季羡林《忘》中考阅读练习及答案(2017年衡阳市中考题)

季羡林《忘》中考阅读练习及答案(2017年衡阳市中考题)
季羡林《忘》中考阅读练习及答案(2017年衡阳市中考题)

阅读下面的文章,回答21-26题。(12分)

《忘》季羡林

①人一老,就容易忘事糊涂。

②我认识一位著名的画家,年过八旬以后,慢慢地忘事糊涂起来。我们将近半个世纪以前就认识了,颇能谈得来,而且平常也还是有些接触的。然而,最近几年来,每次见面,他把我的尊姓大名完全忘了。从眼镜后面流出来的淳朴宽厚的目光,落到我的脸上,其中饱含着疑惑的神气。我连忙说:“我是季羡林,是北京大学的。”他点头称是。但是,过了没有五分钟,他又问我:“你是谁呀!”我敬谨回答如上。在每一次会面中,尽管时间不长,这样尴尬的局面总会出现几次。我心里想:老友确是老了!

③前几年,中国敦煌吐鲁番学会在富丽堂皇的北京图书馆的大报告厅里举行年会。我这位画家老友是敦煌学界的元老之一,获得了普遍的尊敬。按照中国现行的礼节,必须请他上主席台并且讲话。但是,这却带来了困难。像许多老年人一样,他脑袋里煞车的部件似乎老化失灵。一说话,往往像开汽车一样,煞不住车,说个不停,没完没了。会议是有时间限制的,听众的忍耐也决非无限。在这危难之际,我同他的夫人商议,由她写一个简短的发言稿,往他口袋里一塞,叮嘱他念完就算完事,不悖礼仪常规。然而他一开口讲话,稿子之事早已忘入九霄云外。看样子是打算从盘古开天辟地讲。照这样下去,讲上几千年,也讲不到今天的会。到了听众都变成了化石的时候,他也许才讲到春秋战国!我心里急如热锅上的蚂蚁,忽然想到:按既定方针办。我请他的夫人上台,从他的口袋掏出了讲稿,耳语了几句。他恍然大悟,点头称是,把讲稿念完,回到原来的座位。于是一场惊险才化险为夷,皆大欢喜。

④我比这位老友小六七岁。有人赞我耳聪目明,实际上是耳欠聪,目欠明。如人饮水,冷暖自知,其中滋味,实不足为外人道也。但是,我脑袋里的煞车部件,虽然老化,尚可使用。再加上我有点自知之明,我的新座右铭是:老年之人,煞车失灵,戒之在说。一向奉行不违,还没有碰到下不了台的窘境。在潜意识中颇有点沾沾自喜了。

⑤然而忘事糊涂就一点好处都没有吗?

⑥我认为,有的,而且很大。自己年纪越来越老,对于“忘”的评价却越来越高,高到了宗教信仰和哲学思辨的水平。苏东坡的词说:“人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴圆缺,此事古难全。”他是把悲和欢、离和合并提。然而古人说:不如意事常八九。这是深有体会之言。悲总是多于欢,离总是多于合,几乎每个人都是这样。如果造物主不赋予人类以“忘”的本领,那么,我们人类在这么多的悲和离的重压下,能够活下去吗?人生下来,既能得到一点乐趣,又必须忍受大量的痛苦,后者所占的比重要多得多。如果不能“忘”,或者没有“忘”这个本能,那么痛苦就会时时刻刻都新鲜生动,时时刻刻像初产生时那样剧烈残酷地折磨着你。这是任何人都无法忍受下去的。然而,人能“忘”,渐渐地从剧烈到淡漠,再淡漠,再淡漠,终于只剩下一点残痕;有人,特别是诗人,甚至爱抚这一点残痕,写出了动人心魄的诗篇,这样的例子,文学史上还少吗?

⑦因此,我必须给赋予我们人类“忘”的本能的造化小儿大唱赞歌。试问,世界上哪一个圣人、贤人、哲人、诗人、阔人、猛人,这人,那人,能有这样的本领呢?

⑧我还必须给“忘”大唱赞歌。试问:如果人人一点都不“忘”,我们的世界会变成什么样子呢?(选自《怀旧集》,有删改)

21.概括“老友确是老了”的两件事。(2分)

22.找出表明文章写作思路发生明显变化的句子,并抄写在横线上。(2分)

23.品析语言。(2分)

到了听众都变成了化石的时候,他也许才讲到春秋战国!(从修辞角度)

24.简要概括第④段的内容,并说说该段在全文中的作用。(2分)

25.作者为什么要给“忘”大唱赞歌”?(2分)

26.结合全文探究“忘”的两层含义。(2分)

答案:

21.①每次见面,都反复询问“我”的姓名;②年会讲话,忘了讲稿说个不停。[来源:学科网]

22.然而,忘事糊涂就一点好处都没有吗?

23.运用夸张的修辞,将老友讲话没完没了无限夸大,生动形象地将老友忘事糊涂的形象呈现出来。(或:运用比喻的修辞,将听众比作化石,将老友的讲话比作中国历史,生动幽默地将老友讲话没完没了、忘事糊涂的形象呈现出来。)

24.“我”因忘事糊涂程度不深而沾沾自喜。与老友的忘对比,突出了“我”的自律和欣慰;为下文“然而”的自我否定蓄势,既体现了思维的变化及波澜的设置,又实现由叙转议的巧妙衔接。

25.“忘”可以使人在悲和离的重压下活下去,使痛苦的感受减轻。“忘”剩下的残痕能让诗人写出动人心魄的诗篇。

26.①日常生活中琐碎小事的遗忘糊涂。②面对生活的苦痛,人在精神上主动忘却、主动舍弃的一种生活智慧和处事境界。

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