2021届高考英语基础核心词汇讲与练(全)

2021届高考英语基础核心词汇讲与练（一）

一：阅读美文赏析

The Freshman Challenge

Hi! My name is Adam and I'm a freshman at senior high school. Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. The first week was a little confusing.

First, I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ones: maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese. I know that Chinese is a very difficult language, but I hope to be fluent when I graduate. My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I'm good at it.

I had to choose extra-curricular activities, too. I tried to join the school football team, but the coach told me that I didn't play well enough. Obviously, I was unhappy, but I won't quit. I'll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year. I joined a volunteer club instead. Every Wednesday, we work at a soup kitchen and hand out food to homeless people in the community.

I know I'll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being responsible for a lot more. I'm a bit worried about keeping up with the other students in my advanced course, and it'll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework. Still, I'm happy to be here. Studying hard isn't always fun, but I'll be well prepared for university or whatever else comes in the future.

参考译文

嗨！我叫亚当，是高中一年级的新生。从初中过渡到高中真是一项巨大的挑战。第一周有点让人迷茫。

首先，我必须非常认真地考虑我想选哪些课程。学校的指导老师帮我选择了适合我的课

程：数学、英语、化学、世界史和中文。我知道中文是一门非常难学的语言，但我希望毕业时能说得很流利。因为我喜欢英语而且成绩不错，我的指导老师建议我选修高级文学。

我还得选一些课外活动。我想参加学校足球队，但教练说我踢得不够好。显然，我很不开心，但我不会放弃。我会自己想办法提高，这样我明年就能加入球队了。不过，我还是参加了一个志愿者社团。每周三，我们会在食品救济站里干活，把食物分发给社区里的无家可归者。

我知道作为一名高中生，我必须得更加努力地学习，学会习惯对更多的事情负责。我有点担心在高级课程中无法跟上其他学生，而且要适应所有的作业会相当困难。不过，我还是很高兴来到这里。努力学习并不总是有趣的，但我会为未来上大学或是任何其他的事情做好充分准备。

二：重点字词解析

1.freshman/?fre?m?n / n. (especially NAmE)(中学)九年级学生；(大学)一年级新生

2. senior/?si:ni?(r)/adj. (级别、地位等)较高的；年长的n. 较年长者senior high school (美国)高中

3. junior/?d?u:ni?(r)/adj. 地位(或职位、级别)低下的n. 职位较低者；(体育运动中)青少年

4. challenge/?t??l?nd?/ n. 挑战；艰巨任务vt. 怀疑；向……挑战

5. confusing /k?n?fju:z??/ adj. 难以理解的；不清楚的confused /k?n?fju:zd/ adj. 人感到糊涂的；迷惑的

6. carefully英/'ke?f?l?/ 美/?k?rf?l?/ adv.仔细地；小心翼翼的；诚惶诚恐地；颇有分寸地

7. course英/k??s/ 美/k??rs/ n. (有关某学科的系列)课程，讲座；(大学中要进行考试或取得资格的)课程；(船或飞机的)航向，航线v. 快速地流动；奔流第三人称单数：courses 复数：courses 现在分词：coursing 过去式：coursed

8. adviser英/?d?va?z?(r)/ 美/?d?va?z?r/ n. 顾问；提供意见者复数：advisers

9. suitable/?su:t?bl/ adj.适合的；适用的suitable for 对……适合的

10. chemistry英/?kem?stri/ 美/?kem?stri/ n. 化学；物质的化学组成(或性质)；(常指有强烈性吸引力的)两人间的关系复数：chemistries

11. fluent /'flu:?nt/

adj. (尤指外语)流利的；熟练的

12. graduate /'ɡr?d??e?t/

vi. & vt.毕业；获得学位/'ɡr?d???t/ n. 毕业生

13. recommend /rek??mend/ vt. 建议；推荐；介绍

14. sign up ( for sth) 报名(参加课程)

15. advanced/?d?vɑ:nst/ adj. 高级的；高等的；先进的advance /?d?vɑ:ns /n. 前进；发展vi. 前进；发展vt. 发展；促进

16. literature/?l?tr?t??(r)/ n. 文学；文学作品

17. extra-curricular /'ekstr? k?'r?kj?l?(r)/ adj. 课外的；课程以外的

18. coach英/k??t?/ 美/ko?t?/ n. (体育运动的)教练；私人教师；(多指)考前辅导教师；长途汽车；长途客车v. (对体育运动、工作或技能进行)训练，培养，指导；辅导(尤指为让学员参加考试)；指示;特殊指导；专门传授第三人称单数：coaches 复数：coaches 现在分词：coaching 过去式：coached 过去分词：coached

19. obviously/??bvi?sli/ adv. 显然地；明显地

20. improve英/?m?pru?v/ 美/?m?pru?v/ v. 改进；改善

21. volunteer英/?v?l?n?t??(r)/ 美/?vɑ?l?n?t?r/ n. 义务工作者；志愿者；自告奋勇者；主动做某事的人；志愿兵；义勇兵v. 自愿做；义务做；无偿做；主动建议(或告诉)；自愿参军；当志愿兵

22. instead英/?n?sted/ 美/?n?sted/ adv. 代替；顶替；反而；却

23. soup英/su?p/ 美/su?p/ n.汤；羹v.使振作；打扮;竖起

24. homeless英/?h??ml?s/ 美/?ho?ml?s/ adj. 无家的；无家可归的人们

25. community英/k??mju?n?ti/ 美/k??mju?n?ti/ n.社区；社会；团体；社团；界；共享；共有

26. responsible英/r??sp?ns?bl/ 美/r??spɑ?ns?bl/ adj.有责任；负责；承担义务；应受责备；作为原因；成为起因

27. advanced英/?d?vɑ?nst/ 美/?d?v?nst/ adj. 先进的；高级的；高等的；(发展)晚期的，后期的v. (为了进攻、威胁等)前进，行进；(知识、技术等)发展，进步；促进；推动advance 的过去分词和过去式

28. prepared英/pr??pe?d/ 美/pr??perd/ adj.准备好；有所准备；愿意；事先做好(或写好等)的v.使做好准备；把…预备好；使(自己)有准备；防范；预备(饭菜)；做(饭)prepare的

过去分词和过去式

29. university英/?ju?n??v??s?ti/ 美/?ju?n??v??rs?ti/ n. (综合性)大学；高等学府

30. future

英/?fju?t??(r)/ 美/?fju?t??r/ n. 将来；未来；未来的事；将来发生的事；前景；前途；前程adj. 将来的；未来的；将来发生的

三：阅读针对性训练

Summer Programs for Teens

University of Maryland: TERP Young Scholars

This program is the perfect summer camp for academically talented teenagers who want to pursue academic interests, explore career opportunities, and discover college life at the University of Maryland.

During three weeks of intellectual exploration, teens can study with students who share similar interes ts, and communicate with some of the universit’s best teachers.

Upon successful completion, students can earn three college credits.

Carpe Diem: The University-bound Adventure

Carpe Diem supports both American and international students in applying to a university by providing private consultation. This 2-week experience also includes tours of famous East Coast universities. Students will also have the opportunity to build their resumes(简历) by working with writing experts.

Great Books Summer Program

This is a lively, warm and welcoming summer camp community of outstanding teens, who love literature and ideas. In the past eleven years, it has gathered middle and high school students from across the world to read selections from the greatest works of literature, experience heated discussions and enjoy summer camp fun with other literary-minded students. Participants can gain confidence in their ability to read a text closely and express their ideas clearly both verbally and in writing.

Zeal Travel

We offer our teens two-week and three-week long trips to Hawaii, Alaska, Australia and Spain. All trips include 15—25 hours of community service activities.

Depending on your trip of choice, you’ll be helping Hawaiians protect their forest ecosystem, caring for dogs in Spain, working with Habitat for Humanity, and much more. Every trip also includes exciting outdoor activities like surfing, driving, ice-climbing, hiking and more. The possibilities are endless and there is a zeal trip for every interest.

1.Which program offers students the opportunity to develop academic interests?

A.Carpe Diem.

B.Zeal Travel.

C.University of Maryland.

D.Great Books Summer Program.

2.What can students do in Great Books Summer Program?

A.Learn how to write stories.

B.Attend a campus cultural event.

C.Make friends with famous writers.

D.Read and discuss the great works of literature.

3.What is special about Zeal Travel?

A.It includes a lot of thrilling outdoor activities.

B.It provides community service for students.

C.It offers students exciting free trips.

D.It will last 3 weeks.

参考答案：CDA

2021届高考英语基础核心词汇讲与练（二）

一：阅读美文赏析

Living Legends

Lang Ping

As a player, Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country. As a coach, she led the China women's volleyball team to medals at world championships and the Olympics. As a person, Lang Ping is loved by fans at home and abroad. When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup, her determination was tested. The team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart. One of the best players had been injured, and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems. Losing two important players was a big challenge, but Lang Ping did not lose heart. She had faced difficulties before, and she knew that her young players could win if they worked together as a team. Two weeks later, they were world champions! Then in 2016, Lang Ping led her volleyball team to Olympic gold in Brazil.

Michael Jordan

When Michael Jordan's feet left the ground, time seemed to stand still. The player who became known as "Air Jordan" changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps. Jordan's skills were impressive, but the mental strength that he showed made him unique. In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always seemed to find a way to win. Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures. "I can accept failure; everyone fails at something. But I can't accept not trying." Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give up. In life, Jordan has learnt to share his success with others. The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.

郎平

作为一名运动员，郎平为她的国家带来了诸多荣誉。作为一名教练，她带领中国女排在世界锦标赛和奥运会上屡获殊荣。作为个人，郎平深受国内外深受球迷的喜爱。当中国队在准备2015年世界杯时，她的决心受到了考验。郎平组建的团队处于崩溃的边缘。最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了，而且队长也因心脏问题而离队。失去两大主力队员是一个巨大的挑战，但郎平并没有灰心。她以前也遇到过各种困难，她知道只要她这些年轻的运动员们拧成一股绳通力合作，就能获胜。两周后，她们真成了世界冠军！随后在2016年，郎平又带领她的排球队在巴西勇夺奥运会金牌。

迈克尔·乔丹

迈克尔·乔丹双脚离地的那一瞬间时，时间似乎都凝固了。这位被称为"飞人乔丹"的运动员用他那优雅的动作和跳跃改变了篮球运动。乔丹的球技令人赞叹，然而他所展示出来

的精神力量使他脱颖而出。在比赛的最后几秒钟，乔丹似乎总能找到办法获胜。乔丹说，他成功的秘诀在于从失败中学习。"我可以接受失败，每个人都会遭遇失败；但我决不能接受不去尝试。" 赛场上失利教会他更努力地训练和永不放弃。在生活中，乔丹学会了与他人分享自己的成功。他在芝加哥创建的"男孩女孩俱乐部"从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。二：重点字词解析

1.honour

英[??n?(r)] 美[?ɑ?n?r]

n.尊敬；尊重；崇敬；荣幸；光荣；正义感；道义；节操

v.尊敬，尊重(某人)；给予表扬(或奖励、头衔、称号)；信守，执行(承诺)

2.glory

英[?ɡl??ri] 美[?ɡl??ri]

n.荣誉；光荣；桂冠；(对上帝的)赞颂，赞美，崇拜；壮丽；辉煌；灿烂

v.夸耀；得意

3.coach

英[k??t?] 美[ko?t?]

n.(体育运动的)教练；私人教师；(多指)考前辅导教师；长途汽车；长途客车

v.(对体育运动、工作或技能进行)训练，培养，指导；辅导(尤指为让学员参加考试)；指示；特殊指导；专门传授

4.volleyball

英[?v?lib??l] 美[?vɑ?lib??l]

n.排球运动

5.medal

英[?medl] 美[?medl]

n.奖章；勋章

v.(在比赛中)获得奖牌(或奖章)

第三人称单数：medals 复数：medals 现在分词：medaling 过去式：medaled 过去分词：medaled

6.championship

英[?t??mpi?n??p] 美[?t??mpi?n??p]

n.锦标赛；冠军地位

复数：championships

7.abroad

英[??br??d] 美[??br??d]

adv.在国外；到国外；广为流传；在室外；到室外；户外

8.prepare for

英[pr??pe?(r) f??(r)] 美[pr??per f??r]

准备；为…作准备；为…做准备

9.determination

英[d??t??m??ne??n] 美[d??t??rm??ne??n]

n.决心；果断；坚定；(正式)决定，确定，规定；查明；测定；计算

10.test

英[test] 美[test]

n.测验；考查；(医疗上的)检查，化验，检验；试验；测试

v.测验；考查；试验；检查；化验；检验；测试

11.injured

英[??nd??d] 美[??nd??rd]

adj.受伤的；有伤的；受伤的人；伤员；伤兵；委屈的；受到伤害的

v.(尤指在事故中)伤害，使受伤；损害，伤害(名誉、自尊等)

injure的过去分词和过去式

12.captain

英[?k?pt?n] 美[?k?pt?n]

n.船长；机长；(海军)上校；(陆军或美国空军的)上尉；首领；领导者；(尤指运动队的)队长v.担任…的队长(或船长)

13.challenge

英[?t??l?nd?] 美[?t??l?nd?]

n.挑战；艰巨任务；挑战书；(比赛等的)邀请，提议；质询；质疑；提出异议

v.对…怀疑(或质疑)；拒绝接受；向(某人)挑战；(尤指在对方不情愿时)强烈建议(某人做某事)；考查…的能力；考验…的技巧

14.lose heart

英[lu?z hɑ?t] 美[lu?z hɑ?rt]

失去信心；灰心；泄气

15.two weeks later

英[tu? ?wi?ks ?le?t?(r)] 美[tu? ?wi?ks ?le?t?r]

两周后

16.Brazil

英[br??z?l] 美[br??z?l]

n.巴西；巴西坚果

17.foot

英[f?t] 美[f?t]

n.(人或动物的)脚，足；有…脚(或足的)；有…只脚(的)；用…脚(或足的)；(袜子的)足部v.走，踏；合计，结算(up)，加(to)，支付

第三人称单数：foots 复数：feet 现在分词：footing 过去式：footed 过去分词：footed 18.graceful

英[?ɡre?sfl] 美[?ɡre?sfl]

adj.优美的；优雅的；雅致的；(尤指在困境中)得体的，有风度的

19.move

英[mu?v] 美[mu?v]

v.(使)改变位置，移动；变化；改变；转变；前进；进步；进展

n.行动；移动；活动；改变；转变；动摇

20.jump

英[d??mp] 美[d??mp]

v.跳；跃；跳跃；跳过；跃过；跨越；快速移动；突然移动

n.跳；跃；跳跃；(比赛中需跳过的)障碍物；突升；猛涨；激增

第三人称单数：jumps 现在分词：jumping 过去式：jumped 过去分词：jumped

21.impressive

英[?m?pres?v] 美[?m?pres?v]

adj.令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的

22.mental

英[?mentl] 美[?mentl]

adj.思想的；精神的；思考的；智力的；精神病治疗的；精神健康的；疯狂；发疯

23.strength

英[stre?θ] 美[stre?θ]

n.体力；力气；力量；强度；毅力；坚强决心；意志力量

24.unique

英[ju?ni?k] 美[ju?ni?k]

adj.唯一的；独一无二的；独特的；罕见的；(某人、地或事物)独具的，特有的

25.second

英[?sek?nd , s??k?nd] 美[?sek?nd , s??kɑ?nd]

det./ord.第二(的)；(重要性、规模、质量等)居第二位的；另外的；外加的

adv.以第二名；以第二位；(用于列举)第二，其次

n.秒(时间单位)；片刻；瞬间；秒(角度单位)

v.支持，赞成(主意、建议等)；附议

v.临时调派；短期调任

26.secret

英[?si?kr?t] 美[?si?kr?t]

adj.秘密的；保密的；外人不得而知的；(指行为与习惯)暗中进行的，未公开的，隐秘的；诡秘；神秘

n.秘密；机密；诀窍；秘诀；奥秘；奥妙

27.accept

英[?k?sept] 美[?k?sept]

v.收受；接受(建议、邀请等)；(认为合适或足够好而)接受；同意；认可

28.practise

英[?pr?kt?s] 美[?pr?kt?s]

v.练习；实习；训练；经常做；养成…的习惯；从事(医务工作、法律专业等)；执业

29.share

英[?e?(r)] 美[?er]

v.共有；合用；分配；分摊；分享；共享

n.(在若干人之间分得的)一份；(在多人参加的活动中所占的)一份；正常的一份；可接受的一份

30.Chicago

英[???kɑ?g??] 美[???kɑ?go?]

n.芝加哥桥牌；芝加哥(在美国中西部；为美国第二大城)

三：阅读针对性训练

A primary school principal in north China has become the latest Internet celebrity for leading some cool moves during a morning exercise routine with his students.

Every morning, 40-year-old principal Zhang Pengfei at Xiguan Primary School in Linyi County, Shanxi Province would lead about 700 p upils in the playground in a synchronised “ghost shuffle” routine—a dance that incorporates contemporary jazz steps with heel, toe and arm movements. The bold headmaster thought the fun and energetic exercise routine would better encourage students to get active instead of “being glued to their mobile phones”.

The school’s new 30-minute dance routine has replaced the government-imposed broadcast callisthenics programme, a short workout that has been a requirement at every primary, middle and secondary schoo l in China since 1951. “I thought we needed a change because the students have been losing interest in doing the broadcast callisthenics routine,” Zhang told the Southern Metropolis News.

The dedicated principal said he came across a group of people doing the “ghost shuffle” routine at a public plaza last summer and decided to learn the dance himself. “I thought the dance would be great for kids,” he said. “The music is full of energy and it really gets the happy feeling of flowing.” In October, he introduc ed the choreographed(编排的)routine to all of his students and shortly after, even teachers and staff were joining in. “Now the students aren’t constantly on their phones. I sometimes catch them watching different dance routine videos and learning new moves!”the proud headmaster told reporters.

The video quickly went around on Chinese social media, with a Weibo topic page titled “principal leads students in ghost dance routine” gathering 250 million views. “This is perhaps the best adaptation of sport and ente rtainment for children,” a comment on Weibo read.

1.What can we know from the passage?

A.Zhang Pengfei is a primary school principal in south China.

B.Xiguan Primary School’s new 30-minute dance routine is both fun and energetic.

C.Doing the broadcast callisthenics routine is only required at primary schools in China.

D.Few people showed interest in Zhang Pengfei’s ghost dance routine video on Weibo.

2.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A.People hold a critical attitude towards the adaptation.

B.People hold an indifferent attitude towards the adaptation.

C.People hold a negative attitude towards the adaptation.

D.People hold a supportive attitude towards the adaptation.

3.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A.A famous primary school principal:Zhang Pengfei

B.Traditional callisthenics programmes in China

C.A Chinese principal leads students in a “ghost shuffle” routine

D.An Internet celebrity in China

4.From which part of a magazine can we read this passage?

A.Agriculture.

B.Technology.

C.Economy.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f115073566.html,cation.

参考答案：BDCD

2021届高考英语基础核心词汇讲与练（三）

一：阅读美文赏析

Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple

菠萝≠松树+苹果

Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? I hadn't, until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. There isn't. This

made me realize that there's no egg in eggplant, either. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn.

For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo. And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus! While we're doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don't get homesick when we get back home. And speaking of home, why aren't homework and housework the same thing?

If "hard" is the opposite of "soft", why are "hardly" and "softly" not an opposing pair? If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same? When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say "it's raining" or "it's snowing". But when we see sunshine, we can't say "it's sunshining".

Even the smallest of words can be confusing. When you see the capitalized "WHO" in a medical report, do you read it as the "who" in "Who's that?" What about "IT" and "US"？

You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!

English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends.

参考译文

你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常在学习英语方面有困难？我从未想过这个问题，直到有一天，我五岁的儿子问我hamburger(汉堡包)里是否有ham(火腿)。答案是没有。这让我意识到eggplant(茄子)里也没有egg(鸡蛋)。pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)，也没有apple(苹果)。这让我陷入思考：对于学习者而言，英语到底可以有多疯狂呢？

例如，我们可以在闲暇时雕刻一座雕像(sculpt a sculpture)、画一幅画(paint a painting)，但我们只能拍一张照片(take a photo)。旅行时，我们坐汽车或出租车时是说坐在里面(in)，但是坐火车或公共汽车时却要说坐在上面(on)！同样，我们会在海上晕船(seasick at sea)、在飞机晕机(airsick in the air)、在车里晕车(carsick in a car)，但回到家里我们却不会"晕家"(homesick，实际意为"想家的，思乡的")。说到家，为什么homework(家庭作业)和

housework(家务)(这两个英语单词看起来很像意思却)不是一回事呢？

如果说hard(硬)是soft(软)的反义词，为什么hardly(几乎不)和softly(柔和地，轻柔地)却不是一对反义词呢？如果说harmless actions(无害的行为)与harmful actions(有害的行为)意思相反，为什么无耻的行为(shameless behaviors)和可耻的行为(shameful behaviors)反而是一回事？当我们望向窗外，看到雨(rain)或雪(snow)时，我们可以说正在下雨(it's raining)或正在下雪(it's snowing)。但当我们看到阳光(sunshine)时，我们不能说"正在下阳光"(it's sunshining)。

即使是最短小的单词都让人费解。当你在医学报告中看到大写的WHO时，你会把它读为Who's that?中的who吗？那么"IT"和"US"又该怎么读呢？

你也会对英语这门语言独有的疯狂感到惊奇。在英语里，房子烧成灰烬时，可以说burn up(字面意思是"烧上去")，也可以说burn down(字面意思是"烧下去")；填表时，你可以说fill in a form(字面意思是"填入表里")，也可以说fill out a form(字面意思是"填到表外")；而且只有闹钟走了(go off字面意思是"离开")以后你才能听到铃声！

英语是人创造的，不是计算机发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。这就是为什么stars are out(星星出现了)时，我们能看到星星，而当lights are out(灯光熄灭)时，我们却看不到灯光。这也是当我wind up my watch(给手表上紧发条)以后表针开始走，而我wind up this passage(将本文收尾)后这篇文章结束的原因。

二：重点字词解析

1. trouble

英[?tr?bl] 美[?tr?bl]

n. 问题；忧虑；困难；苦恼；疾病；疼痛；(机器、车辆等的)故障

v. 使忧虑；使烦恼；使苦恼；劳驾；费神；麻烦；费事；费力

第三人称单数：troubles 复数：troubles 现在分词：troubling 过去式：troubled 过去分词：troubled

2. ham

英[h?m] 美[h?m]

n. 火腿；火腿肉；无线电通讯爱好者；拙劣演员(尤指表演过火者)

3. hamburger

英[?h?mb??ɡ?(r)] 美[?h?mb??rɡ?r]

n. 汉堡包；汉堡牛肉饼

4. realize

英[?ri??la?z] 美[?ri??la?z]

v. 理解；领会；认识到；意识到；实现；将…变为现实；(所担心的事)发生，产生

5. eggplant

英[?eɡplɑ?nt] 美[?eɡpl?nt]

n. 茄子

6. pine

英[pa?n] 美[pa?n]

n. 松树；松木

v. (因死亡、离别) 难过，悲伤

7. pineapple

英[?pa?n?pl] 美[?pa?n?pl]

n. 菠萝；凤梨

8. crazy

英[?kre?zi] 美[?kre?zi]

adj. 不理智的；疯狂的；愚蠢的；傻的；非常气愤；热衷的；狂热的

n. 疯子

9. sculpt

英[sk?lpt] 美[sk?lpt]

v. 雕刻；雕塑；使具有某种形状

10. sculpture

英[?sk?lpt??(r)] 美[?sk?lpt??r]

n. 雕像；雕塑品；雕刻品；雕刻术；雕塑术

v. 雕刻；雕塑；刻出，雕成

第三人称单数：sculptures 复数：sculptures 现在分词：sculpturing 过去式：sculptured 过去分词：sculptured

派生词：sculptural adj.

11. seasick

英[?si?s?k] 美[?si?s?k]

adj. 晕船

派生词：seasickness

12. airsick

英[?e?s?k] 美[?ers?k]

adj. 晕机

派生词：airsickness n.

13. carsick

英[?kɑ?s?k] 美[?kɑ?rs?k]

adj. 晕车

派生词：carsickness

14. homesick

英[?h??ms?k] 美[?ho?ms?k]

adj. 思乡的；想家的；患怀乡病的

派生词：homesickness n.

15. opposite

英[??p?z?t] 美[?ɑ?p?z?t]

adj. 对面的；另一边的；相反的；迥然不同的

n. 对立的人(或物)；对立面；反面

prep. 与……相对；在……对面；与……合演；与……联袂演出

adv. 在对面，对过

16. opposing

英[??p??z??] 美[??po?z??]

adj. 对立的；相竞争的；对抗的；相反的；极不相同的

v. 反对(计划、政策等)；抵制；阻挠；(在竞赛中)与……对垒，与……角逐oppose的现在分词

17. harmless

英[?hɑ?ml?s] 美[?hɑ?rml?s]

adj. 无害的；不会导致损伤的；不会引起不快的；无恶意的

派生词：harmlessly adv. harmlessness n.

18. harmful

英[?hɑ?mfl] 美[?hɑ?rmfl]

adj. (尤指对健康或环境)有害的，导致损害的

派生词：harmfully adv. harmfulness n.

19. action

英[??k?n] 美[??k?n]

n. 行动；行为过程；所做之事；行为；诉讼；起诉

v. 务必做，确保处理(某事)

第三人称单数：actions 复数：actions 现在分词：actioning 过去式：actioned

20. shameless

英[??e?ml?s] 美[??e?ml?s]

adj. 无耻的；没廉耻的；不要脸的

派生词：shamelessly adv. shamelessness n.

记忆技巧：shame 羞耻+ less 无……的→ 无耻的

21. behavior

英[b?'he?vj?(r)] 美[b?'he?vj?r]

n. 行为；性能；表现；(生物的)习性

22. confusing

英[k?n?fju?z??] 美[k?n?fju?z??]

adj. 难以理解的；不清楚的

v. 使糊涂；使迷惑；(将……)混淆，混同；使更难于理解

confuse的现在分词

派生词：confusingly adv.

23.capitalize

英[?k?p?t?la?z] 美[?k?p?t?la?z]

v. 用大写字母书写(或印刷)；把……首字母大写；变卖资产；变现；为……提供运营资本(或资金)

第三人称单数：capitalizes 现在分词：capitalizing 过去式：capitalized 过去分词：capitalized 24. wonder

英[?w?nd?(r)] 美[?w?nd?r]

v. 想知道；想弄明白；琢磨；礼貌地提问或请人做事时说；感到诧异；非常惊讶

n. 惊讶；惊奇；惊异；惊叹；奇迹；奇观；奇事；奇妙之处；能人；奇才；有特效的东西第三人称单数：wonders 复数：wonders 现在分词：wondering 过去式：wondered 过去分词：wondered

25. unique

英[ju?ni?k] 美[ju?ni?k]

adj. 唯一的；独一无二的；独特的；罕见的；(某人、地或事物)独具的，特有的

派生词：uniquely adv. uniqueness n.

26. madness

英[?m?dn?s] 美[?m?dn?s]

n. 精神失常；疯狂；(会带来危险的)癫狂，愚蠢行为

27. burn up

英[b??n ?p] 美[b??rn ?p]

烧毁；烧光；消耗；耗费

28. burn down

英[b??n da?n] 美[b??rn da?n]

焚毁；(使)烧成平地

29. alarm

英[??lɑ?m] 美[??lɑ?rm]

n. 惊恐；惊慌；恐慌；警报；警报器

v. 使惊恐；使害怕；使担心；给(门等)安装警报器

第三人称单数：alarms 复数：alarms 现在分词：alarming 过去式：alarmed 过去分词：alarmed 30. reflect

英[r??flekt] 美[r??flekt]

v. 反映；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；显示，表明，表达(事物的自然属性或人们的态度、情感等)

31. creativity

英[?kri?e??t?v?ti] 美[?kri?e??t?v?ti]

n. 创造力；创造性

32. visible

英[?v?z?bl] 美[?v?z?bl]

adj. 看得见的；可见的；明显的；能注意到的

33. invisible

英[?n?v?z?bl] 美[?n?v?z?bl]

adj. 看不见的；隐形的；无形的(与服务而非商品有关)

n. 看不见的人

34. wind up

英[?wa?nd ?p] 美[?wa?nd ?p]

给(钟表等)上发条；给……上弦；完成；停止；关停，关闭(企业或其他组织)；最终沦落到；最终落得；(以……)告终；摇上(车窗等)；故意惹恼；挑衅；骗；哄骗

三：阅读针对性训练

High levels of chocolate consumption might be associated with a one third reduction in the risk of developing heart disease, suggests a study published online in the British Medical Journal. The findings confirm the results of existing studies that generally agree on a potential beneficial link between chocolate consumption and heart health. However, the authors stress that further studies are needed to test whether chocolate actually causes this reduction or if it can be explained by some other unmeasured factors.

The World Health Organization predicts that by 2030, nearly 236 million people will die from heart disease. However, lifestyle and diet are key factors in preventing heart disease, says the paper. A number of recent studies have shown that eating chocolate has a positive influence on human health due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This includes reducing blood pressure and improving insulin sensitivity.

However, the evidence about how eating chocolate affects your heart still remains unclear. So, Dr Oscar Franco and colleagues from the University of Cambridge carried out a large scale of review of the existing evidence to evaluate the effects of eating chocolate on cardiovascular(心血管的)events like heart attacks and strokes.

They analyzed the results of seven studies, involving over 100,000 participants with and without existing heart disease. For each study, they compared the group with the highest chocolate consumption and the group with the lowest consumption.

Five studies reported a beneficial link between higher levels of chocolate consumption and the r isk of cardiovascular events. They found that the “highest levels of chocolate consumption were associated with a 37% reduction in cardiovascular disease and a 29% reduction in strokes compared with the lowest levels”. No significant reduction was found in relation to heart failure.

The authors say the findings need to be interpreted with caution, in particular because commercially available chocolate is very calorific(around 500 calories for every 100 grams)and eating too much of it could lead to weight gain, the risk of diabetes and heart disease.

However, they conclude that given the health benefits of eating chocolate, initiatives to reduce the current fat and sugar content in most chocolate products should be explored.

1.Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?

A.There used to be studies about the beneficial link between chocolate consumption and heart health.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f115073566.html,lions of people will die from heart disease according to the WHO.

C.There are still other factors that may reduce the risk of heart disease.

D.There is clear evidence about how eating chocolate affects your heart.

2 .What are the possible causes of heart disease?

A.Unhealthy diet.

B.Eating chocolate.

C. Exercising regularly.

D.Drinking coffee.

3.What’s the author’s atti tude towards the findings?

A.Doubtful.

B.Cautious.

C.Disapproving.

D.Negative.

4.If the author will go on writing, what is likely to be talked about?

A.We should eat less chocolate.

B.Chocolate benefits our health.

C.The ways to reduce the sugar and fat content in chocolate products.

D.When to eat chocolate is better for our health.

参考答案：DABC

2021届高考英语基础核心词汇讲与练（四）