(人教通用版)2020版高考语文复习专题十二实用类阅读限时综合训练二(含解析)

(人教通用版)2020版高考语文复习专题十二实用类阅读限时综合训练二(含解析)
(人教通用版)2020版高考语文复习专题十二实用类阅读限时综合训练二(含解析)

限时综合训练二

(时间:25分钟分值:24分)

一、阅读下面的文字,完成文后题目。(12分)

材料一:

大学生最为满意的分别是教师职业精神、同学关系、贫困生资助、师生关系、处理不诚信行为的规则、学校校风等6个方面。此外,本科生对学习场所、信息化资源、考试评分规则、运动场地与体育设施等方面满意度高;高职学生对重视育人、重视专业技术技能培养、实习管理、实习实践等方面满意度高。这些方面能够得到学生的高满意度,其主要原因是近年来国家宏观教育政策的重视以及政策效力的显现。

担任过学生干部、学习努力程度越高、学习成绩越好的学生对高等教育的满意度越高,说明满意度是可以通过学生个体的进步而提高的。而学生对学校提供的创业支持、学校对学生创新能力的培养、学校管理部门办事效率等方面的满意度不高,说明高校在创新创业教育方面还需继续加强。

(摘编自《全国高等教育满意度调查报告》) 材料二:

调查表明,当前大学生思想政治状况总体积极健康,呈现向上向好的发展态势。大学生群体人生态度积极,乐于奉献,对社会主义核心价值观的认同度较高,大多数大学生有坚定

的政治立场和正确的政治观念,道德认知状况良好,具有强烈的道德意愿和高度的文化自信心。同时,也发现大学生群体存在一定的享乐主义倾向,对有关思想理论问题存在一定的模糊认识,道德意愿受社会不良风气影响较大。如15.2%的大学生赞同“生死由命,富贵在天”的宿命论观点;16.2%的大学生赞同“人为财死,鸟为食亡”的拜金主义观点。

大学生的思想政治状况较容易受到周围环境的影响。如在道德观方面,对“搀扶跌倒老人”心存担忧的大学生中82.5%是因为社会上借此讹人的事件很多。在准确把握各类环境影响的基础上,多方联动,帮助改善大学生学习生活条件,不断强化正面宣传,壮大主流思想舆论,积极储备并充分发挥环境化人的正能量,发挥核心价值观在环境建设中的引领作用,无疑是提高大学生思想政治素质的重要途径。

(摘编自《2016年度大学生思想政治状况调查分析》) 材料三:

大学生是一个特殊群体。面对变化迅猛、日新月异且竞争激烈的社会,现代大学生承受着巨大的心理压力,诸多心理问题出现并呈上升趋势。大学生的心理健康问题,不仅关系到大学生自身的发展,而且关系到社会各方面的发展。大学生犯罪率逐步增加等不良现象,都与大学生的心理素质有非常大的关系。从个体发展的角度来看,大学生正处于由青少年向成年转变的过渡期,很多矛盾冲突都会出现,如果不能妥善解决这些矛盾,寻找平衡点,就会出现心理障碍,产生心理问题。对大学生心理素质进行培养,以满足社会对综合性高素质全能人才的需求,已成为高等教育面临的重要任务。同时,我们也相信,在社会、学校以及大学生自身的努力下,心理健康问题一定会得到解决,具有良好的文化素质、身体素质以及心理素质的大学生群体会日益壮大,为社会承担起更多的责任,为祖国做出更大的贡献。

(摘编自陈琳娜《现代大学生的心理压力分析》) 1.下列对材料相关内容的理解,不正确的一项是(3分)( )

A.图表显示,本科生对国家的贫困生资助制度的实施最为满意,对学校的课程教学情况最不满意。

B.本科生与高职生的满意内容没有交集,本科生满意的是学习场所、信息化资源等,高职生则满意重视育人等。

C.图表显示,本科生满意度最低的十个方面里,课程教学、师资力量等与教学活动相关的方面较多。

D.当代大学生的思想政治状况总体比较健康,态度积极,乐于奉献,但也有一部分大学生受到不良思想的影响。

答案 B

解析“本科生与高职生的满意内容没有交集”错,忽视了文本中的“此外”之前讲的是二者相同的满意内容。

2.下列对材料相关内容的概括和分析,正确的一项是(3分)( )

A.大学生对高等教育的满意度,可以通过学生个体的进步而提高,另外,国家政策对提升满意度的效力也十分明显。

B.高校在创新创业教育方面还需继续加强,但大学生对学校提供创业支持、培养创新能力等期盼过高,会适得其反。

C.在社会、学校、大学生的共同努力下,大学生的心理健康问题一定能够得到解决,如此,就能满足社会对优秀人才的需要。

D.当代社会变化极快,竞争激烈,给正在向成人转变的大学生带来了巨大的心理压力,以致大学生群体心理问题严重。

答案 A

解析B项“但大学生对学校提供创业支持、培养创新能力等期盼过高,会适得其反”于文无据。C项从材料三结尾看,解决了大学生的心理健康问题,不一定就能满足社会对优秀人才的需要,因为优秀的人才还需有良好的文化素质和身体素质。D项“以致大学生群体心理问题严重”错,从材料三来看,现代大学生确实出现了一些心理问题并呈上升趋势,但并不能由此直接得出“大学生群体心理问题严重”的结论。

3.针对大学生群体思想方面存在的问题,学校和社会应该采取哪些应对措施?请简要概括。(6分)

答:________________________________________________________________________

答案①学校应加强思想教育,引导学生树立正确的人生观和价值观;②学校应加强自身建设,为学生的学习和就业提供有力支持;③学校应重视学生的心理健康,设置心理辅导课程等;④社会应加强宣传,壮大主流思想舆论,营造正能量思想氛围;⑤社会可从政策上为大学生创新创业提供支持,减轻大学生心理压力。(答出四点即可)

二、阅读下面的文字,完成文后题目。(12分)

材料一:

在大多数人的印象里,北极与我们远隔千山万水,开展科学考察活动与我们的关系不大。“然而,随着全球变暖、海冰融化,北极气候变化对包括我国在内的中低纬度气候环境有着重要影响,直接关系着我们的国民生活。”中国第九次北极科学考察队领队朱建钢说。7月20日,我国第九次北极科学考察队搭乘“雪龙号”科考船再次出发,继续探寻北极的秘密。

北极通常指北极圈以北的区域,这里大部分海域常年为冰层所覆盖,被认为是对全球气候变化最为敏感的区域之一。过去30多年间,北极地区温度上升,使北极夏季海冰持续减少。科学家预测北极海域可能在21世纪中叶甚至更早出现季节性无冰现象。“北极快速变化产生的影响,势必传导到中国,因此,我们比以往任何时候都更加迫切地想知道这种影响的程度。”国家海洋局极地考察办公室主任秦为稼说,“而且,目前人类对两极地区的观测相对匮乏,两极变化的机理研究不够充分。因此,必须加强现场的观测,获取更多第一手连续的北极资料。”

全球变暖又赋予了北极另外一种价值——身处特殊地理位置,冰雪融化的北极为各国商业利用北极航道和开发北极资源提供了机遇。科学家断言,北极航道将有可能成为国际贸易的重要运输干线,这不仅将对全球航运、国际贸易产生重要影响,还可能对北极生态环境造成潜在威胁。

(摘编自杨舒《“雪龙”九探北极为什么》,

《光明日报》2018年7月21日) 材料二:

考察队全程12300多海里的征程,将由“雪龙号”劈波斩浪完成。与风高浪险的南极考察相比,北极考察的航行也充满考验。“北极多处区域主权已定,航行科考区域受到了限制,同时,位于北冰洋中央区的公海恰好是海冰最密集的地带,对现有科考船的破冰能力形成了挑战。”“雪龙号”相关负责人说。

记者了解到,破冰船是极地科考不可或缺的承载工具。自我国开展北极考察以来,担负运输、科学考察的船只只有“雪龙号”科考船。“雪龙号”于1993年购自乌克兰,原船设计为极区破冰运输船,经过改造后,成为我国目前唯一的极地科学考察船。这无疑成为我国进一步提高极地考察能力的制约之一。

对此,国家海洋局极地考察办公室副主任夏立民透露,我国建造的第一艘极地科学考察破冰船有望于2019年交付使用。相比“雪龙号”,新建破冰船具有较强的双向破冰能力,科考能力将显著增强,特别是将极大提升在水体和海底的探测能力,成为我国认识、利用和保护极地的重要支撑。(来源同材料一)

材料三:

“从本科到研究生,每年都有很长一段时间漂泊在海上,可以用自己亲手在北极获取的水样完成论文,特别兴奋。”厦门大学海洋化学专业研二学生陈梦雅说。她今年24岁,是队员中年龄最小的一位。第一次前往极地,她有个艰巨的任务,搜集100桶海水。

60岁的李伟是年纪最大的一位,这已经是他第9次前往极地了,也将是最后一次。作为自然资源部第三海洋研究所高级工程师,他与海洋打了一辈子交道。有一次,科考船的进水口被碎冰堵住,测量仪器无法正常工作,李伟想都没想,套上防水服,双腿浸在冰凉的海水里,“战斗”了50分钟,一点点把碎冰碴儿掏干净,刺骨的水温让他的双手生出紫红色的冻疮。“前往极地考察,年龄不得超过60岁。”李伟有些无奈,但他也说,“我会站好最后一班岗,下船并不代表着结束。”

“雪龙号”启程前,魏泽勋忙得不可开交,他担任此次科考团中的首席科学家。“征战”大洋20多年,越来越喜欢海洋。他说,这种喜欢,绝非“一见钟情”,而是“日久生情”。

参与此次科考的队员中不少都是“90后”。“这让我们感到振奋,青年一代科研者站到了舞台中央!”魏泽勋说。钟强强就是其中之一,他是华东师范大学海洋学专业的博士生,他喜欢称自己为“海洋人”,如今,他觉得距离成为一名科学家这个梦想越来越近,更要大

步向前。

(摘编自李想《北极科考队员为“海洋强国”代言:在浩瀚海

洋中留下我们的印记》,《中国青年报》2018年7月24日) 4.下列对材料相关内容的理解,不正确的一项是(3分)( )

A.气候环境与我们的生活紧密相连,北极的气候变化对我国的气候环境有重要影响,这是我国第九次北极科学考察队出发,继续探寻北极秘密的原因之一。

B.全球变暖将会使北极冰雪融化,使北极航道开通和北极资源开发成为可能,这虽然会带来经济价值,但也可能对北极生态环境造成潜在威胁。

C.我国建造的第一艘极地科学考察破冰船与“雪龙号”相比,在破冰能力和探测能力方面将显著增强,这将有力地提升我国的极地考察能力。

D.因为年龄的关系,第九次北极科学考察之行将是60岁的高级工程师李伟此生的最后一次,这意味着他将告别与海洋打了一辈子交道的研究工作。

答案 D

解析“将告别与海洋打了一辈子交道的研究工作”曲解文意。原文是“下船并不代表着结束”,意思是说不能参加极地科学考察工作,并不代表要告别海洋研究工作。

5.下列对材料相关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是(3分)( )

A.北极夏季海冰持续减少所带来的气候变化一定会影响到中国,因此我国必须获取更多第一手连续的北极资料,从而推测这种影响的程度。

B.破冰船是极地科考不可或缺的承载工具,是我国进一步提高极地考察能力的制约因素之一,未来中国迫切需要更加先进的极地科学考察破冰船。

C.北极考察充满考验,除了气候因素,还因为目前北极很多区域因主权问题不能进行科考,而可以进行科考的公海则是海冰最密集的地方。

D.此次极地科考中,青年一代科研者占大多数,他们的加入使老一辈科学家欣喜,他们的热爱程度与投入状态带给中国极地科学考察队新的活力。

答案 D

解析“占大多数”无中生有,材料三中提及“参与此次科考的队员中不少都是‘90后’”,但并不能说明“青年一代科研者占大多数”。

6.以上三则材料中,报道的角度与侧重点各有什么不同?请结合材料简要分析。(6分) 答:________________________________________________________________________

答案材料一从北极科考的目的的角度报道,侧重报道获取更多北极资料的迫切性;材料二从北极科考船的角度报道,侧重报道北极科考中先进科考船的重要性;材料三从北极科考人员的角度报道,侧重报道科考队中科研人员对工作的热爱与奉献精神。

高考英语阅读理解训练50篇

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