大学英语六级英语阅读优秀技巧

大学英语六级英语阅读优秀技巧
大学英语六级英语阅读优秀技巧

六级阅读技巧

Section A 选词填空

Tip 1: 按词性给选项分类

建议大家把选项分成7类:动词(原形),名词,形容词,副词,-ing(形容词,名词,动词的现在分词),-ed(形容词,动词过去式,过去分词),-es/s(动词单三式,名词复数)。分类明确能极大地提高解题效率。

Tip 2:阅读文章时判断出空格处的词性,到相应的类别中根据词意寻找答案。

Section B 段落匹配

Tip 1: 先读题目后读文章

Tip 2:定位关键词

Tip 3:同义词替换

Section C 仔细阅读

Tip 1:先读题干,了解文章内容

1)不要读选项,浪费时间!

2)尝试找到文章主题词

Tip 2:定位信息区间,重点阅读考点句

1)注意每道题目的定位词,优先选择名词进行定位。

2)顺序原则定位。四六级阅读题几乎从来没有出现过信息乱序的情况。也就是说,第一题的信息区间在第二题的前面,第三题的信息区间在第二题的后面。

Tip 3:关注考点句

阅读中常见考点句的标志:

and开头的句子

含比较最高表达的句子

▲有转折逻辑关系(but, however, although等)

因果逻辑关系

▲数字串或举例的前句和后句

▲结论建议型语句

段落的首句末句和第二句

段首代词

解释说明

Tip 3:将原文信息与选项进行一一对应的比较

听力解题技巧

英语六级听力解题技巧1、学会抓关键词

在听力过程中,我们要学会抓其中的关键词。在语段之间的停顿时间,快速浏览选项,对比其不同之处,在听的过程中通过关键词判断说话者的身份,帮助自己搜索相关背景知识。

英语六级听力解题技巧2、学会划分意群

很多人在听的时候都是逐个单词地听,想要听懂每一个单词。其实这样做是没有必要的,也是很难做到的。因此,我们要学会划分意群来听,分词组分词块来听会帮助你节省很多时间,并能让你更快地理解句子是什么意思。

英语六级听力解题技巧3、学会提前思考

在听力开始之前,你就要浏览完材料,结合选项开始思考。这段话要讲什么,目的又是什么。并学会猜测,包括对话题的预测、甚至通过常识进行答案的预测。这样才能在考试之中处于主动的位置,所以,听听力要积极主动。

英语六级听力解题技巧4、学会做笔记

好的笔记能够让你的思路清晰,让你了解听力内容的结构。在听力的开头结尾时就要集中精神,记住相关信息,因为那很有可能就是听力的重点。有时考点在出题时是按照顺序来出的,因此笔记能帮助我们排除一些干扰选项。

英语六级听力解题技巧5、学会注意数字

要注意以下几方面:常规数字的连读,百分数,分数,小数,百分比,电话号码,航班号,驾照号,信用卡号等等。翻译题:(1) 词义选择

所谓词义选择,是指词本来就有这个意思,问题是要我们将其在特定场合的正确意思选出来。正确选词是保证译文质量的重要环节,如果能做到在词语意义和字面形式上都对等当然最好,如果不能兼顾,则取意义,舍形式。越是普通的词,越是拥有繁多的释义和搭配,翻译过程中的词义也就越难确定。选词时,要主语词义的广狭、所处的语境、词义的褒贬和感情色彩。

(2) 词类的转换

词类转换是汉译英常用的一种手段。汉语的动态性和具体性特点使其在语言运用上多用动词。英语则因其静态性和抽象性特点在语言使用上呈现出名词化和介词化倾向。在汉译英过程中,适当转换词性,可以使译文更符合英语表达习惯。

①动词转名词

汉语中名词使用比较频繁,而且名词既没有时态变化的约束,也没有谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式之分,名词甚至可以充当句子的各种成分。相反,英语动词的使用受到形式变化规则的严格限制。一个句子往往只有一个谓语动词,大量原来应该由动词表达的概念,常需借助于名词,因为名词比较不受形态规则变化的束缚,使用相对灵活、方便。

②动词转介词

介词与名词密切相关,英语名词的广泛使用使得介词得以频繁出现。而且英语中有些介词本身是由动词演变而来的,具有动词的特征。因此,汉译英时,有些动词可以用介词来表达。

③动词转形容词

汉语的一些动词也常常可以用英语的形容词来表达,这些形容词通常是与动词同源的词,这样的译文有时比直接使用动词更地道、标准。

④形容词或副词转名词

由于语法结构和修辞的需要,汉语的形容词和副词也可以转译成英语的名词。

⑤名词转动词

有些情况下,汉语的名词由英语的动词表达,此时汉语中修饰名词的形容词也随之改为英语中作状语使用的副词。

(3) 词的增补

①语法需要

由于汉英两种语言的差异,汉译英时往往需要补充汉语里省去的词语或没有的词类,以使译文符合英语语法的要求。增词译法在汉译英中实际上是添加原文为了语言简洁而省去的成分,增补的词多为冠词(英语所特有)、代词或名词(充当句子的主语、宾语、定语等成分)、连词和介词等。

②意思表达需要

有时,为了使语言更加生动贴切,即便在语法上讲得通,也需要添加一些成分。

③文化背景解释的需要

中西文化差异的存在使得英语和汉语包含着许多文化色彩浓厚且不易为译文读者所理解的词语。因此,在翻译过程中需要使用增词译法,把相关文化背景知识翻译出来。

(4)词的减省

所谓词的减省,就是翻译时,把原文中一些仅仅为了语法上的需要而存在的词、词组加以适当省略,从而达到译文通顺、意思完整而句子精炼的目的。汉语中重复分部分可以是主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语等,在译成英语时需适当删减,以保持句子的通畅。

(5)词的替代

重复是汉语中常用的一种语篇衔接手段,虽然英语中也用重复,但多是利用词语的重复来体现语义的强调或进行语言润饰。汉语以重复见长,英语则以省略见长。因此在汉译英时,可采用替代的方法来避免重复。在英语中主要有三种替代现象:名词成分替代、谓语成分替代和分句替代。

(1) 词义选择

所谓词义选择,是指词本来就有这个意思,问题是要我们将其在特定场合的正确意思选出来。正确选词是保证译文质量的重要环节,如果能做到在词语意义和字面形式上都对等当然最好,如果不能兼顾,则取意义,舍形式。越是普通的词,越是拥有繁多的释义和搭配,翻译过程中的词义也就越难确定。选词时,要主语词义的广狭、所处的语境、词义的褒贬和感情色彩。

(2) 词类的转换

词类转换是汉译英常用的一种手段。汉语的动态性和具体性特点使其在语言运用上多用动词。英语则因其静态性和抽象性特点在语言使用上呈现出名词化和介词化倾向。在汉译英过程中,适当转换词性,可以使译文更符合英语表达习惯。

①动词转名词

汉语中名词使用比较频繁,而且名词既没有时态变化的约束,也没有谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式之分,名词甚至可以充当句子的各种成分。相反,英语动词的使用受到形式变化规则的严格限制。一个句子往往只有一个谓语动词,大量原来应该由动词表达的概念,常需借助于名词,因为名词比较不受形态规则变化的束缚,使用相对灵活、方便。

②动词转介词

介词与名词密切相关,英语名词的广泛使用使得介词得以频繁出现。而且英语中有些介词本身是由动词演变而来的,具有动词的特征。因此,汉译英时,有些动词可以用介词来表达。

③动词转形容词

汉语的一些动词也常常可以用英语的形容词来表达,这些形容词通常是与动词同源的词,这样的译文有时比直接使用动词更地道、标准。

④形容词或副词转名词

由于语法结构和修辞的需要,汉语的形容词和副词也可以转译成英语的名词。

⑤名词转动词

有些情况下,汉语的名词由英语的动词表达,此时汉语中修饰名词的形容词也随之改为英语中作状语使用的副词。

(3) 词的增补

①语法需要

由于汉英两种语言的差异,汉译英时往往需要补充汉语里省去的词语或没有的词类,以使译文符合英语语法的要求。增词译法在汉译英中实际上是添加原文为了语言简洁而省去的成分,增补的词多为冠词(英语所特有)、代词或名词(充当句子的主语、宾语、定语等成分)、连词和介词等。

②意思表达需要

有时,为了使语言更加生动贴切,即便在语法上讲得通,也需要添加一些成分。

③文化背景解释的需要

中西文化差异的存在使得英语和汉语包含着许多文化色彩浓厚且不易为译文读者所理解的词语。因此,在翻译过程中需要使用增词译法,把相关文化背景知识翻译出来。

(4)词的减省

所谓词的减省,就是翻译时,把原文中一些仅仅为了语法上的需要而存在的词、词组加以适当省略,从而达到译文通顺、意思完整而句子精炼的目的。汉语中重复分部分可以是主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语等,在译成英语时需适当删减,以保持句子的通畅。

(5)词的替代

重复是汉语中常用的一种语篇衔接手段,虽然英语中也用重复,但多是利用词语的重复来体现语义的强调或进行语言润饰。汉语以重复见长,英语则以省略见长。因此在汉译英时,可采用替代的方法来避免重复。在英语中主要有三种替代现象:名词成分替代、谓语成分替代和分句替代。

作文

1无重复原则

英语写作中经常会出现在同一文章中反复使用同一个词、词组的情况,这就是我们通常所说的重复。用词重复主要表现在名词、动词、形容词等实词的重复上。例如:

名词重复

Catherine offered him moral help and also practical help.

动词重复

I like reading while my brother likes playing football.

形容词重复

Mark Twain is famous for his short novels in America, and now he isalso becoming more and morefamous with Chinese readers.

为避免用词的重复,可采用以下方法:

省略

省略是避免重复最主要的手段。它可以节省词语,使句子结构更紧凑,还可以有效避免名词、动词、形容词的重复。例如:名词省略

They are fine actors. Smith is the finest (actor) I’ve ever s een.

动词省略

Jack needn’t stay here,but George must (stay here).

形容词省略

Robert seemed angry,and George certainly was (angry).

代词代替

这种方法主要用于解决名词的重复问题。例如:

Catherine offered him moral help and also practical help.

可改为:Catherineoffered him moral help and also practical one.

再如:Can you repairthis chair? I broke it yesterday.

同义词、反义词、派生词转换

名词、动词、形容词都适用这种方法。

名词同义词转换

原句:The snow was heavy last night.

修改后:It snowed heavily last night.

动词同义词转换

原句:The runner couldn’t catch up with the others in the race.

修改后:The runnerfell behind the others in the race.

形容词同义词转换

原句:I am completely confident that I am competent for the new job.

修改后:I am completely confident that I am qualified for the new job.

2短语优先原则

使用短语替换单词具有两大优势:

文章显得更为地道,增加亮点;

增加字数。

例:

原句:When he was a child,he wanted to learn everything.

修改后:When he was a child,he had a strong appetite for knowledge.

与原句中的wanted to learn everything相比,修改后的例句中的had astrong appetite for knowledge更能表现出“他”的求知若渴,表达更加生动。

常见的单词转化成短语的方法有:

形容词变短语方法:of+同根名词

常见的形容词及对应短语有:

形容词短语

very important 非常重要的of great importance

very difficult 非常困难的of great difficulty

very difficult 非常困难的of great difficulty

very beautiful 非常美丽的of great beauty

very useful 非常有用的of great use

very helpful 非常有帮助的of great help

very harmful 非常有害的of great harm

very valuable 非常有价值的of great value

very significant 至关重要的of great significance

very necessary 非常必要的of great necessity

动词变短语方法:同义短语替换

常用的动词和对应动词短语如下:

动词动词短语

stand 承受put up with

consider 考虑take...into consideration/account

exist 存在come into existence/being

like 喜欢be fond of, take delight in

support支持be in favor of, approve of

think 想,认为harbor the idea that, hold the view that

explain 解释account for

agree 同意,赞成approve of

conclude 得出结论come to/draw a conclusion

remember 记住bear/keep in mind

cause 引起bring about

raise 提出bring/put up, set forth

absorb采纳,吸收take in

cancel 取消call off

eliminate 取消completely get rid of

help 帮助give a hand

delay 耽误,耽搁hold off

emphasize 重视attach great importance to

replace 代替take the place of

use 使用make use of, take advantage of

know 知道be aware of

3词义具体化原则

所谓词义具体化就是指写作过程中尽量避免使用意义宽泛、模糊的词,要根据语境使用具体、生动的词。这些高分替换词,一定要马住!

低分词高分词

good 好的superb, brilliant, outstanding, awesome

bad 坏的adverse, evil, terrible, horrible

old 老的old-fashioned, outdated, antiquated, archaic

strange 陌生的eccentric, peculiar, odd, weird

short 短的transient, short-lived

forever 永远for good, perpetually

different 不同的unique, distinctive, dissimilar

do 做conduct, carry out, execute

see 看见witness, observe, spot, glimpse

increase 增加,提高soar, escalate, double/triple

walk 走wander, stride, sneak, creep

learn 学习acquire, review, master

get 取得obtain, attain

help 帮助assist, aid

mean 意思是suggest, indicate, imply, symbolize

picture 图画drawing, painting, cartoon

big 大的immense, enormous, tremendous

cause 引起give rise to, trigger, result in, arouse

make 做produce, create, develop

rich 丰富的wealthy, affluent, ample

cheap 便宜的economical, inexpensive, affordable

common 普遍的widespread, prevalent

change 改变transform, alter, modify

people 人individuals, adolescents, adults

famous 著名的renowned, celebrated, distinguished, prominent

think 想suppose, claim, maintain, presume, assume

keep 保存preserve, conserve

break 破坏undermine, jeopardize, devastate

温馨提示,由于英语词义范围非常广泛,即便是同义词也只是某种程度上的近似,不可能在意义上完全对等,所以大家在选词时要注意同义词含义上的细小差别哦。

例如:

句一:So there arises the problem:What should we do to get rid of the wrong attitudes toward the migrant workers?

句二:So there arises the question:What should we do to get rid of the wrong attitudes toward the migrant workers?

problem指的是“实际存在的问题”或“需要解决的现实问题”,question指的是“可获得解释或回答的问题”,此处用question更为恰当。

英语阅读理解学习方法

英语阅读理解学习方法 眼看同等学力英语考试的日子越来越近,但是很多同学感觉做阅读理解时阅读速度很慢,在阅读理解这一部分花费了大量的时间,但得分甚少,而且还影响了其他试题的解答。那么究竟如何提高阅读速度和做题的正确率呢? 方法/步骤 1. 1 资料的选择 首先,历年考试真题是必备的资料,真题是一个标准,做真题可以把握试题难度,出题角度,了解命题重点。其次,考研阅读辅导书,这种资料贵精不在多。做完后,我们应该反复的研读真题,思考不同类型文章的出题风格,从中摸索规律以提高阅读水平与做题技巧。 2. 2 积累词语要提高阅读水平,词汇量与短语量非常重要,打个比方:造房子要砖瓦材料,词汇就是阅读英语的砖瓦材料,没有相当量的英语词汇,阅读英语是无法进行的。所以要提高阅读水平,我们就得学会积累词语。我们不妨这么做:在通读全文后看第二遍,遇到生词尽可能根据上下文来猜,仍猜不出意思的,就把这些生字查好词典,然后抄写在一本可随身携带的小本子上。每天有空时,就拿出这小本子背诵记忆,这样做不费时,效果却很好,因不断接触,反复记忆,词汇量增加得很快。 3. 3 阅读能力的提高 阅读能力的测试包括阅读速度,理解程度以及记忆能力等。要想获得满意的英语成绩,最根本的方法就是提高词汇量,加强阅读训练,同时熟悉一些阅读技巧和做题方法也是至关重要的。每个人都有自己习惯的做题方法,不能说哪种方法更高明,要大家纷纷仿效。一种方法是

先快速浏览问题,然后带着问题通读全文,了解文章的大概内容,这一遍要快,不理解的地方跳过,然后做题。这时我们心中已大概知道答案的分布,跳过无关部分,快速找到答案所在处,仔细阅读,反复推敲,直到选出正确答案。可以用直接法和排除法相结合选择答案,排除法是四个选项都看,逐一排除选项,选出正确答案。这种方法可提高正确率,但花费的时间较长。 4. 4 另一种方法是先浏览文章后面的问题,然后带着问题去读文章。读完文章后我们常有这样的情况:句子都能看懂,但读完文章印象却不深,这就牵涉到对文章框架结构的整体理解。如何学会对文章的整体理解呢?首先,要重视文章的题目和文章的首句。因为文章的题目就是文章的主题,文章的内容就是环绕主题展开。首句很关键是因为首句是文章的导入,点明作者写文章的意图,背景等。接着的每一段的第一句也很重要,因为每段的第一句实际上多半是每段的主题句,然后进行陈述或论述,逐步展开,给予例证,最后把该段内容用一句话来小结,所以每段的最后一个句子常常是该段的结论句,而整篇文章的最后一句就往往是这篇文章的结论或作者写这篇文章的用意所在。所以我们在阅读文章时要养成这样一个习惯:见了文章的题目,要停顿一下,想一想,如果让你写这篇文章将如何写,或猜一猜,这篇文章大概写什么,然后你会饶有兴趣地读下去。接着在往下阅读时特别注意每段的第一句与最后一句,并用心记往,在读完全文时清晰地将全文的主要内容像看电影似的一幅一幅地印在脑中,记忆很深既把握住了全文的主要内容、论点、论据,又学会了作者的逻辑推理的方法技巧及整篇文章的框架结构,而这是写文章最重要的,也就是文章的构思。 5. 5 做阅读题,要避免以下几点: 第一,不忠于原文,主观选择答案。尤其对比较熟悉的题材或有个人习惯看法的问题往往容易以自己的主观看法代替作者的观点。阅读理解的各选项间干扰性很大,许多答案都有其合理的一面,但不是作者在文中要表达的观点,不是最确切的答案。所以我们必须仔细推敲,将原文的

大学英语B 阅读理解答案

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(完整版)大学英语四级阅读理解解题技巧

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英语阅读方法与解题技巧

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主旨题一般会涉及文章最中心的东西。应注意看文章的第一段和 每段首句实行总结。 准确解的特征:含有文章所涉及的中心词,简明扼要但概括全面。 切记: (1)只反映文章某一细节或某一段落的选项一定不是解 (2)如果文章用了大量的篇幅阐述一个问题或说明一个事物,只 在最后用少量的文字提及了一些与前面所论相反的内容或其他与前面 所论关系不很紧密的内容,文章的主旨不受后面的影响。能概括文章 主要阐述内容的为解。 二态度题: 态度题一般考作者的态度,有时也考文中某人的态度。态度题 最重要的是“看清楚是谁对谁的态度、谁对什么的态度”。 作者的态度一般会孕于文章的行文之中,一些形容词、副词都能 表现作者的态度。 eg:seem 常表示作者对所论问题的否定、批评态度。 only也常表示否定态度。 双重否定表示作者的强烈肯定或强烈否定,所以,此时作者的态 度便不太可能是objective(客观的)了,一般多掺进了作者自己的感情好恶。 有时作者也不直接表明态度,会通过举例或引用他人的话来说明 自己的态度。此时应注意:所引、举的例子与作者所论述的观点是否 一致,可借此来判断作者自己的态度。 注:(1)当问作者其所论内容的态度时,如当备选答案中有indifferent(漠不关心的)时,可首先排除,因为如果作者是漠不关 心的话,就不会写文章论述了。

(完整版)高中英语阅读理解的答题方法和技巧

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抓主题句这是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章,都是表述细节的句子在前,概述性的句子居后。此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。通常用演绎法撰写的文章,大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序,即从概述开始,随之辅以细说。这时,主题句就是文章的第一句。当然也有些文章没有主题句,需要读者自己去归纳。主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用,主旨大意题,归纳概括题,中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。 三、详读细节,理顺思路与文章脉络。 文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文,有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心,以时间或空间为线索,按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事;论述体则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素,通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点,详读细节,以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索,找出关键词语,运用"画图列表法",勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。 四、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。 在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想,加标题等)和推理判断题,是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一

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