高考英语介词专题复习
高考英语介词专题复习
一﹑考点聚焦
1、介词的分类与语法功能
（1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。
介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、throughout 等；短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。
分词介词，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。
常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、疑问词加不定式等。
（2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。
2、介词搭配
（1）“动词+介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。（2）常见“形容词+ 介词”搭配。
（3）“名词+ 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。
3、核心介词用法归纳与辨析
（1）表示时间的介词in的用法如下。
表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in，还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。
（2）在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。
(3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。
注意：有些时间名词前不接介词。如：
next day、last Sunday、that morning、these years
one、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如some day
one day、yesterday / afternoon, the night before
（4）till、until、to的用法。
①till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。
但注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。
②to表“终结”时常用和from连用，但要注意不与from连用时的意义。
（5）in、after、later
①in + 一段时间：表示说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；但表示“在……之内”时，用于各种时态。
②一段时间+ later(later是副词)：表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。
③after + 一段时间表示：“在……之后”，用于一般过去时；但时间为点时间时，只能用after,即after + 点时间，用于各种时态。
另外，in + 一段时间+ ’s + time 与within + 一段时间的用法如下：
in a week’s time = in a week
They will arrive in three days’ time.(与将来时连用)
My brother’s birthday is in two weeks’ time.（作表语）
I’ll finish the book within two weeks.(within = in less than…用于各种时态，不超出，在……之内)
（6）地点介词at、on、in、to、across、through、over、under、below。
（7）表示方式、手段、工具的介词
①by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天。
(按by+the+单位名称)但to the pound按磅算，to the ton按吨计。
②表泛指的方式、手段
by post/mail邮寄，by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(电讯器材)，by electricity用电，by machinery用电器，by hard work,learn sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescop
③交通工具类
另外：by means of 用……方法，by way of 经由，取道于，用……方法，with the help (permission)of sb./with sb.’s help (permission)。
（8）表示“除……之外”的几组常用介绍比较。
①besides 除……以外，（还有）。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。
②except除去，除……之外（不再有）。
③except for除了……（对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明）后接名词、代词或what
从句，此时与except that + 句子意思相同。
④except that … 除了……一点以外。
⑤but与except
but和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用，但应注意以下三点：
A.前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时，多用but。
B. 后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but。
C. but与一些固定结构连用。
have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事，can not but do sth.不得不,can not help but do sth.不得不……，but for … 如不是……
（9）between与among.
（10）表原因的介词for、because of、due to。
(11)不定式复合结构中的for、of。
（12）兼作连词和副词的介词。
①after、since、till / still、before这些词既是介词，又是连词。
②in、on、along、down、up、after、before、along、beyond等介词可兼作副词。
③有的介词可以兼作连词和副词。
（13）介词的省略。
①表示时间的介词on、at 、in的省略。
②介词for表示时间的省略要求。
（A）以all开头的名词短语，for要省略。如：I stayed with her all the morning.（B）表示一段时间的短语之前，for可以省略，也可以不省略。如：I have been waiti ng here (for) more than three hours.
（C）否定句中，表示时间的短语前的for不能省略。如：I haven’t seen you for thir ty years.
(D)时间状语在主句之前，for不能省略。如：For the whole morning,the old man
kept reading.
③某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略。
（14）某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。
①要求接to的名词有：key、answer、visit、entrance、apology、introduction、
road等。
②要求接in 的名词有：interest、satisfaction、expert等。
(15)一些词组中的介词
b e composed of =consist of…由…组成in comparison with…和…相比较be very appreciative at…对…深表感谢be particular over…对…太挑剔base…on… 把…建立…上；on the basis of… 根据protect…from(against)…保护…免遭…remind sb. of…使某人想起…be responsiblie for sth. 对某事负有责任；be superior to 优于…in favor of 支持；赞同 in relation to 关于in contrast to 与…截然不同 in excess of 超过etc.
二、精典名题导解
1.(2002上海卷22)Luckily，the bullet narrowly missed the captain ________an inch．
A．by B．at C．to D．from
by+数量词，表示相差多少。介词by可以和表示数量的词构成短语，表示尺寸、距离等。译文：幸运的是，子弹在距离船长一英尺的地方与他擦肩而过，没有射中他。答案为A。
2. ____________ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.(NMET 2000)
A. As
B. For
C. With
D. Through
解析：答案为C。本题考查with的复合结构作状语的用法。“with + 名词+ 不定式/分词/名词/形容词/介词短语等”可在句中作伴随、时间、原因、条件等状语。本题中with 的复合结构作伴随状语。
3.(2004上海春季卷26)I am sorry it’s ________my power to make a final
decision on the project．
A．over B．above C．off D．beyond
beyond意为“超出，出乎”。本句的意思是：很抱歉，我无权对这个计划作出最后决定。beyond my power意为：超出了我的权力范围。
4.(2003北京卷33)They had a pleasant chat ________a cup of coffee．
A．for B．with C．during D．over
考查介词搭配。to chat over a cup of coffee意思是边喝咖啡边聊天。for和during 都有“在……期间”之意，但后边通常加时间段：。with “随着，用”；over“在(做)……期间，边……边……”。
5.(2002北京卷33) --What do you want ________those old boxes?
--To put things in when I move to the new fiat．
A．by B．for C．of D．with 、
所提供的情景To put things in when I move to the new flat，说明了箱子的用途。with的意思是“用”，后接工具。如：cut with a knife“用刀切”。
6.(2001上海春季卷23)Ross was wild with joy ________the result of the examination．
A．to B．at C．by D．as
at表示原因。的意思是“为……而欣喜若狂”。介词at接在某些形容词的后面表示原因。译文：罗丝因考试结果而兴高采烈。
7.(2002上海春季卷21)Marie Curie took little notice _________the honours that
were given to her in her later years．
A．of B．on C．about D．from
take notice of为固定短语，意为“注意”。译文：居里夫人几乎不关心她晚年所得到的荣誉。答案为A。
8..(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷23)--You are so lucky．--What do you mean _________that?
A．or B．in C．of D．by
固定用法(句子)what do you mean后常跟by that／doing that／saying so，译为：你那样／这样讲(说)是什么意思?
9..(2002北京卷33) --What do you want ________those old boxes?
--To put things in when I move to the new fiat．
A．by B．for C．of D．with 、
所提供的情景To ，说明了箱子的用途。with的意思是“用”，后接工具。如：cut with a knife“用刀切”。
10.(2004福建卷30)
It was a pity that the great writer died ________his works unfinished．A．for B．with C．from D．of
die die for表示死的目的；die from表示死的间接原因；die of表示死于饥饿、疾病、寒冷、情感等直接原因；而die with中的with应与后面名词连成一个意群，表示一个伴随的状态。根据句子的意思，答案选B。
11.(2004上海卷25)The accident is reported to have occurred _________the first Sunday in February．
A．at B．on C．in D．to
本题考查日期前介词的用法。一般牵涉到具体的某一天时或特定的某一天时，前面用介词on。
12.I wanted two seats ________ Madame Curie for Friday night, so I rang the
cinema to see if I could book two tickets. (NMET 1998上海)
A. of
B. about
C. To
D. For
析:D.……比赛/ 电影/ 戏剧的座位,应用...seat for....
13.（2005重庆卷）30. —You know. Bob is a little slow ____ understanding, so…— So I have to be patient ______ him.
A. in ; with
B. on; with
C. in; to
D. at; for
A in understanding在理解上，be patient with对某人有耐心
14. After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand ________.
A.on
B.up
C.above
D.by
解析：答案为A。不定式“to stand + 介词”作定语修饰a tall box,其中被修饰词在逻辑意义上是不及物动词，只有加上吊尾介词，句子意思才完整。吊尾介词往往由于受到汉语的影响而缺少，吊尾介词使用的场合有：
（1）定语从句中，先行词被一个不及物动词所修饰，不及物动词后要接介词，先行词被“动词+ 介词”组成的短语动词所修饰，介词常在句尾。
He is the man I just spoke to.
(2)what、whose、who、whatever等引导的宾语从句，宾语从句出现吊尾介词。
I can’t imagine what it is like.
(3) 强调句型，特殊疑问句中由于被强调部分和疑问词位置变更，常出现吊尾介词。
It was the poor boy that we gave the books to.
What for? Where to? Who with?
(4)不及物动词的不定式修饰表“涉及对象、场合、工具、方式、材料”等意义的名词时
常带吊尾介词。
a room to live in, a bench to sit on
There is nothing to worry about.
She is a good girl to work with.
(5)某些形容词后接不定式或“动词+ 介词”型短语，动词的不定式形式表“反射”，常
用吊尾介词。
①fit、easy、hard、comfortable、difficult、heavy等形容词后。
②The river is good to swim in.
The box is too heavy to carry.
③be worth doing sth. ,be worthy of being done / to be done, want/require /
need doing
三、专项训练
1 A group of students stood___the memorial__the people’s heroes.
A.in the front of;to
B.in front of;to
C.in front of;of
D.in the front;of
2. -Where is the post office?
-You can find it_______2336 Fire Road.
A.on
B.in
C.near
D.at
3. He went to Beijing_______ .
A.by the car
B.in car
C.in the black car
D.by the black car
4. Your mother will be back_______a few minutes,but your father will be back_______ten o’clock.
A.after;after
B.in;in
C.in;after
D.after;in
5. What did you do to help them____the difficulty?
A.out from
B.out of
C.through
D.out off
6. He is running_______the wind towards the east of the station_______
Tom running_______the right.
A.down;and;on
B.against;with;on
C.for;with;in
D.with;while;to
7. In Hangzhou Mr.Green was so struck_______the beauty of nature that he stayed_______another night.
A.by;for
B.with;at
C.at;on
D.for;in
8..My uncle lives__105 Huanghe Street.His room is__the fifth floor.
A.to;at
B.on;in
C.at;on
D.of;to
9. Does John know any other languages_______French?
A.except
B.but
C.besides
D.beside
10. I need some paper to write_______.
A.in
B.on
C.at
D.for
11. Before the boy’s bo dy the soldiers_______silence.
A.in
B.on
C.at
D.under
12. We know nothing about him_______that his son joined in the army.
A.beside
B.for
C.except
D.besides
13. Your speech is excellent_______some small mistakes.
A.besides
B.except
C.except that
D.except for
14. It is quite cold today_______June.
A.for
B.in
C.at
D.on
15. We’ll have a ball_______New Year’s Eve.
A.in
B.on
C.at
D.by
16. The enemy got beaten and fled_______all directions.
A.to
B.toward
C.for
D.in
17. You should write_______pencil,that is,_______a pencil.
A.in;with
B.with;with
C.in;in
D.with;in
18.-------.How long has this bookstore been in business ?
------_______1982.
A.After
B.In
C.From
D.Since
https://www.360docs.net/doc/f38570401.html,e and see me _____two or three _____
A.for…days
B.after…days
C.in …day s’ time
D.during…day time
20.The sunlight came in_____the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.
A.through
B.across
C.on D .over
21.The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to1,200.This means it has risen____20 percent. A.by B.at C.to D.with
22.____most student,she was always well prepared and never came to class late.
A.Like
B.As
C.For DTo
23.The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station ____5:40 p.m. at the latest. A.untill B.after C.by D.around
24.I don’t think you can finish the work ___my help.
A.since
B.because
C.without
D.unless
25.I am accustomed ______ late on weekends for I have the habit of working at night.
A. to sit up
B. to sitting up
C. at sitting up
D.for sitting up
26. The teacher will ask you to account________ your absence from his class yesterday.
A. for
B. at
C.i n
D. of
27. People’s complaints _____ the bad food were soon
taken ____ consideration by the government.
A. of…into
B. for…on
C. of…for
D. with…against
28. I have no objection ___ his staying in the library as long as he keeps quiet.
A. of
B. to
C. in
D. over
29. Morris’s fluency in English has given her some advantage ____ other pupils in the class. A. above B. over C. than D. beyond 30. The manager assured the customer that his complaint would be soon seen __ .
A.at
B. to
C. on
D. by
31. Washington D.C was named____ the first President of the U.S.A., George Washington.
A. from
B. after
C. by
D. with
32. Mary took her boyfriend_____ the hand and then they walked away arm in arm.
A．on B．at C．by D．for
33. Before 1920s, American women were deprived________ the right to vote to a large extent.
A. of
B. to
C. from
D. with
34. NO one is trying to persuade you _____ doing the job. But things must be dealt____. reasonably.
A. into…with
B. to…from
C. out…by
D. by…in
35. No one is indeed enthusiastic ______ that dull task.
A. with
B. about
C. at
D. to
36. The imported goods are inferior________ the domestic products in quality.
A. than
B. with
C. to
D. against
37. Everyone around the site felt deep sympathy _____ the poor sick baby.
A. for
B. from
C.. in
D. on
38. I have been feeling regret ______ all the years misspent without any research achievement.
A. of
B. to
C. from
D. for
39. Scott was very appreciative ____ the help from his teacher.
A. of
B. in
C. at
D. on
40. For miles around me there was nothing but a desert, without a single plant or tree ________. (NMET 1997上海)
A. in sight
B. on earth
C. at a distance
D. in place
1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA (郭)
1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA（刘。。）1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA（刘。）1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA（余）
1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA（牛）
1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA （幼）
1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA(毅)
1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA（黎）
1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA（邓）
1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA（石）
1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA（景）
1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA（仙）
1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA（李）
1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA （吴）
1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA（武）1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA（张）1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA
1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA
1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA
1~5 BDCCB 6~10 BACCB 11~15 ACDAB 16~20DADCA
21~25AACCB 26~30AABBB 31~35BCAAB 36~40CADCA
高考英语-介词与介词短语-专题练习(五)有答案
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(完整)高考英语复习讲解——介词及介词短语
高考英语一轮复习讲解：介词及介词短语 【知识要点】 介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。 1.介词可按其构成分为： （1）简单介词，即一个介词，如about，at，in，of，since等。 （2）复合介词，由两个介词组成，如as for，as to，out of等。 （3）二重介词，由两个介词搭配而成，但没有复合介词那样固定，如from under，from behind，until after，except in等。 （4）短语介词，由短语构成，如according to，because of，in spite of，on behalf of，with reference to 等。 （5）分词介词，由现在分词构成，如regarding，concerning，including等。 2.介词还可按其词义分为下列常见的几种： （1）表地点（包括动向），如about， above，across，after，along，among，around，at，before，behind，below，beneath，beside，between，beyond，by，down，from，in，into，near，off，on，over，through，throughout，to，towards，under，up，upon，with，within，without等。 ［注］有不少表地点的介词可表动向，除很明显的across，around，over，towards，near外，还有among，behind，beneath，between，on，to，under等。 （2）表时间，如about，after，around，as，at，before，behind，between，by，during，for，from，in，into，of，on，over，past，since，through，throughout，till（until），to，towards，within等。 （3）表除去，如besides，but，except等。 （4）表比较，如as，like，above，over等。 （5）表反对，如against，with等。 （6）表原因、目的，如for，with，from等。 （7）表结果，如to，with，without等。 （8）表手段、方式，如by，in，with等。 （9）表所属，如of，with等。 （10）表条件，如on，without，considering等。 （11）表让步，如despite，in spite of等。 （12）表关于，如about，concerning，regarding，with regard to，as for，as to等。
高考英语语法介词考点
高考英语语法介词考点 介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语。介词可分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。 ①Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语) ②This machine is in good condition.(表语) ③Where is the key to my bike?(定语) ④She always thinks herself above others.（宾补） 一、介词的分类 （1）从用法分类 介词类型例词例句 表示方位at, before, behind, below, etc.There must be something behind it. 表示时间about, after, at, before, by, etc. He came home after 3 days. 表示原因、目的for, with, from, etc. He died from cancer. 表示对于to, for, over, at, with, etc.The book is really difficult for me. 表示手段、方式by, in, with, etc.I will defend the motherland with my life. 表示除去but, besides, except, etc.We all went to the supermarket except Tom. 表示比较 as, like, above, over, than, etc. They united as one man. 表示结果to, with, without, etc. Man can’t live without water.