高中英语语法五大基本句型

五大基本句型

1.主（n./pron./to do sth/doing sth/主语从句）——谓（vi.如：come, go, arrive, stay, work, fall,

rise, die, happen, fail, appear,lie,sit,stand,last)

(1).The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

(2).Your brother has gone home.

(3).We work hard at English.

2.主-------谓（vt.如：visit, spend, forget,

raise,have,seat,astonish,satisfy,embarass)-----宾（n./

pron./to do sth/doing sth/宾语从句）

(1).I study chemistry and he studies physics.

(2).I have never seen such an interesting film.

(3).He doesn't know what to read.

3.主-------谓（vt.)------间接宾语（sb)-------直接宾语(sth.)

(1).Give sb sth=Give sth to sb: send, pass, hand, show

(2).Buy sb sth=Buy sth for sb: make, get, cook, call, find

(3).Ask sb sth=Ask sth of sb

(1).Will you lend me your bike?

(2).Peter bought Mary a new dress.

(3).Please get him some hot water.

(4).Will you tell us sth about your school life?

(5).This little boy is always asking the teacher all sorts of questions.

(6).Pass me the paper, please.

John is teaching Mary how to ride a bicycle.

4.主-----谓(vt.)-------宾-------补(n./adj/adv/介词短语/to do sth----如：ask, tell, order,want, wish, encourage, allow, forbid/Do sth----如：“四看”、“二听”、“一感觉”；have, let 与 make /Doing sth/Done by sb.)

(1).I saw her enter the lab.

(2).Nathan Hale felt his heart beating fast.

(3).We elected him our school headmaster.

(4).The students often keep their classroom clean and tidy.

I'll have the bike repaired.

I heard him singing happily in the next room.

That man made the boy obey him.

He painted the door red.

She found her bike stolen.

let me have a look. We call her Xiao li.

We asked them to stay for lunch.

I wish you to go with me.

Don't keep your mother waiting.

suddenly she saw a wallet lying on the ground.

When he woke up, he found himself tied down.

5.主-----系

(be/look,smell,taste,sound,feel/prove,remain,stay,keep/turn,get,become,make)----表。

The news was exciting.

He was excited at the news.

The teachers' office is clean and tidy.

She became a League member in 1978.

The Summer Palace looks especially beauitiful in the early morning.

The music sounds sweet.

Your answer doesn't sound right.

The dish smells good/delicious.

The liquid tastes bitter.

My job is to teach English./teaching English.

This story is very interesting.

I'm interested in the story.

He became a writer in 1960. 比较：

He turned writer in 1960.

He will make a good athlete.（成为）

希望你能熟记上述经典例句，真正掌握这五大基本句型呀。

名词性从句

（一）、什么叫名词性从句？名词性从句在复句中的位置如何？

1.主语从句-----谓语------宾语.

(1).Whether it is true remains a question.

(2).Whether he will go or not has not been decided.

(3).It isn't quite clear why she did it.

(4).It is not known where she has gone.

(5)What is called atomic energy is actually nuclear energy.

2. 主语------谓语(vt.)------宾语从句.

(1).I wonder whether or not Mike is at home now.

(2).I don't care whether or not his car breaks down.

(3).His parents think it a pity that their son didn't pass the exam.

(4)After what seemed an endless wait, it was at last his turn to step into the consulting room.

(5)He was born in what is now known as Shanghai.

注意;it作形式宾语的特殊句型：

(1).owe it to sb. that------“把----归功于----”(2).Leave it to sb. that----“把---留给某人去做”

(3).Take it for granted that---“想当

然”(4).keep it in mind that----"记住"

(5).I like/enjoy/hate it

that-------- (6).se e to it that----=make sure that----"务必、确保"

(7).depend on it that------

(1).I enjoy____ when you help_____is in trouble.

A.it, those who

B.that,

who C.this, anyone D.it,whoever

(2).I owe it to you that I'm still alive.

(3)I leave it to you to judge.（我让你做判断）

(4).You may depend on it that they will help you.（你可以放心他们会帮你的)

(5).Would you see to it that the villagers have clean drinking water?(你负责保证）

(6)I take it that you won't be coming to Sophie's party.(我想你不回去参加）

(7).I'm counting on it that you will come.(我正指望着你回来)

3.主语-----系-------表语从句.

(1).China is no longer what it used to be.

(2).That's why we love our motherland so much.

(3).It looks as if it's going to rain.

(4).The reason why he was absent yesterdy was that he was ill.

4. 某些名词（如：the

news/idea/fact/hope/belief/promise/suggestion/possibilityproblem/conclusion/op inion/remark评论、意见，saying格言、谚语，evidnce)---引导词（如：

that,whether,how,when,where,why)----同位语从句（注意：which不能引导同位语从句)

(1).Here comes the news that some foreign friends will come to our school.

(2).The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

(3).Word came that their headmaster would soon visit our school.

(4).I have no idea when she will come back.

(二）、名词性从句的引导词：

(1).连接词：that, whether/if,as if--------在从句中不充当任何成分。

(2).连接代词：who, what,which,whose-------在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。

(3).连接副词：when, where.why,how,how many/much/soon/often/long-----在从句中充当状语。

注意：(1).if不能引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及介词的宾语从句。

(2).与or not或不定式连用，要用whether.

(3).what本身有一定的意义，且在从句中充当一定的成分，而that 本身无任何意义，且在从

句中不充当任何成分。

(1).It is unknown whether/if she is ill.(如果用形式主语，if 和whether都可以）

(2).I don't care if he doesn't show up.他来不来我都不在乎（若宾语从句为否定结构，

则多用if,而不用whether)

(3)After years of hard work, he was made what she was.(主语补足语----经过多年的辛劳，

她被弄成这样）

注意：in that(由于、因为），except that(除了----），but that(如果没有、要不是-----），besides

that(除了----)

(1)I know nothing about his career except that he is a graduate of Tsinghua University.

(2)He would have helped us but that he was short of money at that time.

(3)But that I saw it, I couldn't have believed it.

(三).弄清一类连词：“无论（不管）--------”

No matter who-----==Whoever-------

No matter what-----==Whatever------

No matter which------==Whichever-------

No matter when-------==Whenever---------

No matter where-----==wherever----------

No matter how + adj/adv------==However + adj/adv-------

左边：只能引导让步状语从句。而右边：既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句。

(1).I'll give the book to _______wants it.

(A).anyone (B).those who (C).whoever (D).whomever

(2).No matter who= Whoever wants to read the book, you may lend it to him.

(3).However late = No matter how late he is ,Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.

(5).Whenever = Every time he saw me, he greeted me.

Wherever you go, we'll be thinking of you.

(四).弄清同位语从句与定语从句的区别:

(1)that引导定语从句时，that充当定语从句的成分；that引导同位语从句时，that不充当从句的任何成分。

(2)当when,where,why引导定语从句时，其意义与先行词有关，与先行词的意义基本相同，没有疑问意义；但它们引导同位语从句时，其意义与被同位的词毫无关系，其意义完全与疑问词相同，即when表示；“什么时候”，where表示：“哪儿”。它们引导两种从句时都在从句中做状语。

(1).He expressed the hope that he had for many years.

He expressed the hope that he would come to China again.

(2).I have the 1st impression that he gave me in 1980.

I have the 1st impression that he is an honest man.

(3).The news that you heard is not true.

The whole nation was plunged into deep sorrow at the news that Abraham Lincoln was murdered at a

theatre.

(4)比较：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(定语从句)

This is the house where I lived 2 years ago.(定语从句)

I have no idea when she will be back.(同位语从句）

Then arose the question where we were to get the machines needed.(同位语从句）

(五).特殊句型要牢记：

(1).It is said/believed/reported/thought/well-known that---------

(2).It turned out that------“结果是，原来是-----”

(3).It happened that------“碰巧--------”

(4).It occurred to me that------= It struck me that-------“突然想起------”

(5).Word came that------“有消息传来说---------”

(6).It seems/appears that-----------“似乎是，好像是---------”

(7).It is a pity/a fact/no wonder that-------“真遗憾、是事实、难怪------”

(8).It is possible/probable/likely that-------

(9).It is important/necessary/strange that--------{从句中用虚拟语气:（should ）+ 动词原形}

(10).It is certain that-------

(11).It follows that-------“于是乎，从而--------”

(12).There is no point in doing sth.

There is no need to do sth.

(13).It is up to sb to do sth. “该由某人做某事，由某人负责”

(14).It is just like sb to do st h.“某人恰恰是这个样子”

(15).See to it that----- = Make sure that------“务必。确保”

(16).How did it come about that you were late again yesterday?

六、弄清一组句型的区别：

(1)It was not until----that------（强调结构）

(2).It was +时间段+ago 或 +介词短语+that------(强调结构）

(3).It was+时间点名词+when------"当----时已是----时间了”

(4).It is/was/will (not) be +时间段名词+ before------（肯定句）“过多久---就/才-----”

(否定句）“不久----就/才-----”

(5)It is+ 时间段 +since------- 例如：

(1).It was not until yesterday that I received his letter.