中国传统文化词汇翻译hh

口译分类词汇——中国文化

口译分类词汇——中国文化

概述General Terms

爱国主义精神patriotism

诚实守信honesty

公民道德建设实施纲要The Program for Improving Civic Morality

集体主义collectivism

弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化highlight the central theme of the times while encouraging diversity

全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign

社会公德，职业道德和家庭美德教育

education in social and professional ethics and family virtues

为人民服务serving the people

深入群众，深入生活go deep among the masses and into the thick of life

奉献无愧于时代的作品contribute to the people works worthy of the times

中华文明博大精深，源远流长

The Chinese civilization is extensive and profound , and has a long history

重要文化遗产major cultural heritage

优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts

自立于世界民族之林stand proudly in the family of nations

艺术及工艺Arts and Crafts

版画engraving

贝雕画shell carving picture

彩塑painted sculpture

瓷器porcelain; china

刺绣embroidery

雕刻carving

宫灯palace lantern

国画Chinese painting

剪纸paper-cut

景德镇瓷Jingdezhen porcelain

景泰蓝cloisonné enamel

蜡染batik

卖秸画straw patchwork

木/石/竹刻wood/stone/bamboo carving

木刻画wood engraving 泥人儿clay figure

皮影shadow puppet

漆画lacquer painting

漆器lacquer ware

双面绣two-sided embroidery

水墨画Chinese brush drawing ; ink and wash painting

檀香扇sandalwood fan

唐三彩Tang tri-colored pottery

陶器pottery ; earthenware

图章seal

拓碑making rubbings from inscriptions , pictures , etc . on stone tablets

拓片rubbing

微雕miniature engraving

象牙雕刻ivory carving

宜兴陶Yixing pottery

篆刻seal cutting

戏剧表演Theatrical Performances

京剧人物脸谱types of facial makeup in Beijing opera

生male characters

末middle-aged male characters

净“painted face” characters

旦female characters

丑clown

京剧票友amateur performer of Peking Opera

木偶戏puppet show

独角戏monodrama; one-man play

皮影戏shadow play ; leather-silhouette show

折子戏opera highlights

戏剧小品skit

哑剧dumb show ; mime ; mummery ; pantomime

单口相声monologue comic talk

双口相声witty dialogue

口技vocal imitations ; ventriloquism

说书monologue story-telling

杂技acrobatic performance

叠罗汉making a human pyramid

特技stunt

睬高跷stilt walk

马戏circus performances

神话人物Mythological Figures

八仙the Eight Immortals

嫦娥hang’s ( the Chinese moon goddess)

伏羲Fu Xi (God of Fishery and Husbandry) 福禄寿三星the three gods of fortune , prosperity and longevity

共工God of Water

后羿Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns ) 黄帝Yellow Emperor

夸父Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant )

女娲Goddess of Sky-patching

盘古Pan Gu (creator of the universe )

神农Patron of Agriculture

禹Yu ( the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty )

祝融God of Fire

古代建筑Ancient Architecture

塔pagoda

琉璃塔glazed stupa

舍利塔 dagoba ; sarira stupa ( a pagoda for Buddhist relics )

舍利子sarira remains from cremation of Buddha’s of saints’ body

喇叭塔Lamaist pagoda

楼storied buildings

钟楼bell tower

鼓楼drum tower

阁pavilion

烽火台beacon tower

华表ornamental column

牌坊memorial archway

传统节日Traditional Festivals

拜年paying a New Year call

爆竹firecracker

鞭炮 a string of small firecrackers

除夕New Year’s Eve

春节Spring Festival

春联Spring Festival couplets (conveying best wishes for the year )

辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new ; ring out the old year and ring in the new

大扫除year-end household cleaning

灯谜lantern riddles

登高hill climbing

端午节Dragon Boat Festival

恭喜发财May you be prosperous! / Wish you all the best !

观灯viewing the lanterns

贺年片New Year film

饺子dumplings (with meat and vegetable stuffing )

龙灯舞dragon lantern dance

庙会temple fair

年画New Year picture

年夜饭family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year’s Eve

清明节Tomb-sweeping Festival

扫墓paying respect to the dead

赏菊enjoying chrysanthemum

赏月enjoying the full moon

狮子舞lion dance

压岁钱money given to children as a Lunar New Year gift

秧歌舞yangge dance

元宵sweet rice-flour dumplings (eaten on the Lantern Festival )

元宵节Lantern Festival

月饼moon cake

植树节Tree-planting Day

中秋节Mid-autumn Festival

重阳节Double Ninth Festival

粽子 a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves

烹饪Culinary Arts

美食节gourmet festival

中餐烹饪Chinese cuisine

色，香，味俱全perfect combination of color , aroma , taste and appearance

四大菜系：山东菜，四川菜，粤菜，扬州菜

four major Chinese cuisines: Shandong cuisine , Sichuan cuisine , Canton cuisine and Yangzhou

cuisine

南淡北咸，东甜西辣the light southern cuisine , and the salty northern cuisine ;the sweet eastern cuisine , and the spicy western cuisine

八宝菜eight-treasure pickles ( assorted walnut meats , asparagus , lettuce , almonds , cucumber and peanuts , etc . pickled in soy sauce )

八宝饭eight-treasure rice pudding (glutinous rice steamed with preserved fruits , sweetened bean paste , lotus seeds , longan , etc.)

白斩鸡tender boiled chicken (made by boiling a whole chicken in water and cutting into cubes , then dipping into seasonings )

臭豆腐odd-odour bean curb

粉蒸肉pork streamed with rice flour

风味小吃local delicacy

腐竹rolls of dried bean milk cream

冷盘hors d’oeuvres

萨其马Manchu candied fritter cut in squares

刀切，火候Cutting and Slicing Techniques , Heat Control

切片slicing

切条cutting to strips

切丝shredding

切柳filleting

切丁dicing

切碎mincing

磨碎grinding

大/旺/武火strong heat

中火medium heat

小/微/文火gentle heat

烹饪方法Cooking Techniques

煎pan-frying

炒stir-frying

爆quick-frying

炸deep-frying

烩stewing

熏smoking

煨simmering

煮boiling

烘baking

烤roasting

蒸steaming

红烧braising (with soy sauce )

涮羊肉dip-boiled mutton slices

羊肉串小摊mutton barbecue stall

宗教Religions

佛教Buddhism

释迦牟尼Sakyamuni

佛寺Buddhist temple

大雄宝殿the Great Buddha’s Hall

藏经楼depositary of Buddhist texts

金刚经Vajracchedika-sutra

素菜馆vegetarian restaurant

罗汉堂arhat hall

观音Guanyin; Goddess of Mercy; Avalokitesvara

地藏God of Earth

四大金刚Four Heavenly Guardians (at the entrance to a Buddhism temple);Four Devarajas

四大天王Four Heavenly Kings

因果报应karma

藏传佛教Lamaism

大藏经Tripitaka

转世灵童reincarnated soul boy

喇嘛庙lamasery

道教Taoism

道观Taoist temple

道士Taoist priest

关帝庙temple of Lord Guan 儒教Confucianism

孔子庙Confucian temple

孔子Confucius

义，礼，智，信，忠，恕，孝，悌

rightness, propriety , wisdom , trustworthiness , loyalty , reciprocity ,filial piety , brotherly love

学儿优则仕 A good scholar can become an official ./ He who excels in study can follow an official career .

禅宗Zen Buddhism

不立别传，不立文字，直指人心，见性成佛。

There belief is passed on outside the religion

There is no reliance on written scripts

It goes straight into people’s minds .

One becomes a Buddha the moment

He sees his own Buddha nature .

伊斯兰教Islam

清真寺mosques

古兰经the Koran

耶稣教Christianity

耶稣基督Jesus Christ

洗礼baptism

天主教Catholicism

天主教堂Catholic church

古代典籍Famous Ancient Books

《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals 《史记》Historical Records

《诗经》The Book of Songs

《书经》The Book of History

《易经》The Book of Changes

《礼记》The Book of Rites

四书：The Four Books:

《大学》The Great Learning

《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean

《论语》The Analects of Confucius

《孟子》The Mencius

《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers

《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica 《资治通鉴》History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers

《西厢记》The Romance of West Chamber

《三国演义》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms

《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes ; Water Margins

《西游记》Pilgrimage to the West

《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions ; The story of the Stone

《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio 六艺：礼，乐，射，御，书，数

six classical arts: rites , music , archery , riding , writing , arithmetic

朦胧诗misty poetry

三字经three-character scripture 武侠小说tales of roving knights; martial arts novel ; a kung fu novel

言情小说romantic fiction ; sentimental novel

八股文eight-part essay ; stereotyped writing

五言绝句five-character quatrain

七言律诗seven-character octave

四大发明

中国传统文化

一、“传统节日”单词预热vocabulary work

烹调cooking cuisine

鱼肉满架well stocked with fish and meat

象征意义symbolic significance

农历lunar calendar

阳历solar calendar

端午节Dragon Boat Festival

元宵节Lantern Festival

清明节Pure Brightness Day

重阳节Double Ninth Day

放逐be exiled

忠臣loyal minister

糯米粽子glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves

祭祀亡灵in memory of sb.

龙舟比赛dragon boat races

中秋节Mid Autumn Festival

满月full moon

月饼moon cake 蜜饯preserved fruits

豆沙bean paste

蛋黄egg yolk

海鲜seafood

家禽poultry

饺子dumplings

八宝饭eight treasure rice

米羹rice balls

油条fried sticks

麻花fried twisted stick

炒面Chaomian

叉烧包steamed bun with roast pork

粥porridge

芋头taro

葱油饼pan-fried cake with sesame seeds and green onion

有关春节的常用词

放鞭炮let off firecrackers

耍龙灯play the dragon lantern

耍狮子play the lion dance

拜年pay a new-year call

中国的传统节庆膳食除了在数量和质量上与平时有所不同之外，一些历史悠久、具有象征意义的食物也是节日必不可缺的伴侣。

Traditional holiday meals are different from everyday meals in terms of quantity and quality. In addition, some foods with a long history and symbolic significance are indispensable on these occasions.

例如，我国的端午节是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子。

For example, on the Dragon Boat Festival, a day set aside in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan, people will hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, a kind of glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves.

中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。

The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness, and family reunion. The special food of the day is the yuebing, a round moon cake.

春节是中国的农历新年，除了常见的海鲜、家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统菜肴，如饺子和年糕。

The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday. In addition to the popular seafood, poultry and meat, people will prepare traditional food, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the year cake according to their regional custom.

翻译考试常考词汇13—中国文化II

opera highlights 折子戏

stilt walk 踩高跷

pantomime; mime 哑剧

pantomimist 哑剧演员

skit 戏剧小品

monologue comic talk, standup comedy 单口相

声

stunt 特技表演

witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk 相声the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment 京韵大鼓

shaanxi opera 秦腔

sealcutting 篆刻

characters cut in intaglio 阴文

characters cut in relief 阳文

seal 图章

graver 刻刀

making rubbings from stone inscriptions 拓碑

rubbing 拓片

workmanship/craftsmanship 工艺，手艺

handicraft 手工艺品

wood carving 木雕

boxwood craft 黄杨木雕

carved lacquerware 雕漆

stone carving 石雕

miniature engraving 微雕

ivory carving 象牙雕

bamboo engraving 竹雕

shell carving 贝雕

ice sculpture 冰雕

painted sculpture 彩塑

enamel 瓷釉

embroidery 刺绣

scroll 卷轴

batik 蜡染

clay figure 泥人

lacquer painting 漆画

lacquer ware 漆器

celadon 青瓷色

two-sided embroidery 双面绣

landscape/ink painting 水墨画

Suzhou embroidery 苏绣

sandalwood fan 檀香扇

trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty

唐三彩

pottery 陶器

Ceramics 制陶业

the four stationery treasures of the Chinese study —a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and

paper 文房四宝

inkslab engraving 砚刻

Yixing pottery 宜兴陶

folding fan 折扇

Wickerwork 枝编工艺

tapestry 织锦，挂毯

papier mache 纸工艺品

Chinese painting 中国画

folklores 民间传说

fable 寓言

legend 传说

mythology 神话

God of Heaven 玉皇大帝

the Eight Immortals 八仙

Chang’e, the Chinese moon goddess 嫦娥

Fu Xi, God of Fishery and Husbandry 伏羲

god of fortune, god of prosperity, and god of

longevity 福禄寿三星

god of fortune 财神

god of the kitchen 灶神

Gonggong, God of Water 公神

Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns)

后羿

Yellow Emperor 黄帝

Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant ) 夸父Nuwa: a goddess who patches up the sky 女娲Pan Gu, creator of the universe 盘古

Patron of Agriculture 神农

Yu, the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty 禹

Zhurong, God of Fire 祝融

make the past serve the present and the foreign serve China 古为今用，洋为中用

inscribe a poem 赋诗

matching an antithetical couplet 对对联

solar calendar 阳历

gregorian calendar 公历

lunar calendar 阴历

heavenly stem 天干

earthly branch 地支

leap year 闰年

the twenty-four solar terms 二十四节气

zodiac 十二生肖

rat 鼠

ox 牛

tiger 虎

hare 兔

dragon 龙

snake 蛇

horse 马

sheep 羊

monkey 猴

rooster 鸡

dog 狗

pig 猪

year of monkey 猴年

one’s year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches 本命年

traditional holidays 传统节日

Spring Festival 春节

pay a New Year visit 拜年

firecracker 鞭炮，爆竹

Eve of Chinese New Year 除夕

Spring couplets 春联

ring out the old year and ring in the new 辞旧迎

新

Jiaozi, boiled dumpling 饺子

pot sticker 锅贴

temple fair 庙会

ring out the old year 鸣钟辞旧岁

(traditional) New Year pictures 年画

the Eve Feast; family reunion dinner on Lunar

New Year’s Eve 年夜饭

year-end household cleaning 年终大扫除

stay up late on the New Year’s Eve 守岁

family reunion dinner 团圆饭

New Year gift-money; money given to children as

a New Year gift 压岁钱

dragon dance 舞龙

Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)

元宵节

sweet sticky rice dumplings 元宵

festival lantern 花灯

lantern riddle 灯谜

lion dance 狮子舞

stilt walking 踩高跷

Pure Brightness Festival/Tomb-sweeping Day

(April the 5th) 清明节

sweep tomb sites of loved ones 扫墓

offer sacrifices to the ancestors 祭祖

go for an outing in spring 踏青

dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)

端午节

dragon boat race 赛龙舟

zongzi (pyramid-shaped dumpling made by glutinous rice wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves)

粽子

Departed soul 亡灵

loyal minister 忠臣

Quyuan the poet 诗人屈原

Moon Festival/Mid- Autumn Day (15th of eighth

lhunar month) 中秋节

mooncake 月饼

appreciate the glorious full moon 赏月

reunion 团圆

sweet osmanthus 桂花

Double Ninth Day/the Aged Day 重阳节

admire the beauty of chrysanthemum 赏菊

climb mountain 登高

TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) 中药

First Emperor, Emperor Chin 秦始皇帝

empress dowager 皇太后

founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD) 汉

高祖刘邦

Genghis Khan; Temujin 成吉思汗

gifted scholars and beautiful ladies 才子佳人cradle of civilization 文明摇篮

Xia Dynasty 夏朝

(of) Ming and Qing dynasties 明清两代

Chinese civilization 中华文明

Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan 四川

Shaanxi 陕西

Research Center for Ancient Civilizations 古文

明研究中心

Chinese and overseas scholars 中外学者

archaeologists 考古学家

anthropologist 人类学家

historian 历史学家

Chinese to English：1. 玉器是光辉灿烂的中华民族历史文化宝库中一枝异彩独放的奇葩。中国玉器在新石器时代的河姆渡文化时期就开始出现。7000年来一直延续不断，发展至今。玉器在北欧、西欧、贝加尔湖等地的原始社会时期，以及南北美洲的印第安人和新西兰的毛里人都有制作，但都延续时间不长，无法与中国的玉器相提并论。悠久的制作历史，精湛的制作工艺，典雅的造型，绚丽的色彩，形成了中国玉器突出的民族特色。Jade article is an exotic flower in Chinese brilliant historical culture. Chinese jade article have emerged since Neolithic Hemudu period 7000 years ago. Jade articles started to be manufactured in primitive Northern Europe, Western Europe and Baikal Lake, by Indian in Northern American and Maori in New Zealand. But those jade articles did not last long and can not be compared with those in China. Chinese jade article distinguished its ethnic features in long manufacture history, exquisite craftsmanship, elegant modeling and gorgeous colors.

2. “福”字表示好运，人们通常把它写在一张方形纸上，并倒着贴。因为在普通话里“倒”和“到”是同音字。因此倒贴的“福”字象征着春天和繁荣昌盛的到来。

福means good luck in Chinese, people usually write it on a square tree up side down. since in Chinese 到and 倒are homophones, and 倒means upside down, 到means coming, the upside down 福means the spring and prosperity is coming.

4. 常用语：

太学：the imperial college

《论语》Analects of Confucius

大乘佛教：Mahayana

五经（《诗经》，《尚书》，《易经》，《春秋》，《礼记》）：

the Five Classics : the Book of songs ,the Book of History, the Book of Changes , Spring and Autumn Annals, the Book of Rites

辛亥革命the Revolution of 1911

窗花paper-cut for window decoration

春联：spring festival scrolls

祭灶王爷the kitchen god

玉皇大帝：the Jade Emperor

财神爷：the God of Wealth

舞龙舞狮：dragon dance lion dance