初中定语从句知识梳理

初中定语从句知识梳理

一、概念梳理

1.定语：定语是指修饰中代词、名词的成分，其形式可以为形容词、介词短语、句子等，翻译成“…的”。

先行词：被修饰的代词或名词，其决定定语从句中的谓语形式。

定语从句：定语从句是指在主从复合句中修饰代词或名词（即先行词）的从句，通常位于先行词之后，翻译成“…的”，定语从句的谓语形式与先行词保持一致。

引导词：连接先行词和定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。例如：He is the boy who everybody likes. 其中, “th e boy”为先行词, “who”为引导词, “wh o everybody likes”为who 引导的定语从句。

2.关系代词+关系副词

2.1 关系代词：

①具体有which, that, whom, who, whose,/(省略)。

②代替先行词在定语从句中充当成分，比如可充当主语或宾语或定语，充当宾语时可省略关系代词，充当定语时后接名词。

③连接复合句中的主句和从句。

例如：It’s the dog that is named Mimi. 其中, “that”为关系代词, 可代替先行词“th e dog” , 在定语从句中充当主语, 且起到连接主从句的作用。

2.2 关系副词（初中不作深入研究）：

①初中主要有when, why, where。

②代替先行词，不可省略，有时可等于“介词+which”。

③连接复合句中的主句和从句。

例如：It’s the village where we spent our holiday. 其中, “when” 为关系副词, 代替“in+先行词‘the village’(地点)”, 此时“where”可等于“i n which”, 连接主从句。

二、具体用法

1. 关系代词的基本用法

1.1 先行词只指人：

①关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时，用“who”或“whom”或“that”或“/”(省略)。

e.g. Mary is a girl who/whom/that/省略her classmates like.

②关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时，用“that”或“who”。

e.g. Mary is a girl that/who likes playing the piano.

③关系代词在定语从句中充当定语时，用“whose”, 后接名词。

e.g. This is Mary whose mother is the manager of a supermarket.

注意：当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语成分且先行词只指人时，关系代词既能用who 也能用whom。其中whom 在作介宾时，关系代词通常为“介词+whom”。

e.g. This is the girl to whom Mary is talking.

1.2 先行词只指物：

①关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时，用“which”或“that”或“/”(省略)。

e.g. It is the cat which/that/省略my mother likes.

②关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时，用“which”或“that”。

e.g. It is the cat which/that likes eating fish.

③关系代词在定语从句中充当定语时，用“whose”, 后接名词。

e.g. It is the cat whose color is black.

2. 关系代词的特殊用法

2.1 关系代词只能用that 的情况：

①先行词是much, little, few, none, all, anything, everything, something, nothing 等不定代词时, 只能用that。

e.g. There is little that is drunk .

Mary did nothing that might hurt Tom.

②先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。

e.g. You are the best girl that I have ever seen.

③先行词被the same, the last, the very, the only, any, few, little, no, all 等修饰时，只能用that。

e.g. The books are the very ones that should be read.

The girl was the only person that beat Tom in our class.

④主句已有疑问词who 或which 时，只能用that。

e.g. Who is the boy that is eating food?