1)v+at

aim, point, snatch, wonder, strike, work, look, glance, laugh, run, catch, shoot, stare, glare, thrust, smile, call, fire, tear, knock,

winder, arrive, come, gasp

(2)adj+at

amused, delighted, angry, good, surprised, astonished, pleased, terrified, clever, alarmed, astonished, clumsy, disgusted, impatient, quick, startled, surprised

(3)n+at

knock, pull, look, glance, smile, game, astonishment, surprise, alarm,

3. IN

(1)v+in

get, lie, turn, draw, believe, share, take, drop, give, call, hand, succeed, bring, result, trade, involve, check, count, cut, indulge,

pour, participate, intervene, fill,join, confide, trust, believe,

persist, consist,

(b) V+sb(sth)+in

help, spend

(2)adj+in

rich, interested, active, disappointed, engaged, busy, weak, expert, successful, absorbed, skilled, concerned, experienced, confident, employed, accurate, clothed, diligent, negligent, proficient, prompt, versed,

(3)n+in

interest, progress, satisfaction, faith, belief, confidence, response, pride, perseverance, harm, difficulty,pleasure, confidence, delight,

4. FROM

(1)V+from

(a) V + from

learn, die, come, suffer, hear, fall, rise, hang, escape, date, depart, result, descend, refrain, abstain, differ, distinguish, derive, expel, conceal, judge

(b) V + sth ( sb) +from + sth ( sb or a place)

borrow, protect, receive, separate, keep, stop, prevent,deter, choose, remove, save, dissuade, excuse, restrain

(2)adj+from

different, far, tired, made, separate, absent, distinct, hidden, made, (3)n+from

letter, visitor,absence, difference, protection, relief, rescue,

5. OF

(1)V+of

(a) V+of

consist, dream, hear, tell, think, know, talk, die, speak

(b) V+sb+of+sth

rob, warn, inform, remind, accuse, cheat, convince, relieve, deprive, (c) V+sth+of+sb

ask, beg, demand, require,

(2)adj+of

aware, careful, free, short, sure, certain, worthy, afraid, hopeful, proud, full, tired, made, capable, impatient, considerate, characteristic, guilty, capable, composed, jealous, ashamed, envious, ignorant, apprehensive, bare, cautious, clear, composed, conscious, descriptive, exclusive, forgetful, fond, hard, incapable, informed, innocent, made, mindful, neglectful,observant, possessed, productive, regardless, rid, sensible, sick, susceptible, weary

(3) n+of

quality, number, sample, choice, impression, neglect, attack, care, consideration, pleasure, doubt, way equivalence, possibility, example,

6. ON

(1)v+on

(a) v+on

act, lean, live, work, depend, look, wait, turn, switch, pull, have,

keep, call, put, push, speak, insist, push, collaborate, count, frown,

reckon, speculate, figure, carry,

(b) V+sb(sth)+ON+sb(sth)

congratulate, spend, base, fix

(2)adj+on

hard, keen, dependent, based, impressed,

(3)n+on

book, discussion, lecture, advice, opinion, impression, attack, dependence, judgment, pity, mercy, authority

7. TO

(1)v+to

(a) v+to

listen, stick, refer, turn, point, reply, occur, attend, see, lead, happen, come, get, write, hold, agree, belong, adapt, attribute, object, subscribe, adjust, accede, yield, resort, relate, respond, testify, succumb,

(b) v+to+sb

announce, describe, explain, express, mention, report, say, shout, suggest, whisper, speak, talk, nod,

(c) v+sth(sb)+sth(sb)

devote, compare, add, introduce, invite, leave, join, reduce, sentence, carry, take,

(2)adj+to

equal, opposed, true, familiar, close, near, kind, harmful, polite, rude, similar, useful, married, known, used, good, dedicated, fair, essential, parallel, related, sensible, relevant, possible, indifferent, devoted, comparable, necessary, contrary, suitable, strange, close, alike, opposite, familiar, inferior, superior, proportionate, accessory, accustomed, adapted, addicted, adequate, adjacent, afflicted, akin, alive, amenable, applicable, attentive, awake, blind, common, conductive, congenial, contiguous, contrary, corresponding, deaf, derogatory, disagreeable, displeasing, distasteful, exposed, false, fatal, grateful, hostile, important, indifferent, loyal,

moved, obedient, odious, opposite, painful, partial, peculiar, pleasant, precious, preferable, precious, prior, profitable, prone, proper, relative, relevant, sacred, strange, subsequent, susceptible, thankful, troublesome,

(3)n+to

key, answer, visitor, end, way, solution, traitor, attention, exception, gratitude, approach

8. FOR

(1)v+for

(a)v+for

account, beg, hope, send, look, ask, long, pay, wish, wait, leave, fight, plan, prepare, care, stand, search, answer, run, call, bargain, inquire, press, apply, provide, apologize,

grieve

(b)v+sb+for+sth

ask, blame, forgive, pardon, pay, praise, punish, reward, thank, excuse, (2)adj+for

eager, bad, good, famous, fit, suitable, ready, sorry, grateful, useful, late, responsible,

proper, crucial, competent, eligible, noted, renowned, appropriate, notorious, convenient, possible, profitable, liable, necessary,anxious, bound, eligible, impatient, liable, sufficient, uncared, unfit, zealous, (3)n+for

plan, need, reason, explanation, ability, affection, excuse, ambition, anxiety, reputation, consideration, necessity, talent, sympathy, cause, pretext, qualification

9. ABOUT

(1)v+about

quarrel, agree, consult, complain, speak, bring, think, set, care, fumble, fuss, leave, move, lie, hear,speculate, inquire,

(2)adj+about

happy, anxious, nervous, cautious, careful, certain, excited, particular, pleased, concerned, enthusiastic,uneasy, troubled

(3)n+on

concern, anxiety, opinion, question.

副词的用法

He studies hard. 他用功读书。

His mother is very glad. 他母亲很高兴。

（1）.作状语

He works hard.（副词修饰动词）

他努力工作。

You are quite right.（修饰形容词）

你相当正确。

He parked the car very easily.（修饰副词）

他很容易地把汽车停放好了。

Unfortunately he was out.（修饰整个句子）

很不巧，他出去了。

（2）.作定语

有时少数地点副词和时间副词可以作定语，放在所修饰词的后边。

注意

副词作定语时和介词短语作定语一样，一律后置。

（3）.作表语

作表语的副词多数是表示位置的，如in, out，on，back, down，up，off，away，upstairs. He is in. 他在家。

What's on this evening？今晚演什么节目?

I must be off now. 我现在必须走了。

（4）.作宾语补足语

Let them in.

让他们进来。

We saw her off two days ago.

两天前我们为她送行。

副词的位置

（1）.地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句末

注意

地点副词作定语时要后置，不属于这种情况。参见P.72<2.作定语>的例句。

I'll wait for you here.（地点副词）

我将在这儿等你。

I'll meet him at the station tomorrow.（时间副词）

明天我将去车站接他。

Tomorrow I'll meet him at the station.

注意

有时为了强调时间，也可把时间副词放在句首。

The boy wrote the homework quickly.

（方式副词）

这个男孩子写作业很快。

They did their experiments carefully in the lab yesterday.方式地点时间

昨天他们在实验室认真地做实验。

The students all worked well here last week

这些学生上周在这里都做得很好。

（2）.频度副词在句中位置有以下两种

a.在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后。

She is always kind to us（be动词）

她对我们总是很好。

I can never forget the day.（情态动词）

我永远也不能忘掉这一天。

The work has never been done.

英文中数字的写法和汉语有所不同，想必大家都已经了解。但日常生活中难免还会连词是指把词、词组、分句和句子甚至段落连接起来的起连接作用的词或词组。连词的种类很多，主要有以下几类：

一、并列连词

1、表示对等关系的并列连词。使用该类并列连词时必须保持结构对等，词性统一，在句子中要使用对等成分，不可失之偏颇。常用的该类连词有：and，either．．．or，neither．．．nor，as well as，both．．．and，not only．．．but also。如：

This is an old clock that is not only very handsome but also accurate．

2、表示选择关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：or，or else，otherwise，rather than，either．．．or。如：

You should get the license right away，or you'll have to pay a fine．

3、表示转折和对比关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：but，while，whereas，yet，however，nevertheless，on the other hand，on the contrary。如：

She is a funny girl，yet you can't help liking her．

4、表示因果关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：so，for，therefore，hence，thus，consequently，accordingly。如：

It was raining heavily，so the sports meeting was postponed．

二、从属连词

1、引导时间状语的从属连词。该类连词除一些常用的外，还包括：as soon as，the moment （一……就……），the minute，the instant，once，immediately（一……就……），no sooner．．．than

（一……就……），hardly．．．when（刚……就……）。

如：

He told me the news immediately he got it．

2、引导地点状语的从属连词。该类连词有两个：where和wherever。如：

Where there is a life，there is a hope．

3、引导条件状语的从属连词。该类连词除

if，unless和if only（要是……就好了），还有：

provided（that），providing（that），supposing（that），

suppose，in case（that），as long as（只要），on condition that。如：

If only I had more money，I could buy some new clothes．

4、引导目的状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：so that，that，in order that，lest，for fear that，in case（that）。例如：

She worried for fear that the child would be hurt．

5、引导原因状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：as，because，since，in that，now that （既然），seeing that（鉴于）。例如：

Seeing that it is eight o'clock，we'll wait no longer．

6、引导比较状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：as，as．．．as，less（more）．．．than，the more．．．the more。例如：

The more we can do for you，the happier we will be．

7、引导方式状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：as，as if（好像），as though（好像）。例如：

Heat can flow from a hot body to a cooler body as if it were a fluid．

8、引导结果状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：so．．．that，such．．．that，so（that）。例如：

He is such an honest man that everyone would like to trust him．

9、引导让步状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：though，although，even if，even though，while，as，whatever，however，whoever，no matter．．．（不管）。例如：

Hard as he tried，he failed to pass the exam．

三、连接代词和连接副词

这类词用来引导名词性从句。连接代词有：that（不充当成分），which，what，who，whose 等；连接副词有：when，where，how，why等。

四、关系代词和关系副词

这类词用来引导定语从句。关系代词包括：who，that，which，as，whose，whom等。关系副词包括：when，where，why，how等。关系代词和关系副词起着三重作用：其一，它们连接着主句和从句；其二，它们代表着主句的一个先行词（which和as还可以代表主句中的一个词组或整个句子）；其三，它们又在从句中充当成分。