初中英语语法归类

英语语法归类

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2 、There be(is/are)

用法：“就近原则”，此句形有事态变化，改一般疑问句时，be提前。

3、have/has got(拥有……)

主语是第三人称单数时，用has

4、一般现在时：主+动（1、原形；2、动词的第三人称单数形式）

5不可数名词：米饭rice,水water,牛奶milk,钱money,时间time,面包bread,肉meat,果汁juice,巧克力chocolate

6、星期:星期一:Monday;星期二:Tuesday;星期三:Wednesday;星期四:Thursday;星期五:Friday;星期六:Saturday;星期日:Sunday ７、家庭成员：女儿daughter；儿子son；姨妈aunt;侄子cousin；叔叔uncle;爸爸father；妈妈mother；爷爷grandfather ;奶奶grandmother；哥哥brother；姐姐sister

8、各种动词的不规则复数变化

roof-roofs;scarf-scarfs(scarves);man-men;woman-women;

child-children; foot-feet;tooth-teeth;mouse-mice;

fish,sheep,deer等单词单复数同行;cangroo,bamboo的复数直接加s.

９、基数词变序数词

one-first;two-second;three-third;four-fourth;five-fifth; six-sixth;seven-seventh;eight-eighth;nine-ninth;

twelve-twelfth;sixteen-sixteenth;twenty-twentieth;

sixty-sixtieth

１０、名词所有格

⑴直接加’s

⑵以s结尾的复数名词直接加’

⑶不以s结尾的复数名词加’s

⑷共同所有的两个名词作主语时，在后一个名词结尾加’s

１１、后面可以跟doing的词

like; enjoy;keep;remember;forget;hate;stop;practice;require suggestion;finish；go on doing sth

１２、现在进行时

⑴主+be+doing（主动）；主+be being+done(被动)

⑵动词现在分词的变化规则

①动词+ing

②以e结尾的，去e加ing

③以元音+辅音结尾的，双写结尾辅音字母+ing

④以ie结尾的，变ie为y加ing

１３、一般将来时

⑴will/shall+do

⑵be going to+do

１４、一般过去时

⑴主+动（动词的过去时）[主动]

主+be+done[被动]

⑵变化

①动词+ed

②以e结尾的加d

③以元音+辅音结尾的，双写辅音字母+ed

１５、比较级(+er)，最高级(+est)

⑴the+比较级……the+比较级：越……就越……

⑵excellent;favourite;perfect;final;right没有比较级

⑶构成：A+谓+比较级+than+B

⑷as+形容词（原级）+as{和……一样};not so+形容词（原级）+as

⑸变化：good/well—better—best;little—less—least;

many/much—more—most;bad/badiy—worse—morst;

far—farther(further)—farthest(furthest)

１６、现在完成时

⑴构成：have/has+done(主动)

have/has been+done(被动)

⑵现在完成时的标志词：just; already; yet; since; for;before; never;recently;ever; in the past/last;so far;once;twice

１７、过去进行时

⑴构成：be(was/were)+doing[主动]

be(was/were)+being+done[被动]

⑵标志词：then;at this time;yesterday;at that time;at that moment;at ten;yesterday morning;from 8 to 10;the whole afternoon

１８、常用的系动词

look; taste; sound; feel; smell

１９、双宾语

⑴结构：主语+及物动词+直接宾语+to(for)[介词]+间接宾语

⑵用to引出的词：pass;give;show;tell;lend;lake

⑶用for引出的词：buy;cook;get;sing;make

２０、动词不定式

⑴作主语：it is+名词/形容词+动词不定式

⑵作宾语：用于decide; wait; hope;choose; agree;plan;learn; seem;refuse;want;wish之后

⑶作宾语补足语：用于want;advice;hate;help;tell;wish;ask之后

⑷作状语：表达目的、结果等

２１、情态动词

⑴can/could:两者表示可能，能，可以。一般情况下，could为can 的过去式，此外could可以①提出委婉的请求，但回答时不用could，而用can;②在否定句或疑问句中表示推测怀疑。

⑵may/might: ①might可指代过去，也可指代现在，may只能指代现在，当might指代现在时，比may更委婉客气，表示允许；②表示可能性时，might表示的可能性比may小。

⑶must: ①表示必须：否定形式用need not;don’t need to;don’t have to;②也可表示推测，“想必”“一定是”；③表示不允许：禁止做的，用mustn’t

２２、基本句型（六种）

⑴主语+系动词+表语

⑵主语+谓语（不及物动词）+状语

⑶主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+状语

⑷主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语+状语

⑸主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语+状语

⑹there be+主语+状语

２３、宾语从句

⑴引导词that表示肯定，其他（wether,if）表示否定。一般that 可以省略

⑵宾语从句应用陈述语序

⑶时态：

①如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词根据需要，选择相应的时态。

②如果主句是过去时，从句也用相应的过去时态

③如果宾语从句所表达的是客观事实、自然现象，不管主句用什么时态，从句都用现在时。

２４、动词不定式与v.ing

⑴动此后只能跟动词不定式的词：want; wish; hope; manage; promise; refuse;plan;offer;decide;agree

⑵只能跟v.ing的词：avoid; enjoy; finish; imagine; keep; practice;suggest

⑶即可跟动词不定式，又可跟v.ing的词，且二者意义无明显区别的：begin;continue;hate;like;love;start

⑷即可跟动词不定式，又可跟v.ing的词，但二者意义有明显区别的：forget;remember;stop

⑸特殊：①在allow;advise等动词后直接跟v.ing形式作宾语；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后要用动词不定式作宾语补足语；②在look forward to;pay attention to;be/get used to;thanks for 等固定短语后，必须用v.ing形式。

２５、if从句

⑴if引导的状语，即可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。

⑵在if从句中，当if表示将来的条件时，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时（主将从现）。

２６、直接引语和间接引语

⑴有四种类型：①当直接引语为陈述句时，变为间接引语用that引导（通常that可省略）；②直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语用if或whether引导,间接引语用陈述语序；③直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，用原来的疑问词引导，间接引语用陈述语序；④直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用动词不定式。

⑵三种变化：

⑴人称的变化：直接引语中的第一人称变为间接引语时，与主句的主语人称一致；直接引语的第二人称变为间接引语时，与主句中的宾语一致；直接引语中的第三人称变为间接引语时保持不变，总结就是“一主二宾三不变”

⑵时态的变化：如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时台不变；若主句是一般过去时，间接引语常变为相应的过去时态，就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，一般将来时变为过去将来时，一般过去时变为过去完成时。注意：如果转述的内容为根古不变的真理，事实时，时态不变。

⑶词的变化：①指示代词：this-that;these-those;②时间状语：today—thatday;yesterday—the day before;tomorrow—the next/following day;the day after tomorrow—two days later/in two days time; ③地点状语：here—there;④动词：come—go.

２７、状语从句

⑴时间状语从句：①引导词：when;while;as;before;after;as soon as;until;②若主句为一般将来时或过去将来时，从句用一般现在时或一般过去时；主句表示的是一个短暂性动词时，从句表示的是一个持续性动词。（此时when;while都可用）；until用在肯定句中时，主句中谓语动词常用延续性动词，有在否定句中时，主句中的谓语动词通常是瞬间性动词。

⑵原因状语从句：①引导词：because;②because引导原因状语从句时，不能与so连用。

⑶目的状语从句：①引导词so that②从句常用may;might,can,could 等情态动词，可以用in order to转换成简单句

⑷结果状语从句：①引导词：so;so…that;such…that;②so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词。

⑸让步状语从句：①引导词:though;although;even if/though;②这些词或短语引导让步状语从句时，不能和but连用。

２８、被动语态

⑴各种时态的构成

①一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done

②一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+done;

③一般将来时的被动语态：will be+done;

④现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been+done;

⑤情态动词的被动语态：should/can/must(其它情态动词)+be+done;

⑵在某些情况下，虽表示被动意义，却不使用被动语态：①某些感官

动词：taste;feel;sound;look;smell…用主动形式表示被动意义；

②一些动词：wash;sell,drink,wear…用主动形式表示被动意义。

２９、关系代词引导的定语从句

⑴who,whom指人，who在从句中即可作主语，又可作宾语，whom只

能作宾语。

⑵which指物，在从句中即可作主语，又可作宾语。

⑶that即可指人，也可以指物；从句中即可作主语，又可作宾语。

⑷whose在从句中作主语，先行词即可以是人，也可以是物，表示某

种所属关系。

▲关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称、数量必

须和先行词保持一致。

▲关系代词在从句中作宾语时，通常可以省略。

３０、主谓一致

⑴要遵循三条原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则

⑵语法一致：主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数；主语是单数，谓语动

词就用单数，但有以下规则：

①用and或both…and…连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用

复数；

②主语的修饰语对主语和谓语之间的关系一般不影响，特别是接as

well as; along with; together with；rather than;except;

including；besid等插入语时，谓语与主语保持一致

③有些代词只指单数，当它们单独作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形

式:somebody; someone; something; anyone; anything; anybody; everyone; everything; everybody; no one;nothing;nobody;

④⑷plenty of; half of; a lot of; lots of+名词作主语时，谓

语动词通常与of后面的名词或代词保持一致。

⑶意义一致：主语形式上为单数或复数，但意义为复数或单数，因此

谓语动词用复数或单数。

①某些集合名词：crowd;family;team;group,goverment;class作主

语时，谓语动词形形式根据所指内容而定，当它们指一个集体单位时，

用单数形式。但如果指其中各个成员时，用复数形式。

②某些表示总体意义的名词：people;police,形式上是单数，意义上

是复数，故谓语动词用复数。

③某些名词：news;physics形式上是复数，意义上是单数，谓语动

词用单数

④表示重量、度量、衡量、价钱等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单

数。

⑷就近一致：

①由连词or；not only…but also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的形式与它靠近的主语一致。

②在there be结构中，谓语动词形式一般也采取就近原则。

３１、常用的动词形式

⑴do some:reading;shopping;sightseeing;cleaning

⑵have:a picnic;a swims;a haircut

⑶go:cycling;shopping;for a walk;for a ride

⑷stay:at home;in bed

⑸famous:be famousfor;be famous as

⑹strict:be strict with;be strict in sth

易混知识(英语)

1、arrive in和arrive at的区别

arrive in：到达大地方

arrive at：到达小地方

2、感叹句

what +a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语动词

what+形容词+复数名词（不可数名词）+主语+谓语动词

how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语动词

3、an unforgetful experience:一次难忘的经历

4、“so+助动词+主语”和“so+主语+助动词”的区别

so+助动词+主语：……也一样

so+主语+助动词：的确如此

5、a+序数词：表示：再一个，又一个

6、be动词后面跟形容词：表示少时，可数用few，不可数用little

7、询问频度用”how often”

8、表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母后加s

9、be used to doing sth：习惯做某事

used to do sth：过去常常做某事

10、a number of:大量（谓语用复数）

the number of：……的数量（谓语用单数）

11、much too：太……，如太忙：much too busy

too much :太多

12、表示一直在做某事用进行时态

13、some time:某个时间 sometimes：有时

some times：很多次

14、用and连接两个句子时，肯定用：and 否定用：or

15、often（经常）的反义词seldom（很少）

16、表示某一个特定的早上，中午，晚上（时间类）用介词on

17、对一段时间提问，用how long

18、去某地又带来的东西用：fetch;直接带来的用：carry

19、go ahead直接向前走 you bet当然可以

That’s all到此为止 extra额外的

as long as只要 stay the same保持一致

20、花费：主语是物用：cost

21、safely：安全的 safe：安全的 safety：安全

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初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全初中英语语法学习提纲一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如： He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：

初中英语语法大全

初中英语语法大全名词一名词的定义：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。二名词的分类：名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。注意专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。名词的种类注意物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。（三）名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式： 1.单数英语中，如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时，要用名词的单数

形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。 There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子 an new orange （×）→ a new orange （○）一个新橘子 a desk a old desk （×）→ an old desk （○）一张旧课桌关键字：初中英语语法大全初中英语语法总结初中英语语法辅导英语语法大全名词复数名词所有格复数冠词抽象名词 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前，如a book，a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前，如an egg，an apple。注意有时a，an后面紧接的不是单数名词，而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时，要看形容词开头字母的发音，而不是看名词。 2.复数

初中英语语法专项练习题及答案.doc

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初中英语语法知识—名词的分类汇编附答案

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一、选择题 1．When did your father your mother? A．marry B．marry to C．marry with D．get married 2．—________ Mary________ fruit? —Of course. A．Is; like B．Does; likes C．Does; like D．Do; likes 3．Coffee is ready. How nice it ______! Would you like some? A．looks B．smells C．sounds D．feels 4．A group of little ducks __________ their mother into the river and swim away. A．follow B．miss C．help D．cross 5．Our school basketball team ________ in the final of the basketball competition. Another team from No.5 Middle School ________ doing very well too. A．is; isn’t B．are; aren’t C．is; are D．are; is 6．—What will the weather _______tomorrow? — It is going to_______ . A．be like; rainy B．be like; rain C．like; rain D．like; rainy 7．—How much ________ this pair of shoes? —Five dollars. A．am B．is C．are D．be 8．—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A．buys B．looks C．finds 9．—I am feeling ill. What should I do? — eating junk food and breakfast every day. A．Stop; having B．Stop; have C．To stop; have. D．To stop; to have 10．—Do you know whom they will have ________the parts of car together?—Sorry,I have no idea. A．fix B．fixed C．to fix D．fixing 11．Karen and Helen _______ my brother's friends. I know _______. A．is; her B．are; them C．are; her D．is; them 12．Many students are so crazy about mobile games that they lose interest in their schoolwork, which _________ their parents and teachers a lot. A．worries about B．is worried about C．worries D．is worried 13．Their eyes __________blue, but ours_________black. A．are; are B．is; are C．are; is . D．are; is 14．— Tom in the library? —Yes,and his friends Eric and Dale in the library,too. A．Is;are B．Is;is C．Are;is 15．—Who are you _______? — My mother.

初中英语语法练习题练习及答案全

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D. potatoe ( ) 3 _____are____for cutting things. A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using ( ) 4 What big____ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes ( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree___. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave ( ) 6 -Can we have some ___? -Yes, please. A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear

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He is a good boy. ---He is not a good boy. 2,在句中有can等的情态动词的时候,在can的后面加not. He can play football---He can not play football. 3,在句中没有be和can的时候,在句子的最前面加do,does(现单三) He plays football---He doesn’t play football. I play football---I don’t play football. 肯定句变成一般疑问句 1,在句中有be的时候,把be放在句子的最前面,其他的不变 He is a good boy.---Is he a good boy? 2,在句中有can等的情态动词的时候,把can放在句子的最前面,其他的不变. He can play football.---Can he play football? 3,在句中没有be和can的时候,把do,does(现单三)放在句子的最前面,其他的不变.动词变成原形. He plays football.-----Does he play football? They play football.---Do they play football?

初中英语语法专项练习题汇编

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初中英语语法知识—动词的分类汇编

一、选择题 1．Karen and Helen _______ my brother's friends. I know _______. A．is; her B．are; them C．are; her D．is; them 2．Kay looked _________ at the guests who said that the food she cooked tasted _________. A．happily; wonderfully B．happily; wonderful C．happy; wonderful D．happy; wonderfully 3．I don’t have a baseball, but Alan A．do B．does C．have D．has 4．—Listen! I can hear someone __________ for help. —Is there __________? A．calling; anything wrong B．call; anything wrong C．calling; wrong anything D．call; wrong anything 5．Our school basketball team ________ in the final of the basketball competition. Another team from No.5 Middle School ________ doing very well too. A．is; isn’t B．are; aren’t C．is; are D．are; is 6．—Why ______ you so busy these days? —Because they arrived ______ London ______ the morning of July1. A．are; in , in B．are; in , on C．do; on , in D．do; at , on 7．A number of visitors ________visiting our school. The number of them________ about 180. A．is;are B．are; is C．is; is D．are; are 8．—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A．buys B．looks C．finds 9．This is a photo of my grandpa. He young A．looks B．feels C．sounds D．hears 10．Lily and Lucy _______ their mother. They have big eyes and yellow hair. A．like both B．both are like C．both like D．are both like 11．—He’s never been late for school. —________________. A．So have I B．So am I C．Neither have I D．Nor am I 12．In the past he often made his sister____, but now he is often made ___by his sister. A．to cry; to cry B．cry; cry C．to cry; cry D．cry; to cry 13．This my sister and those my brothers. A．is, is B．are, are C．is, are 14．— Tom in the library? —Yes,and his friends Eric and Dale in the library,too. A．Is;are B．Is;is C．Are;is

初中英语语法知识—形容词的分类汇编含解析(1)

一、选择题 1．The result is ________ worse than we thought! A．more B．even C．great D．much more 2．I looked at a few printers, and among them the one from China was ________ to use. A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．the easiest 3．Rowan was listed in the top 50 ________ people ever by a group of comedians. A．funny B．funnier C．funniest D．the funniest 4．We are covering these ____________ girls’ wonderful performances ______ . A．lively; live B．lively; alive C．alive; live D．alive; living 5．I'm surprised that Jenny is 42. I thought she was , for she seems to be in her thirties. A．younger B．older C．young D．old 6．- Do you like the western food, Li Li? - No, I think Chinese food is______ than that of western countries. A．more delicious B．the most delicious C．not as delicious D．much delicious 7．- I’m very tired these days because of this exam. - Why not listen to music? It can make you ______. A．relaxed B．sad C．scared D．bored 8．—Good news! We will have a ________ holiday. —I’ve heard of it. But it’s coming in ________. A．three days; three days’ time B．three days’; three days’ C．three-day; three days D．three days; three-day time 9．Some students are so . They often make mistakes in their homework. A．careful B．serious C．careless D．successful 10．—We planted some trees in the park on Tree Planting Day. —Good! It helps to make our city __________. A．more cleaner B．less cleaner C．more beautiful D．less beautiful 11．—I really like to watch the TV program I AM A SINGER. —Me, too. It’s one of the ________ TV programs I’ve ever seen. A．least boring B．least interesting C．most boring D．most interesting 12．You are doing great! I’ve never had ___________ answer before. A．better B．best C．a better D．the best 13．—What do you think of the TV series All is well? —Oh, I am so moved because I’ve never seen a_________ one before． A．better B．worse C．good D．bad 14．Julia is very clever．In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has_______ IQ．

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她父亲是个医生，她母亲是个老师。I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasn't interested in it.我非常喜欢这个故事，可是李明却对它不感兴趣。 Hurry up，or you'll be late. 快点，否则你就会迟到的。 3复合句句型：主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句（包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句，或只包含一个从句，但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句。）句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分： 1主语主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in No.1 Middle School.（讲述“谁”～）我们在一中学习。 The classroom is very clean. （讲述“什么”很干净）这间教室很干净。 Three were absent.（数词作主语）