土木工程专业英语作文.doc
Influence of The Development of Civil Engineering
in Our Life
Abstract:With the social and economic development and modern science and technology increasingly advanced,civil engineering has been considerable development. In the process of rapid development, it is inevitable to bring huge influence on the environment of economic development. Through reviewing the development of civil engineering, we find that now it is a good time that the civil engineering develops with the development of national economy. The good development environment has attracted the attention from the globe. To realize the harmonious development of human being and environment and build beautiful homes, we should adhere to the path of sustainable development. Therefore, it is an important issue that protect ecological environment, conserve land, and deal with the relationship between society and economy, and realize the sustainable development with the development of civil engineering.
Keyword:civil engineering ;environment;development;construction
LOverview of Civil Engineering
Civil engineering refers to the general name of housing, highway, railway, bridge, hydraulic, harbor engineering, underground etc. It is very obvious and important to the country's economic construction and people's life. And civil engineering is closely related to human survival and reproduction of the four basic elements: clothing, food, housing, travel, to provide mankind with modern human life and the development of the necessary space.
Civil engineering is an ancient subject.The ancient civil engineering has a long time span, in this period of time, due to the development of scientific theory is very slow, there is no breakthrough in the development of civil engineering. With the progress of human society, civil engineering has evolved into large-scale comprehensive discipline which has many branches, such as architectural engineering, railway engineering, road engineering, bridge engineering, water supply and drainage engineering, water conservancy engineering.
The development of civil engineering has experienced the ancient experience of civil construction, modern mechanical civil construction and the construction of modern information technology. With the development of science and technology, the concept of civil engineering construction is constantly updated. And with the use of new materials, new technologies and new technologies, the construction of the project has become more and more extensive. Our life has become more convenient with the improvement of civil engineering technology. The development of civil engineering construction technology is bound to provide more and more powerful guarantee for the development of human and human life.
Since the reform and opening up, China is committed to in social development, economic and technology development, and constantly sum up the lessons of history, learn from experience, innovative ideas, reform and development mode, so as to promote the development of our country, such as new equipment, new technology and
new materials. Civil engineering staff innovation will bring into the building construction, especially the mechanical automation facilities have been applied to civil engineering construction, which greatly promoted the civil engineering toward modernization and intelligent direction.
l.Developnient trend of Civil Engineering
2.1Information technology in Civil Engineering Management
At present, the application of information technology has made the global industry information is very convenient- We can easily get the latest technology using internet.
2.2Development of new and high technology
As the environment changes rapidly, the structure will be different degrees of damage or performance degradation, which will affect the bearing capacity and durability, and even lead to serious accidents, it cause significant casualties and economic losses resulting in serious social influence. Therefore, from the construction of a moment, we must do a good job in health monitoring, repair and reinforcement of the preparation.
With the rapid development of modern sensor technology, computer and communication technology, the signal analysis and processing technology and structural dynamic analysis theory, people put forward the concept of structural health monitoring, which for the development of civil engineering bring revolutionary change.
2.3Application of building materials and construction technology in the development of high performance building materials
The high performance concrete with less segregation. It can be preserved for a long time. High performance concrete has good toughness, high strength and volume stability. It can maintain the original nature in the bad environment.
2.4 Underground, desert, ocean are the development direction of Civil Engineering With the rapid development of the construction industry, building space resources has become an important factor restricting the development of the construction industry. The development of space resources is a very effective way to solve the problem of building space resources. In our country, there are underground space, desert, ocean and space. In fact, our country in the civil engineering development process has been in the gradual development of these space resources, for example, the existing subway, underground parking is the embodiment of the use of underground space. China is also developing the ocean and desert resources. So the future development trend of our country is to develop to the underground, the ocean and the desert.
3 Some problems in the development of civil engineering in China
Despite the rapid development of civil engineering in our country, there are still a lot of question. It has a certain impact on the healthy development of civil society and the environment and society.
3.1Some problems in planning and design
Planning and design is the premise of the project construction, it is directly related to the quality and use of future projects. If there are problems in the planning and design, it will lose a lot. Many projects do not pay attention to the planning and design, such as some projects started after long time no management, some water conservancy project
dam due to the unreasonable design and planning resulting in a lot of problem in the process.Highway design and planning is not reasonable resulting in some sections of the road traffic accidents. These problems frequently appear to bring plenty of loss to the state enterprises.
3.2Some quality problems
Quality problem is generally produced in the process of construction, some construction process was not seriously in accordance with the design requirements of the construction cut corners in the construction process. For example, some of the building's underground water leakage, some of the road repair a few years will be re renovated, and some of the buildings collapsed and collapsed bridges caused casualties and economic losses- Quality problems will bring many negative effects, Reconstruction not only waste resources and pollute the environment, and the society will make people lack of trust.
3.3Some environmental problems
In the civil engineering construction process, the environment will have a great impact, such as the construction of a railway or highway will have a certain impact on the environment along the road. In the process of building a reservoir or dam will also make the ecological environment in the river changes, while build a building will cause air pollution and noise pollution in the urban areas. How to solve these problems which the development of civil engineering face are important for us.
3.4The influence of civil engineering on the ecological environment
(1)Occupation of land
Large number of highway, railway and real estate construction, occupy a lot of farmland, the possession of land resources is permanent and is great influence on agricultural production and farmers.
(2)Change the ecological environment
Some civil engineering will change the original terrain, topography, resulting in the destruction of vegetation. For example the influence of the Three Gorges Project on the ecological environment and is very wide, including the Three Gorges Reservoir influence most direct and significant, in the Yangtze River basin also exist significant impact, and some people even think that the Three Gorges Project will make global climate and ocean environment has undergone major changes.
(3)The influence of rare animals and plants
If the highway passes through the vicinity of Nature Reserve, it may affect the living environment of wild animals, or damaged some rare plants, affecting the biological diversity.
4 Combined with the sustainable development strategy to solve the current problems The sustainable development is one of the main guiding ideas for the development of the world, and the development of civil engineering is also one of the main ideas. In order to promote environmental protection to make more efficient use of resources, the next, to talk about the current development of China's civil engineering in the process of solving the problem of sustainable development
4.1The sustainable development of civil engineering planning and design
The planning and design of civil engineering must be focused, it doesn't allowed to
have any mistakes. Therefore, in the process of planning and design, the designer can not only rely on the theory, there should be a field study, in order to design the sustainable designers should actively carry out some green design, the project to adapt to the local environment. In short, in the design process combined with sustainable development strategy to make the construction planning more reasonable, while the building in the use of the process can play a greater efficiency.
4.2The sustainable development of civil engineering construction
Construction process is prone to quality problems, so the construction should be in accordance with the standard construction, the construction process to deal with the details, as well as technical points, to ensure the quality of construction. In order to realize the strategy of sustainable development of civil engineering requirements, in the construction of material selection is to strictly and civil engineering construction need a lot of material application, once the material problems will lead to civil engineering suffered a serious impact. Therefore, attention should be paid to material selection. First, the selection of construction materials should conform to the state standards, which is no pollution and safe.Second, to ensure not to cut corners.
4.3Sustainable development of civil engineering for the solution of environmental problems
Construction of roads, railways, water conservancy projects for environmental impact greater. When railway or highway through the wild animal protection zone, a line may segregate on both sides of the road, so that the animal cannot migration, in order to reduce project on environmental impact. The Qinghai Tibet Railway in order to solve this problemjeft a channel below the road, so that animals can through it. In short, facing these problems we can solved, as long as we think of ways.
Summary
Civil engineering is an important project of the national economy and the people's livelihood, the modern civil engineering has changed our life, it has become more and more important to us. The population is rapidly increasing at present, the world population has more than 6 billion. By the end of twenty-first Century, the population is expected to be close to 10 billion. At the same time, the earth's land resources are limited, and due to the consumption of the transition and increasingly depleted. In order to achieve the unity of civil engineering construction and environmental protection, the sustainable development of ecology and economy must be done.
We must rational use of resources via the theory and method of modern environmental science.There are plans to protect the environment,prevent the deterioration of environmental quality, control and treatment of pollution of the environment.
Civil engineering is closely related to our daily life. In the future, our living environment will become more and more severe. In recent years, due to the frequent occurrence of disasters, the performance has become the primary subject of structural structure development The future building structure must resist earthquake, wind, storm, tsunami.fire,collision, radiation, etc.. Due to the progress of science,technology and economic prosperity, it will bring to the development of civil engineering in the spring.
高考作文书写标准格式和方法
高考作文书写标准格式和方法 一、作文书写良好习惯 规范的格式正确的标准通顺的语句不写错别字 二、字迹：是作文的脸面，文字书写要规范、整洁。 三、题目：犹如人的帽子 题目写在第一行中间，两边空格要均匀。如需加副标题，在题目底下画一个破折号，把副标题写在破折号下面。 四、正文：每个自然段开头要写空两格。正文每个字占一格，字形不能太大、太小。标点也要占一格。不同的标点在格子中的位置也不同。 五、标点符号： 七种点号：句号（。）问号（？）叹号（！）逗号（，）顿号（、）分号（；）冒号（：）点号用在句末有句号、问号、叹号三种，表示句末的停顿，同时表示句子的语气；点号用在句中有逗号、顿号、分号、冒号四种，表示句内的各种不同性质的停顿。 九种标号：引号（）括号（（））破折号（）省略号（。。。。。。）着重号（。）书名号（《》）和专名号（）标号的作用在于标明，主要标明语句的性质和作用。 六、标点符号的位置 句号、问号，感叹号、逗号、顿号、和冒号，占一个字的位置，不能出现在一行之首，行末放不下时，可把字与标点挨紧些，放在一行的最后一格。 破折号和省略号都占两格的位置，中间不能断开。 引号、括号、书名号的前一半不能出现在一行之末，后一般不能出现在一行之首。 连接号和间隔号一般占一个字的位置。这两种符号的位置都写在格的中间。 着重号和专名号标在字的下边，强调几个字占几个格，一般不常用。 冒号、引号运用：单独的冒号占一个格，单独一个双引号占一格。冒号和双引号在一起，两个标点符号可以各占一格，有时也可以共占一格。 七、作文标题中标点符号的书写 正文的标题，即一级标题的末尾，一般不加标点符号。 八、文章结构层次序数中标点符号的用法 首先，、其次、再次：第一第二第三，一是，二是， 三是，，可以不用标点符号，直接连接下文；甲，乙，丙，丁、；在 一方面、另一方面之后，可以分别用逗号，也可以不用标点符号，直接连接下文。 浙江高考作文 浙江省高考语文试卷作文题目：有位作家说，人要读三本大书：一本是“有字之书”，一本是“无字之书”，一本是“心灵之书”。对此你有什么思考？写一篇文章，对作家的看法加以评说。【注意】①题目自拟。②不少于800字。③不得抄袭、套作。 被疯传的“满分作文” 书生 上苍赐人以三书，一曰有字之书，二曰无字之书，三曰心灵之书。此三者，同出而异名，殊途而同归。读书者可称书生，而凡世间之人，或多或寡，必读此三书，故世间之人皆为书生也。 有字之书，文章著述也。以一字概之，是为录。往圣先贤著经典，而后人传习之；诗仙词圣书佳句，而后人吟咏之。有字之书，乃作文章者之见闻经历、所思所想，付诸于文。孔夫子所著之《春秋》，太史公所著之《史记》，皆属有字之书也。李太白狂歌之《将进酒》，
《土木工程专业英语》段兵延第二版全书文章翻译精编版
第一课 土木工程学土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施，比如飞机场，铁路，管线，摩天大楼，以及其他设计用作工业，商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外，土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇，并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起，土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师，尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 领域。因为包含范围太广，土木工程学又被细分为大量的技术专业。不同类型的工程需要多种不同土木工程专业技术。一个项目开始的时候，土木工程师要对场地进行测绘，定位有用的布置，如地下水水位，下水道，和电力线。岩土工程专家则进行土力学试验以确定土壤能否承受工程荷载。环境工程专家研究工程对当地的影响，包括对空气和地下水的可能污染，对当地动植物生活的影响，以及如何让工程设计满足政府针对环境保护的需要。交通工程专家确定必需的不同种类设施以减轻由整个工程造成的对当地公路和其他交通网络的负担。同时，结构工程专家利用初步数据对工程作详细规划，设计和说明。从项目开始到结束，对这些土木工程专家的工作进行监督和调配的则是施工管理专家。根据其他专家所提供的信息，施工管理专家计算材料和人工的数量和花费，所有工作的进度表，订购工作所需要的材料和设备，雇佣承包商和分包商，还要做些额外的监督工作以确保工程能按时按质完成。 贯穿任何给定项目，土木工程师都需要大量使用计算机。计算机用于设计工程中使用的多数元件（即计算机辅助设计，或者CAD）并对其进行管理。计算机成为了现代土木工程师的必备品，因为它使得工程师能有效地掌控所需的大量数据从而确定建造一项工程的最佳方法。 结构工程学。在这一专业领域，土木工程师规划设计各种类型的结构，包括桥梁，大坝，发电厂，设备支撑，海面上的特殊结构，美国太空计划，发射塔，庞大的天文和无线电望远镜，以及许多其他种类的项目。结构工程师应用计算机确定一个结构必须承受的力：自重，风荷载和飓风荷载，建筑材料温度变化引起的胀缩，以及地震荷载。他们也需确定不同种材料如钢筋，混凝土，塑料，石头，沥青，砖，铝或其他建筑材料等的复合作用。 水利工程学。土木工程师在这一领域主要处理水的物理控制方面的种种问题。他们的项目用于帮助预防洪水灾害，提供城市用水和灌溉用水，管理控制河流和水流物，维护河滩及其他滨水设施。此外，他们设计和维护海港，运河与水闸，建造大型水利大坝与小型坝，以及各种类型的围堰，帮助设计海上结构并且确定结构的位置对航行影响。 岩土工程学。专业于这个领域的土木工程师对支撑结构并影响结构行为的土壤和岩石的特性进行分析。他们计算建筑和其他结构由于自重压力可能引起的沉降，并采取措施使之减少到最小。他们也需计算并确定如何加强斜坡和填充物的稳定性以及如何保护结构免受地震和地下水的影响。 环境工程学。在这一工程学分支中，土木工程师设计，建造并监视系统以提供安全的饮用水，同时预防和控制地表和地下水资源供给的污染。他们也设计，建造并监视工程以控制甚至消除对土地和空气的污染。他们建造供水和废水处理厂，设计空气净化器和其他设备以最小化甚至消除由工业加工、焚化及其他产烟生产活动引起的空气污染。他们也采用建造特殊倾倒地点或使用有毒有害物中和剂的措施来控制有毒有害废弃物。此外，工程师还对垃圾掩埋进行设计和管理以预防其对周围环境造成污染。
理工英语3作文3个
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学术论文的标准格式要求
学术论文的标准格式要求 学术论文是指有系统的、较专门的讨论或研究某科学领域中的问题,表述科学研究成果的文章，需要遵循一定的论文写作原则，以下是搜集的学术论文格式要求，欢迎阅读参考。 结构 论文一般由题名、作者、目录、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成，其中部分组成(例如附录)可有可无。论文各组成的排序为：题名、作者、摘要、关键词、英文题名、英文摘要、英文关键词、正文、参考文献、附录和致谢。 题目 题名规范 题名应简明、具体、确切，能概括论文的特定内容，有助于选定关键词，符合编制题录、索引和检索的有关原则。 命题方式 简明扼要，提纲挈领。 作者 署名规范 作者署名置于题名下方，团体作者的执笔人，也可标注于篇首页脚位置。有时，作者姓名亦可标注于正文末尾。 示例：王军××师范大学物理系，北京100875;张红××教育学院物理系，北京100011 目录
目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录) 摘要 摘要是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几 十字，多不超过三百字为宜。 随着计算机技术和因特网的迅猛发展，网上查询、检索和下载 专业数据已成为当前科技信息情报检索的重要手段，对于网上各类全文数据库或文摘数据库，论文摘要的索引是读者检索文献的重要工具，为科技情报文献检索数据库的建设和维护提供方便。摘要是对论文综合的介绍，使人了解论文阐述的主要内容。论文发表后，文摘杂志或各种数据库对摘要可以不作修改或稍作修改而直接利用，让读者尽快了解论文的主要内容，以补充题名的不足，从而避免他人编写摘要可能产生的误解、欠缺甚至错误。所以论文摘要的质量高低，直接影响着论文的被检索率和被引频次。 规范 摘要是对论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述，要求扼要地 说明研究工作的目的、研究方法和最终结论等，重点是结论，是一篇具有独立性和完整性的短文，可以引用、推广。 关键词 关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述 论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作计算机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“摘要”的左下方。
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分： 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water Height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号 85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专着monograph 89 会议论文集Proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引 99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引 100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引 101 题目title 102 摘要abstract 103 全文full-text 104 参考文献reference 105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词Subject 107 关键字keyword 108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会 109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署
论文的写作格式及规范
附件9： 科学技术论文的写作格式及规范 用非公知公用的缩写词、字符、代号，尽量不出现数学式和化学式。 2作者署名和工作单位 标引和检索，根据国家有关标准、数据规范为了提高技师、高级技师论文的学术质量，实现论文写的科学化、程序化和规范化，以利于科技信息的传递和科技情报的作评定工作，特制定本技术论文的写作格式及规范。望各位学员在注重科学研究的同时，做好科技论文撰写规范化工作。 1题名 题名应以简明、确切的词语反映文章中最重要的特定内容，要符合编制题录、索引和检索的有关原则，并有助于选定关键词。 中文题名一般不宜超过20个字，必要时可加副题名。英文题名应与中文题名含义一致。 题名应避免使 作者署名是文责自负和拥有著作权的标志。作者姓名署于题名下方，团体作者的执笔人也可标注于篇首页地脚或文末，简讯等短文的作者可标注于文末。 英文摘要中的中国人名和地名应采用《中国人名汉语拼音字母拼写法》的有关规定；人名姓前名后分写，姓、名的首字母大写，名字中间不加连字符；地名中的专名和通名分写，每分写部分的首字母大写。 作者应标明其工作单位全称、省及城市名、邮编(如“齐齐哈尔电业局黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市(161000)”)，同时，在篇首页地脚标注第
一作者的作者简介，内容包括姓名，姓别，出生年月，学位，职称，研究成果及方向。 3摘要 论文都应有摘要(3000字以下的文章可以略去)。摘要的：写作应符合GB6447-86的规定。摘要的内容包括研究的目的、方法、结果和结论。一般应写成报道性文摘，也可以写成指示性或报道-指示性文摘。摘要应具有独立性和自明性，应是一篇完整的短文。一般不分段，不用图表和非公知公用的符号或术语，不得引用图、表、公式和参考文献的序号。中文摘要的篇幅：报道性的300字左右，指示性的100字左右，报道指示性的200字左右。英文摘要一般与中文摘要内容相对应。 4 关键词 关键词是为了便于作文献索引和检索而选取的能反映论文主题概念的词或词组，一般每篇文章标注3～8个。关键词应尽量从《汉语主题词表》等词表中选用规范词——叙词。未被词表收录的新学科、新技术中的重要术语和地区、人物、文献、产品及重要数据名称，也可作为关键词标出。中、英文关键词应一一对应。 5 引言 引言的内容可包括研究的目的、意义、主要方法、范围和背景等。应开门见山，言简意赅，不要与摘要雷同或成为摘要的注释，避免公式推导和一般性的方法介绍。引言的序号可以不写，也可以写为“0”，不写序号时“引言”二字可以省略。 6 论文的正文部分 论文的正文部分系指引言之后，结论之前的部分，是论文的核心，
自我介绍作文之英语作文自我介绍带翻译
自我介绍作文之英语作文自我介绍带翻译
英语作文自我介绍带翻译 【篇一：英文版自我介绍翻译(共4篇)】 篇一：面试用英语自我介绍怎么说 面试用英语自我介绍怎么说? 面试过程中自我介绍是在所难免的，中文自我介绍尚且难倒了很多人，更何况是英文自我介绍呢，但是面试用英语自我介绍在一些外资企业或者和英语相关岗位也是不可避免的。今天我们就说一说面试用英语自我介绍怎么说? 其实自我介绍大体都是一样的，简单的基本介绍，个人情况和兴趣爱好的一个阐述，话不多说先举一个例子吧。(先英文后中文吧) hello, everybody, my name is xxx, my personality alacrity is bright, i like to make friend, enjoying to read some books about philosophy usually, i like discussing problems with my friends together, i feel very happy to know everyone, hoping to get along with everyone delectation in the day of aftertime. 大家好，我是xxx，我的性格活泼开朗，喜欢交流，日常生活中我喜欢看一些哲学性的书，很喜欢和朋友一起探讨问题，非常高兴认识大家，在之后的生活里能够和大家相处融洽。大家在做英文自我介绍过程不用担心和害怕，并不是所有的面试官英文水平都很好，有些可能根本就听不懂你在说什么，在这个面试过程中你最重要的是要保持微笑和自信，无论多么蹩脚的英文你首先要保证流利和自信就可以了。 篇二：考研英语自我介绍及各个专业所对应的英语翻译 考研英语自我介绍及各专业所对应英语翻译自我介绍 (self-introduce)
土木工程专业英语
non-destructive test 非破损检验 non-load—bearingwall 非承重墙 non—uniform cross—section beam 变截面粱 non—uniformly distributed strain coefficient of longitudinal tensile reinforcement 纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数 normal concrete 普通混凝土 normal section 正截面 notch and tooth joint 齿连接 number of sampling 抽样数量 O obligue section 斜截面 oblique—angle fillet weld 斜角角焊缝 one—way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab “单向板” open web roof truss 空腹屋架， ordinary concrete 普通混凝土(28) ordinary steel bar 普通钢筋(29) orthogonal fillet weld 直角角焊缝(61) outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度(57) outstanding width of stiffener 加劲肋外伸宽度(57) over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam·钢梁整体稳定系数(58) overlap 焊瘤(62) overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗倾覆、滑移验算(10) P padding plate 垫板(52) partial penetrated butt weld 不焊透对接焊缝(61) partition 非承重墙(7) penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝(60) percentage of reinforcement 配筋率(34) perforated brick 多孔砖(43) pilastered wall 带壁柱墙(42) pit·凹坑(62) pith 髓心(?o) plain concrete structure 素混凝土结构(24) plane hypothesis 平截面假定(32) plane structure 平面结构(11) plane trussed lattice grids 平面桁架系网架(5) plank 板材(65) plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section 截面塑性发展系数(58) plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计(56) plastic hinge·塑性铰(13) plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone 受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数
作文书写格式纸
说魅力外语写规范英文 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 说魅力外语写规范英文 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
学术论文写作格式要求英文摘要常用句型
学术论文写作格式要求英文摘要常用句型 英文摘要虽然不像公文文体那样程序化,但由于它在语法结构上有较强的倾向性,因此英文摘要许多句型模式出现的频率很高,熟练掌握这些常用句型模式,有助于提高英文摘要写作质量和速度,进而能保证其可读性。下面举一些有代表性和常用的句式供参考。 1)常用于摘要开头部分的有4类。 A. (In this paper,…) The results of A simple method for...cases of The...approach for An attempt to (do)... presented described (through…) is(are) reported (under...) discussed (along with...) analyzed 例如:The results of analyses carried out on the process waters generated during the hydrolysis of oil shale from Rundle, Australia via the Fischer assay retorting process are presented. 对用费希尔试料蒸馏法热解澳大利亚鲁德尔页岩所产生的工业废水提出了分析结果。 B. The chief aim purpose object objective the present study of this investigation the research these studies to obtain… to evaluate… is (was/has been/will be) to find out… to establish… to asses… 例如:The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and utility of tread ill exercise testing prior to the discharge of patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction. 研究旨在对因急性心肌梗塞住院的患者在出院前进行踏旋器运动试验的安全性与效用做出评价。
(完整版)土木工程专业英语常用词汇
Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位 design organization 设计单位 construction organization 施工单位 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 pile 桩 steel structure 钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金 masonry 砌体（工程）reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体 permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板 retaining wall 挡土墙 finish 装修 finishing material装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural ~ 自然通风 mechanical ~ 机械通风 diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙 villa 别墅 moment of inertia 惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力 strain 应变 age hardening 时效硬化 air-conditioning system空调系统 (air) void ration（土）空隙比 albery壁厨，壁龛 a l mery壁厨，贮藏室 anchorage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 architectural appearance 建筑外观 architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing 泛水 workability (placeability) 和易性 safety glass安全玻璃 tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃 asphalt沥青 felt (malthoid) 油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding焊接 screwed connection 螺栓连接 oakum 麻刀，麻丝 tee三通管 tap存水弯 esthetics美学 formwork 模板（工程） shoring 支撑 batching 配料 slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工 lfit-slab construction 升板法施工 mass concrete 大体积混凝土 terrazzo水磨石 construction joint 施工缝 honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面 piled foundation桩基 deep foundation 深基础 shallow foundation浅基础 foundation depth基础埋深 pad foundation独立基础 strip foundation 条形基础 raft foundation筏基 box foundation箱形基础 BSMT=basement 地下室 lift 电梯electric elevator lift well电梯井 escalator 自动扶梯 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量E safety coefficient 安全系数 fatigue failure 疲劳破坏 bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力 two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋 reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板 single way slab单向板 window blind 窗帘sun blind wind load 风荷载 curing 养护 watertight concrete 防水混凝土 white cement白水泥 separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝 pilaster 壁柱 fire rating耐火等级 fire brick 耐火砖 standard brick标准砖
土木工程专业英语段兵延第二版全书文章翻译样本
第一课 土木工程学土木工程学作为最老工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境管理。此处环境涉及建筑符合科学规范所有构造，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其她当代社会和大量人口集中地区基本公共设施。她们也建造私有设施，例如飞机场，铁路，管线，摩天大楼，以及其她设计用作工业，商业和住宅途径大型构造。此外，土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整都市和乡镇，并且近来始终在规划设计容纳设施齐全社区空间平台。 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把她非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位军事工程师工作而采用名词。自从那时起，土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设工程师，尽管其包括领域更为辽阔。 领域。由于包括范畴太广，土木工程学又被细分为大量技术专业。不同类型工程需要各种不同土木工程专业技术。一种项目开始时候，土木工程师要对场地进行测绘，定位有用布置，如地下水水位，下水道，和电力线。岩土工程专家则进行土力学实验以拟定土壤能否承受工程荷载。环境工程专家研究工程对本地影响，涉及对空气和地下水也许污染，对本地动植物生活影响，以及如何让工程设计满足政府针对环保需要。交通工程专家拟定必须不同种类设施以减轻由整个工程导致对本地公路和其她交通网络承担。同步，构造工程专家运用初步数据对工程作详细规划，设计和阐明。从项目开始到结束，对这些土木工程专家工作进行监督和调配则是施工管理专家。依照其她专家所提供信息，施工管理专家计算材料和人工数量和耗费，所有工作进度表，订购工作所需要材料和设备，雇佣承包商和分包商，还要做些额外监督工作以保证工程能准时按质完毕。 贯穿任何给定项目，土木工程师都需要大量使用计算机。计算机用于设计工程中使用多数元件（即计算机辅助设计，或者CAD）并对其进行管理。计算机成为了当代土木工程师必备品，由于它使得工程师能有效地掌控所需大量数据从而拟定建造一项工程最佳办法。
土木工程专业英语词汇汇总
A Type Wooden Ladder A字木梯 A-frame A型骨架 A-truss A型构架 Abandon 废弃 Abandoned well 废井 Aberration of needle 磁针偏差Abnormal pressure 异常压力abnormally high pressure 异常高压Abort 中止 abrasion 磨损 Abrasion surface 浪蚀面 abrasive cut-off machine 磨切机Abrasive Cutting Wheel 拮碟abrasive grinding machine 研磨机Abrasive Grinding Wheel 磨碟abrasive particle 磨料颗粒 Absolute address 绝对地址Absolute altitude 绝对高度Absolute damping 绝对阻尼Absolute deviation 绝对偏差Absolute flying height 绝对航高Absolute gravity 绝对重力 absolute permeability 绝对渗透率absolute porosity 绝对孔隙率absolute temperature 绝对温度absorbability 吸收性；吸附性absorption 吸收 abutment 桥墩 abutting end 邻接端 acceleration 加速 acceleration lane 加速车道Acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceleration pedal 加速器踏板accelerator 催凝剂；加速器；催化剂acceptance criteria 接受准则 access 通路；通道 access door 检修门；通道门access lane 进出路径 access panel 检修门 access point 入口处；出入通道处access ramp 入口坡道；斜通道access road 通路；通道 access shaft 竖井通道 access spiral loop 螺旋式回旋通道access staircase 通道楼梯 access step 出入口踏步 access tunnel 隧道通道 accessible roof 可到达的屋顶accessory 附件；配件accident 事故；意外 accidental collapse 意外坍塌 accommodate 装设；容纳 accredited private laboratory 认可的私 人实验室 accumulator 储压器；蓄电池 accuracy limit 精度限制 acetylene cylinder 乙炔圆筒 Acetylene Hose 煤喉 Acetylene Regulator 煤表 acid plant 酸洗设备；酸洗机 acid pump 酸液泵 acid tank 酸液缸 acidic rock 酸性岩 acoustic couplant 声耦合剂 acoustic coupler 声音藕合器；音效藕 合器 acoustic lining 隔音板 acoustic screen 隔声屏 Acoustic wave 声波 acrylic paint 丙烯漆料(压克力的油漆) acrylic sheet 丙烯胶片(压克力的胶片) active corrosion 活性腐蚀 active earth pressure 主动土压力 active fault 活断层 active oxidation 活性氧化 actual plot ratio 实际地积比率 actuator 促动器；唧筒；激发器 adapt 改装 adaptor 适配器；承接器；转接器； addition 增设；加建 additional building works 增补建筑工 程 additional horizontal force 额外横向力 additional plan 增补图则(附加的平面 图) additional vent 加设通风口 additive 添加剂 Address 地址 adhesive 黏结剂；胶黏剂 adhesive force 附着力 Adhesive Glue 万能胶 Adhesive Reflective Warning Tape 反 光警告贴纸 adit 入口；通路；坑道口 adjacent construction 相邻建造物 adjacent level 相邻水平 adjacent site 相邻基地 adjacent street 相邻街道 adjoining area 毗邻地区 adjoining building 毗邻建筑物 adjoining land 毗邻土地 adjoining structure 毗邻构筑物 adjustable 可调校 Adjustable Wrench Spanner 昔士 adjuster 调节器 adjustment 调校；调整 Administrative Lawsuit 行政诉讼 Administrative Remedy 行政救济 admixture 掺合剂；外加剂 advance directional sign 前置指路标 志；方向预告标志 advance earthworks 前期土方工程 advance warning sign 前置警告标志 advance works 前期工程 aeration 曝气 aeration tank 曝气池 aerial 天线 Aerial mapping 航空测图 aerial photograph 航测照片 Aerial photography 航照定位 aerial rapid transit system 高架快速运 输系统 aerial ropeway 高架缆车系统 aerial view 鸟瞰图 aerofoil 翼型 aerosol 悬浮微粒；喷雾 aerosphere 大气圈 affix 贴附 aftercooler 后冷却器 afterfilter 后过滤器 aftershock 余震 agent 作用剂；代理人 aggradation 堆积 aggregate 骨材；集料；碎石 aggregate area 总面积 aggregate grading 骨材级配 aggregate superficial area 表面总面积 aggregate usable floor space 总楼地板 空间 agitator 搅拌器；搅动机 air bleeding 放气(空气渗出) air blower 鼓风机 air brake 气压制动器 Air chambor 气室 air circuit 空气回路 air circuit breaker 空气断路器 air cleaner 空气滤清器