法院实用英语词汇

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法院实用英语词汇

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) 联合国国际法院

Jurisdiction审判权司法权

the UN Security Council 联合国安全理事会veto power 否决权

Command theory 指挥理论

customary law 习惯法

jus cogens 强行法

adjourn：延期再审

alibi：不在现场证明

appeal：上诉

appear (in court)：出庭

bailiff：庭丁，(法庭)警卫

by-law：条例，细则

clause：法律条款

defendant：被告

dismerit(traffic offense point)：（交通违规记）缺点

driving under influence：嗑药后驾驶

driving while intoxicated (DWI)：酒醉后驾驶evidence：证据

fine：罚锾

first offense：初犯

hear：(法官)审理

hit and run：肇事后逃离现场

illegal parking：违规停车

indict：起诉

jaywalking：违规穿越马路

judge：法官

negligent driving：不小心驾驶

parallel parking：平行停车

perjury：伪证

plead guilty [not guilty]：认罪[不认罪] preside：(法官)列席

recess：休庭

reckless driving：鲁莽驾驶

ruling：裁决

run the red light：闯红灯

speeding：驾车超速

take an oath：宣誓

testify：做证

traffic court：交通法庭

traffic regulations：交通规则traffic violation：交通违规

民商法学与经济法学专业词汇

按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment

办理注销登记：cancel the registration

被代理人：the principal

被侵权人the infringed

本人名义：in one’s name

标的subject matter

补偿制度compensation system

不动产登记制Lot and Block System

财产法property law

财产的添附accretion of property; property accession

财产抵押权 property mortgage

财产继承权：the right of inheritance 财产关系和人身关系：property relations hips and personal relationships

财产管理人 property administrator; cu stodian of property

财产混同 confusion; hotchpot

财产留置权 encumbrance

采用书面形式：in writing

仓单 warehouse voucher

草签合同 initial a contract; sign a r eferendum contract; ad referendum con tract

长期合同 long-term contract

偿付能力 solvency capability of reimb ursement

超越代理权：beyond the scope of on e’s power of agency

撤消合同cancellation of contract

撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract

撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation

撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer

撤销遗赠 cancellation o will; revocat ioni of will

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承运人 actual fault of the carrier

承运人的留置权carrier’s lien

诚信原则 principle of good faith

诚实信用原则：principle honesty and cr edibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bo na fide principle

船舶承租人 charterer

船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with res pect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage

船舶抵押权的设定 establishment of mor tgage of the ship

船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship

船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship m ortgage

船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of s hip

村民委员会：the village committee

惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages

乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unf avorable position

处分财产 dispose of properties

处分权 act of disposition

处分原则 principle of disposition

代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by

代理权终止：the expiration of one’s p ower of agency

单独承担的责任 undivided responsibili ty

单方法律行为unilateral obligation

单方行政行为 unilateral administrativ e act

等价有偿：making compensation for equa l value

对等原则principle of reciprocity

对价consideration

对抗措施counter measure 对人权right in personam; personal rig ht

对世权 real right; right in rem

恶意串通：conspire maliciously

恶意行为ill will mala fides

法人 judicial person; legal body

法人的权利能力 legal capacity of juri stic person

法人的责任能力 capacity for responsib ility of juristic person

法人权限 corporate power

法人人格 corporate personality

法人身份 status of a legal person

法人团体 corporation

法人资格 corporate capacity

法人组织章程：the articles of associat ion of the legal person

负共同连带责任 liable jointly and sev erally

负全部责任 bear all responsibilities; in all charge

负有解释的义务 accountable

负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors

附带的条件 incident

附带要求 contingent claim

附带原因 contributory cause; inherent cause

附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civi l juristic acts

附条件的权利 conditional right

赋予权力 entitle

个体工商户：individual businesses

个人合伙：individual partnership

各尽所能，按劳分配 from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs

给付定金：leave a deposit with the oth er party

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工商行政管理机关：the administrative a gency for industry and commerce

公民基本义务 fundamental duties of ci tizens

合同contract

合同法contract law

合同副本 copies of the contract

合同规定 contract provisions/stipulat ions

合同履行地法 lex loci contractus

合同期限contract period (or contract term)

合同条款contract terms (or contract c lause)

合同有效期contract life

合同正本 originals of the contract

合伙人：partners

合议制 collegial system

核准登记的经营范围：within the range a pproved and registered

恢复原状 recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he origin al conditions; retitutio in integrum 集体所有制企业：an enterprise under co llective ownership

技术合同纠纷案件 controversy over a t echnology contract

监护人：guardian

经主管机关核准登记：approved and regis tered by the competent authority

居民委员会：the neighborhood committee 履行监护职责：fulfill duty of guardian ship

埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed ob ject

买卖、出租、抵押、转让：be sold, lease d, mortgaged or transferred

农村承包经营户：leaseholding farm hous eholds

平等主体：civil subjects with equal st atus

企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person

企业法人分立、合并：the division and m erger of an enterprise as legal perso n

企业法人解散：disbanding of an enterpr ise as legal person

契约自由 liberty of contract

取得不当得利：profits acquired imprope rly and without a lawful basis

取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person

全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people

让与 alien; alienate; assign; cede

让与的利益 benefit of cession

让与权 benefit of cessioni

设定义务的规则 rule of imposing duty

设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish, c hange or terminate civil relationship 所有权 ownership

书面合同 a written contract

双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in dou ble

双方法律行为 bilateral legal transact ion

擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）：alte r or rescind one’s act arbitrarily

他物权 right over the property of ano ther

提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a spec ific property as a pledge

违反合同breach of contract

委托代理：entrusted agency

委托代理人：an entrusted agent

无过错责任 liability without negligen ce

无民事行为能力人：a person having no c apacity for civil conduct

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无因管理：act as manager or provide se rvices in order to protect another pe rson’s interests when he is not legal ly or contractually obligated to do s o

下落不明one’s whereabouts have been unknown

限制民事行为能力人：a person with limi ted capacity for civil conduct

享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditors

行使代理权：exercise the power of agen cy

宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：declar e … to be a person t o be without or with limited capacity for civil condu ct

遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects, flotsam

以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优

先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offs et the debt or have priority in satis fying his claim out of the proceeds f rom the sale of the pledge

以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which co nceal illegitimate purposes

以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of che ating or coercion

意思表示show one’s intention

意思表示真实：the intention expressed is genuine

优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption 优先权 priority, preemptive right

有过错的一方：the erring party

有连带责任的 conjunctly and severally 有权向债务人追偿：have the right to cl aim repayment from the debto

造成财产损失：cause any property loss 责任能力 capacity for responsibility 责任年龄 capacity of responsibility; year of discretion

债的标的 object of obligation

债的发生 creation of obligation

债的消灭 extinction of obligation

占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor sh all have a lien on the property

指定代理：appointed agency

执行合同 carry out a contract, ex ecute/implement/fulfill/perform a con tract

主要办事机构：the main administrative office

追偿：claim compensation from

住所：domicile

刑法学和行政法学专业词汇

帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据罪 crime of ai ding a client to destroy or forge evi dence

绑架妇女儿童罪 crime of kidnapping wo men and children

包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪 crime of ha rboring a mafia-style syndicate

包庇毒品犯罪分子罪 crime of harboring drug criminals

报复陷害罪case of retaliation and fra me-ups

必要共同犯罪 indispensable joint crim e

并科原则 doctrine of cumulating punis hments

剥夺权利deprival of rights

不能犯 impossibility; unrealized offe nse

参加恐怖活动组织罪 crime of taking pa rt in an organization engaged in terr orist activities

超越管辖权 excess of jurisdiction

超越职权范围overstep one’s authority 惩办和宽大相结合combine punishment wi

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th leniency

惩办少数、改造多数的原则 principle of punishing the few and reforming the m any

惩罚措施 punitive measure

惩罚性制裁 punitive sanction

惩罚与教育相结合 combination of punis hment and education

处以刑罚 inflict punishment

处以有期徒刑 sentence to fixed-term i mprisonment

触犯法律 break the law; violate the l aw

抽逃出资罪 crime of flight of capital contribution

抽象行政行为 abstract administrative act

出口骗税犯罪活动 criminal activities of cheating out of tax rebates in exp ort

出售伪造发票罪 crime of selling count erfeit currency

出于对法律的无知 from ignorance of la w

出于恶意 from malevolence

从轻处罚 gie a lesser punishment

从重处罚 give a severer punishment

单位受贿罪 crime of bribe taken by a unit

单一犯罪构成 single constitution of c rime

盗伐林木罪 crime of illegally choppin g down trees; crime of illegally fell ing trees

盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪 crime o f stealing or seizing guns, ammunitio n or explosives

盗窃犯 theft act; larcenist

渎职犯罪案件case of dereliction of du ty

对象不能犯 object impossibility 多次作案 repeatedly commit crimes

罚不当罪 punishment does not fit the crime

犯意 criminal intent; mens real

犯罪低龄化 lowering ages of criminal offenders

犯罪动机 criminal motive

犯罪构成 constitution of a crime; con stitutive elements of a crime

犯罪构成要件 special constitutive ele ments of crime

犯罪故意 criminal intent; guilty inte nt; meas rea

犯罪集团 criminal gang; criminal grou p

犯罪客观要件 objective circumstances of a crime

犯罪客体 criminal object; object of a crime

犯罪实行终了 completion of a criminal act

犯罪学 criminology

犯罪预防 crime prevention

犯罪中止 discontinuance of crime; des istance of crime

犯罪主观方面要素 subjective elements of crime

犯罪主体 subject of crime

犯罪着手 initiate a crime

犯罪组织 criminal organization

贩卖毒品罪 drug offense; crime of dru g trafficking

防卫过当 unjustifiable self-defense 防卫挑拨 instigation of defense; prov ocation of defense

防卫限度 limit of defense

防止类似事件重演 prevent the recurren ce of similar incidents

妨碍公务罪 crime of disrupting public service

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妨害公共安全罪 crime of impairing pub lic security

放弃权利 withdraw a claim; waive a ri ght

非法持、私藏枪支、弹药罪 crime of ille gally holding or hiding a firearm or ammunition

非法持有毒品罪 crime of illegally hol ding drugs

非法干涉 illegal intervention

非法干预 unlawful interference

非法出售增值税专用发票罪 crime of ill egal selling invoice for exclusive us e of VAT

非法活动 unlawful activities

非法利益 unlawful interests

非法手段 illegal means

非强制性行政行为 non-coercive form of administrative action

非正式的 informal; irregular

非政府机关 non-governmental organizat ion

非主要条件 non-essential stipulation 非专业的 non-professional

诽谤罪 crime of defamation

隔地犯 offense of segregation by loca tion

隔时犯 offense of segregation by time 工具不能犯 impossibility of instrumen ts

故意犯罪 calculated crime; intentiona l crime

故意杀人罪 crime of intentional homic ide

故意伤害罪 crime of willful and malic ious injury

管辖：jurisdiction

惯犯 habitual criminal

惯例 custom and usage 过失犯罪 criminal negligence; involun tary crime; negligent crime

国家赔偿案件 case of state compensati on

国家赔偿的归责原则 principle of culpa bility for state compensation

国家赔偿的双重过错原则 principle of d ual faults for state compensation

国家赔偿法 state compensation law

国家赔偿主体 subject of state compens ation

国家权力机关 state authority

国际审判机关 state judicial organs

国家行政机关 state administrative org ans

国家意志state’s will

国家职能 function of the state

国民待遇 national treatment

黑社会性质的犯罪集团 gangland crimina l syndicate; mafia-style criminal gan g

缓期二年执行 with a two-year reprieve 缓刑 probate cessat executio

集合犯 aggregate offense; collective offense

既遂犯 accomplished crime

继承法 inheritance law

继续犯 continuous crime

加重处罚 give an aggravated punishmen t beyond the maximum prescribed

假冒他人注册商标罪 crime of counterfe iting the registered trademark of ano ther

假释 parole

假想防卫 imaginative defense

假想数罪 imaginatively several crimes 简单共同犯罪 simple joint crime

间接故意 indirect intent; indirect ii ntentino

教唆未遂 attempt of solicitation

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劫持船只、汽车罪 crime of hijacking a ship or an automobile

劫持航空器罪 crime of skyjacking

结果犯 consequential offen

结果加重犯 aggregated consequential o ffense

结合犯 combinative crime; integrated offense se

拒不执行人民法院判决、裁定罪 crime of refusing o execute judgments or order s of the People’s Court

具结悔过 make a statement of repenten ce

具体行政行为 specific administrative act

具体罪名concrete accusation

绝对不确定法定刑 absolutely indetermi nate statutory punishment

军人违反职责罪 crimes of soldiers vio lating military dutie

抗税罪 offense of resisting taxes

客体不能犯 object impossibility

空白罪状 blank facts about a crime

滥伐林木罪 crime of illegal denudatio n

累犯 recidivist; repeat offender; cum ulative offense

连续犯罪 continuing crime

量刑 criterion for sentencing; senten cing criterion

量刑不当 criterion for sentence

量刑幅度 extent for discretionary act ion of sentencing

虐待罪 crime of abusing member of on e’s family

挪用公款案 case of misappropriation o f public funds

偶犯 casual offender; casual offense

情节加重犯 aggravated offense by circ umstances 情节特别严重 when the circumstances a re particularly wicked

情节严重、构成犯罪的 when the circumst ances are so serious as to constitute a crime

取保候审 post a bail and await trial with restricted liberty of moving

扰乱公共场所秩序罪 crime of disturbin g order at public places

刑法 criminal law

刑罚 penalty; punishment

刑事责任能力 criminal capacity

行政法 administrative law; executive law

行政法规 administrative laws and regu lations

行政法学 administrative jurisprudence 行政解释 administrative interpretatio n

行政救济 administrative remedy

预防犯罪 anti-crime

治安管理 security administration

治安条例 security regulations

法律专业词汇中英对照之A,B

action of debt 债务诉讼

acquit 无罪

adjourn 暂时停止执行

administrative decision 行政判决结果ad damnum 主张一定数额的赔偿金adverse judgement 不利的判决

affidavit 传票送达人所写的切结书

affirm 确定原判决

affirm defence 积极的抗辩

agency stage 行政机关的裁决

agency hearing 听证会

allegation 主张的事实

american law 美国法

an ex parte hearing 一方当事人到庭说明

an adversary hearing 双方当事人到庭辩

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论

answer 答辩状

appellate jurisdiction 上诉管辖权appeal 上诉

appellant 上诉人

appellee 被上诉人

appropriate 永久占有

arrest the judgement 暂时终止法院判决结果

arraignment 刑事案件法官与当事人之间安排案件的程序

assigned counsel 公设辩护人assumpsit 承诺履行

bailment 寄托制度

bail 保释

beyond the reasonable doubt 超越合理的怀疑

bill of Middlesex 早期诉讼当事人向国王秘书处申请的令状，同意发给后才能到国王法院进行诉讼

bailliff 法庭内的法警

bias 偏见

bench of conference 到法官室或法官面前进行会议

bond 提供担保

burden of proof 举证责任

case law 案例法

cause of action 起诉理由

chancellor 衡平法官

chancery division 衡平法庭

circuit court 巡回法院

civil law 大陆法

civil right act 人权法案

civil procedure 民事诉讼法

clerk 书记官

closing argument 诉讼结论

co－defedant 共同被告

common law 普通法、习惯法、一致法、共同法

compurgation 宣誓采证法

compurgatory 宣誓采证法中的证人complaint 起诉状

concurrent jurisdiction 竞合管辖权consideration 约因

consortium 婚姻生活权；配偶权；亲权contempt of court 藐视法庭罪

contract under seal 封印契约contributory negligence 加工过失corpus juris secundum 美国法律百科全书

counterclaim 反诉

court of common pleas 民诉法院

court of king's bench 王室法院court of exchequer 财务法院

court of exchequer chamber 财务上诉法院

country court 乡镇法院

court of common bench 民诉法院

court of chancery 衡平法院

court of justice of the peace 地方治安法院

court of probate 遗嘱继承法院

court of divorce 婚姻法院

court of appeal in chancery 衡平上诉法院

court of crown cases reserved 皇室上诉法院

court of assize 巡回法院

court of outside the united kingdom 英国境外各法院

court of first instance 第一审法院court of second instance 第二审法院court of the international trade 国际贸易法院

court of appeals for the federal circ uit 联邦巡回上诉法院

covenant 封印契约赔偿令状

cross claim 被告间诉讼

cross examnation 复向对方提出之证人curia regis 国王的法院

damages 损害赔偿

debt 返还确定金钱的令状

decree 衡平法院作成的判决

deductive reasoning 演绎法

default judgement 一造判决

defendant 被告