(完整版)新概念英语1B全册句型总结

新概念英语1B全册句型总结

（一）There be 句型：

含义：表示某地存在或有某物。

结构：there is+可数名词单数形式/ 不可数名词

可数名词复数形式

children in the classroom. (肯定句)

Are there any children in the classroom？（一般疑问句）

There aren’t any children in the classroom.（否定句）

There is a cup on the shelf. fish in the window.(肯定句)

Is there a cup on the shelf? Is there any fish in the window?（一般疑问句）There isn’t a cup on the shelf. There isn’t any fish in the window.（否定句）

相关习题链接：

There are some magazines on the shelf.(转变成一般疑问句)

There are five books on the desk.

（二）情态动词用法：

can: 会，能够……必须

Lucy can speak English.(肯定句) He must find his English book

Lucy can’t speak Chinese.（否定句）.

-Can Lucy speak Chinese?（一般疑问句）

-Yes, she can./ No, she can’t.

相关习题链接：

I can speak English.(对划线部分提问)

He must find his key. (对划线部分提问)

He must to eat.（改错）

She must washes face.（改错）

（三）have got/ has got 句型

含义：表示某人拥有某物

(肯定句)

They haven’t got any tea. （否定句）Paul hasn’t got any CDS.

Have they got any tea? （一般疑问句）Has Paul got any CDS?

Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t.

相关习题链接：(对划线部分提问)

They have got some tea.

He has got a lot of presents.

Lucy has got an American camera.

（四）like用法1：当人称代词不是单数第三人称时；

U24：I like vegetables.

I don’t like fruit.

Do you like orange juice? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

相关习题链接：

转换成否定句)

They want some wine. (转换成一般疑问句)

They want some wine. (提问)

They want some wine.

（五）like 用法2：当人称代词是单数第三人称he/she/it时：

Unit25：Karen likes some sugar.

Karen doesn’t like any sugar.

Does Karen like any sugar?

相关习题链接：

转换成否定句)

Paul wants a bag of sugar.(转换成一般疑问句)

Paul wants a bag of sugar.(提问)

（六）祈使句

含义：表示命令，请求别人做某事。

肯定祈使句：

U26：Show me the menu, please.

Pass me a bowl of soup.

Give me one of those, please.

Just take them.

否定祈使句：

U24: Don’t worry about them.

（七）U27-30主要句型

’s the time?=

When is your appointment?

What’s the matter with him?/her? He’s got_________/_________/___________/__________

________/__________

”_______/_______/_______/______/___________ seasons Spring Summer Autumn Winter

weather

climate fine&warm hot&dry cool cold&wet

Which season do you like?_______________________________

What’s the weather like?==

seasons

Spring

Summer

Autumn

Winter

June

日一二三四五六

2345678

9101112131415

16171819202122

23242526272829

What day is it today? ___________________________

What’s the date today? ____________________________

When is your birthday? ________________________________

Which is the first month of the year? __________________________________

Which month comes after January? ___________________________________

Which month comes before March? _____________________________________

新概念青少版1B期末考试

一．写出下列单词的中文意思。（20分）

Big Ben_______ balance__________ hungry________ surprise_________terrible________ Shy__________remember_________shopping list________ menu_______ headache________

二．连词成句。（20分）

1.happy returns Many the of day!_____________________________________

2.weather What the is? _____________________________________

3.What is it day today? _____________________________________

4.got Has she a lot of friends? _____________________________________

5.believe Can you it? _____________________________________

三．句型题(34分)

1. There are some magazines on the shelf.(转变成一般疑问句)

2. There are five books on the desk.___________________________________________

3. There are five books on the desk.______________________________________________

4. There are five books on the desk. _________________________________________

5. I can speak English.(对划线部分提问) _________________________________________

7. They have got some tea.___________________________________________

8. He has got a lot of presents._______________________________________

9. They want some wine. (转换成一般疑问句)________________________________

10.They want some wine. (提问)___________________________________

11.They want some wine. _________________________________________________

12.Paul wants a bag of sugar.(转换成否定句)______________________________________

13.Paul wants a bag of sugar.(转换成一般疑问句)_____________________________________

14.Paul wants a bag of sugar.(提问)______________________________________

15.Paul wants a bag of sugar.(提问)_______________________________________

16.What’s the weather like?(同义句)________________________________________

17.What’s the time?（同义句）______________________________________________ 四．根据实际情况回答问题。（12分）

1.What day is it today? ___________________________

2.What’s the date today? ____________________________

3.When is your birthday? ________________________________

4.Which is the first month of the year? __________________________________

5.Which month comes after January? ___________________________________

6.Which month comes before March? _____________________________________

五．小作文（14分）

Weather

__________________________________________________________________________

新概念英语第四册课文word版

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Lesson1 We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.

新概念英语第一册重要句型语法Lesson31~36

新概念英语第一册重要句型语法Lesson31~36 新概念英语第一册重要句型语法Lesson31~32 一、重要句型或语法 1、现在实行时(主语为单数时) 1)表示此刻正在发生的动作。 2)现在分词的变化规则 (1)直接+ing，如：working, playing。 (2)以不发音的e结尾的单词，去e+ing，如：taking, writing。 (3)以重读闭音节结尾的单词，双写最后一个辅音字母+ing，如：sitting, shutting。 2、方位短语的表达现在实行时和方位短语经常一起连用，所以需要学习方位的表达。如：in the garden/under the tree/across the grass。二、课文主要语言点 Where's Sally, Jack? where用来提问地点，可复习一下之前学过的其他特殊疑问词的用法。 climb the tree 注意climb的发音，其中的b不发音。 I beg your pardon? 可结合第1课课文中的“Pardon?”作对比，“I beg your pardon?”作为完整形式，在此也起到强调作用，把 Jean的惊讶和难以置信的情绪表达出来了。

What about the dog? “What about...?”经常用来避免重复而作简洁提问。此外，也经常用来提建议，如：What about reading in the library?(到图书馆看看书怎么样?) It's running across the grass. run across表示“跑过”，比如：run across the street。 It's running after a cat. run after表示“追赶”，如：The police are running after the two robbers. 三、双课补充内容 1、操练句型：What's he/she/it doing? He/She/It's doing... 2、注意识记第64页单词表中的动词和名词。 3、数字：整万、整十万和百万的表达新概念英语第一册重要句型语法Lesson33~34 一、重要句型或语法 1、现在实行时(主语为复数时) 1)表示此刻正在发生的动作。 2)现在分词的变化规则 (1)直接 ing，如：working, playing。 (2)以不发音的e结尾的单词，去e ing，如：taking, writing。 (3)以重读闭音节结尾的单词，双写最后一个辅音字母 ing，如：sitting, shutting。 2、方位短语的表达现在实行时和方位短语经常一起连用，所以需要学习方位的表达。如：in the sky/over the bridge/on the river。

新概念英语第一册课文word版

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3) 向陌生人问路 Eg. Excuse me. Could you please tell me the way to the railway station? 劳驾，请问去火车站的路怎么走呢？ 4) 向某人借东西 Eg. Excuse me. Can I borrow your pen? 打扰下，可不可以接你的钢笔用下啊？ 5）需要从别人身边挤过或让别人给自己让路 Eg. Excuse me. Could you please make some room for me? 劳驾，借过下一下。 6）要求在宴会或会议中途中离开一会儿 Eg. Excuse me. May I leave for a little while? 对比起，我离开一下。 4、sorry 用于当你做错事而向别人道歉的时候，表示“对不起” 1）请问几点了？ Eg. Excuse me. What time is it? 2) 不小心把水弄到了别人身上。 Eg. Sorry. 或者I‘m sorry！ 3）对不起，我先失陪一下 Eg. Excuse me. 4) 误解了别人的意思 Eg. Sorry. 5、Yes 1) adv. 是的（对一般疑问句的肯定回答） Eg. Are you mad? 你疯了吗？ ----- Yes, I am. 是的，我疯了

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2、双宾动词 1)双宾动词是指某些动词后面可以跟两个宾语，表物的为直接宾语，表人的为间接宾语。 2)注意区分双宾动词后间接宾语前用to还是for的区别，一般表示动作对某人而做用to，表示动作为某人而做用for。如：He passed the salt to me. / She bought the tie for me. Lesson 4 时态复习现在完成时，表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响或结果，如：I have seen the film.该句可能暗含的潜台词是：我对这部电影的情节比较了解了或者我不愿意再看这部电影了。 1)标志性词语：already/just/yet/never/ever 2)常见时间状语：recently/lately;in the past/latest+一段时间;up to now/so far 3)have been to(去过已回)与have gone to(去了未回)的区别 4)瞬间动词(可用于完成时，但不能与一段时间连用)与持续动词的区别 5)since(+具体时间/时间点)与for(+一段时间/时间段)的区别 Lesson 5

新概念英语第四册笔记-完整版

L1 Finding fossil man We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas----legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. New words and expressions recount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述 / ' rei'kaunt/ 再数一次 record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后叙述：recount : emotionless 重复 describe depict： a little emotional narrate： temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。 portray：描述 saga /'sa:g[/ n.英雄故事描述的内容mostly real 北欧海盗活动的故事 legend /'ledV[nd/ n.传说，传奇 unreal e.g robin hood anthropologist/ 'AnWr['pCl[dVist/ n.人类学家 anthrop：人 philosophere :philo＋sopher|爱＋智慧＝哲学家 philanthropist : 慈善家（对人有爱心的人） anthropology :人类学带-gy结尾的都是学科：biology 生物学 geography 地理学 ecology 生态学 remote/ ri'm[ut/ n.遥远 ancestor / 'Ansest[/ n.祖先 an- 在前面 forefather,forebear ，predecessor祖先 rot/ rCt/ v.烂掉 leave me rot.＝leave me along rot to death. soon ripe,soon rotten. decay 国家民族逐渐衰亡 decompose 逐渐衰竭 deteriorate关系逐渐恶化 trace /treis/ n.痕迹，踪迹 trace the problem i follow your trace＝i follow where you go polynesia 波利尼西亚 poly-多 polyandric: a wife with more than one husband polygeny : a husband with more than one wife flint /flint/ n.燧石 flinting hearted fossil / ' fCsl/ n. 化石 cobble 鹅卵石 read of 读到谈到：speak of ,talk of ,know of,hear of near east：近东 mediterranean, south europe,north afric far east 非限定性从句，表原因 oral(spoken) language is earlier than written language. precede :什么在什么之前，不用比较，直接跟名词 counterpart: two things or two people have the same position oral(spoken) language is earlier than written counterpart. preserve: 保留，保存（腌制）如果句中有only，那后面的表语结构就要用to do sth,而不是doing sth. storyteller: 讲故事的人 fortuneteller, palmreader: 算命先生 migration ：移民１）migrant ２）immigrant v. migrate:迁移，迁徙 migratory bird:候鸟 none: no body people＋s 民族 if they had any: 即便是有 his relatives,if he had any,never went to visit him when he was hospitalized. find out千方百计，费尽周折＝explore modern men :the men who were like ourselves however－anywhere you want ,加逗号 but,yet－不加标点，only at the beginning of the sentence therefore－自由

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第三人称单数及单数名词 He likes books. She likes him. The dog likes bones. ★变疑问句在句首加does, 动词变为原型 Does he like books Does she like him Does the dog like bones ★变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn’t, 动词变为原型 He doesn’t like books. She doesn’t like him. The dog doesn’t like bones. ★肯定回答及否定回答： Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t. Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t. 注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S，不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词 I want to have a bath. We have some meat. The students like smart teachers. ★变疑问句在句首加do Do you want to have a bath Do we have any meat

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新概念英语4答案,新概念英语第四册答案Unit 1 CABDD BDAAC AB Unit 2 BCBDC ACAAD BC Unit 3 CABDA CDABA CD Unit 4 ACCAB BCDAA BD Unit 5 CABAB DACBB DD Unit 6 CACCC AAADB AA Unit 7 DCABA BACDA AC Unit 8 BDABD BAABC BC Unit 9 CDBAA CABAC AD Unit 10 CAABD CBBDC AA Unit 11 AABDD DADDB DD Unit 12 CABAC CDACA AB Unit 13 ACDAC BDABC AD Unit 14 DBDCC ACCBD BD Unit 15 CADCD DBACA CA Unit 16 ABCCA DDBAB AC Unit 17 BBADA BBDCD CA Unit 18 BABCD CDCCC BA Unit 19 BBCAD AABDD BC Unit 20 BCADC CCBDB CA

Unit 21 BDBBA ADDAB CA Unit 22 CDACB ADBCD AB Unit 23 CADCC DCABC AC Unit 24 AACCB CADDA CD Unit 25 DBADD CACDB CA Unit 26 CBCBA CDDAB AC Unit 27 BCDCC ACCDD DA Unit 28 ADCDA BCADA BD Unit 29 CCADD CCADA BC Unit 30 CABDD BCCAC DC Unit 31 AABAD BADDC BD Unit 32 BDCBA DBDCA BC Unit 33 BDBAD BCCDC BA Unit 34 DCACB DACDB CA Unit 35 CBCAC ABBDC CD Unit 36 ACBCC ACCDB AC Unit 37 CABAC DBCDC BD Unit 38 CAABB ACBDD AB Unit 39 BCADA BDDBD BC Unit 40 DCDAC ADDDA DB

新概念英语第一册重要句型及语法Lesson129~134(最新)

新概念英语第一册重要句型及语法Lesson129~130 一、重要句型及语法情态动词：本课仍然是有关情态动词表猜测的用法，侧重点的是must和can't对过去发生的动作或状态的猜测，其结构基本为：must/can't have been/done/been doing。如： You must have been driving at seventy miles an hour. I can't have been. I must have been dreaming. 二、课文主要语言点 Look, Gary! That policeman's waving to you. He wants you to stop. 1)当look被用作提示语时，其后的句子的谓语动词经常要采用现在进行时。 2)wave to sb. 向某人招生示意。 3)want如果后接动词有两种用法，即sb. want to do sth.和sb. want sb. else to do sth. 前者表示某人自己想做什么，而后者表示某人想要其他人做什么。注意对比：He wants to stop. vs. He wants you to stop. Where do you think you are? On a race track? You must have been driving at seventy miles an hour. 1)“Where do you think you are?”中的do you think后面接的是where引导的疑问句。注意本句其实是个反诘句，不需要回答的，注意朗读时语气要把警察强烈的责备语气读出来。2)“On a race track?”是个省略疑问句，其完整形式为：“Do you think you are on a race track?” 3)an hour中的an不是表示数量，而是表单位，意思为“每...” 4)注意“drive at+速度”的用法，速度前要用介词at。 5)注意本句话中的must have been doing 其实是使用了完成进行时，这要到第二册才会正式学习，在此不宜作拓展解释。建议只给学生提供中文意思解释。 I can't have been. 这是一句简略回答，其完整形式为：I can't have been driving at seventy miles an hour。 I was doing eighty when I overtook you. 1)可提问学生为什么本句话中的谓语动词都采用了过去的时态(因为警察描述的是当时Gary超速驾驶时，警察追赶他时的情景)。2)“do+速度(数字即可)”，相当于“drive at+速度”。3)overtake，从后面超越，超车。 4)可复习一下在过去时间的背景下when和while的用法。

新概念英语第一册课文全中文

新概念英语第一册课文（全中文）$课文1对不起！ 1对不起 2什么事？ 3这是您的手提包吗？ 4对不起，请再说一遍。 5这是您的手提包吗？ 6是的，是我的。 7非常感谢！ $课文3对不起，先生。 8请把我的大衣和伞拿给我。 9这是我（寄存东西）的牌子。 10谢谢，先生。 11是5号。 12这是您的伞和大衣 13这不是我的伞。 14对不起，先生。 15这把伞是您的吗？ 16不，不是！ 17这把是吗？ 18是，是这把 19非常感谢。 $课文5很高兴见到你。 20早上好。 21早上好，布莱克先生。 22这位是索菲娅 23索菲娅是个新学生。 24她是法国人。 25索菲娅，这位是汉斯。 26他是德国人。 27很高兴见到你。 28这位是直子。 29她是日本人。 30很高兴见到你。 31这位是昌宇。 32他是韩国人。 33很高兴见到你。 34这位是鲁明。 35他是中国人。 36很高兴见到你。 37这位是晓惠。 38她也是中国人。 39很高兴见到你。 $课文7你是教师吗？

40我是个新学生， 41我的名字叫罗伯特。 42很高兴见到你。 43我的名字叫索菲娅。 44你是法国人吗？ 45是的，我是法国人。 46你也是法国人吗？ 47不，我不是。 48你是哪国人？ 49我是意大利人。 50你是教师吗？ 51不，我不是。 52你是做什么工作的？ 53我是电脑录入员。 54你是做什么工作的？ 55我是工程师。 $课文9今天好吗？ 56你好，海伦 57你好，史蒂文 58你今天好吗？ 59很好，谢谢你。 60你好吗？ 61很好，谢谢。 62托尼好吗？ 63他很好，谢谢。 64埃玛好吗？ 65她也很好，海伦。 66再见，海伦。 67见到你真高兴。 68我见到你也很高兴，史蒂文。69再见。 $课文11这是你的衬衫吗？ 70那是谁的衬衫？ 71戴夫，这是你的衬衫吗？ 72不，先生。 73这不是我的衬衫。 74这是我的衬衫。 75我的衬衫是蓝色的。 76这件衬衫是蒂姆的吗？ 77也许是，先生。 78蒂姆的衬衫是白色的。 79蒂姆！ 80什么事，先生。 81这是你的衬衫吗？ 82是的，先生。 83给你。

(完整版)旧版新概念英语第四册文本

Lessorfl Finding fossil man We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas-legends handed dow n from one gen e ratio n of story-tellers to ano ther. These lege nds are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have n either history nor lege nds to help them to find out where the first 'modern merT came from. Fort un ately, however, ancient men made tools of st one, especially flint, because this is easier to shape tha n other kin ds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. Lesson2 Spare that spider Why, you may won der, should spiders be our friends ? Because they destroy so many in sects, and in sects in elude some of the greatest en emies of the huma n race. In sects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat in sects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the nu mber destroyed by spiders. Moreover, un like some of the other in sect eaters, spiders n ever do the least harm to us or our belongings. Spiders are not in sects, as many people think, nor even n early related to them. One can tell the differe nee almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legs and an in sect n ever more than six. How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf ? One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre, that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killi ng in sects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the in sects destroyed by spiders in Britai n in one year would be greater tha n the total weight of all the human beings in the country. Lesson3 Matterhorn man Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all.

新概念英语Ⅰ句型的总结

) 新概念英语Ⅰ(句型的总结．新概念1（句型汇总）新概念英语第一册1—72课的句型和短语 1，excuse me . 打扰了，对不起。用于与陌生人搭话，打断别人的说话或是从别人身边挤过等等。 2，sorry! 对不起。用于社交场合，向他人表示歉意。 3，pardon? = I beg your pardon? 请你再说一遍。请求对方把刚才说的话再重复一遍。

4，Nice to meet you. ----------- How do you do? 很高兴见到你/你好！两个都是用在初次见面时给对方打招呼。前者用于非正式场合，后者用于正式场地合。，人名这是某人向某人介绍你的朋友或是同 5 This is + 事等等（主系表）++ 6，What's your job? 你是做什么工作的？ 7，What nationality are you ? = where are you from? =where do you come from? 你来自哪个国家？/你来自哪里？ 8，How are you? 你好吗？这是朋友或是相识的人之间见面时向对方身体情况的寒暄话。一般回答：Fine ,thank you 或是 Not bad/so,so /terrible 很好，谢谢/不是很好/老样子/很糟糕 9，Nice to see you. 见到你很高兴。见面时的客气话。 10，Whose is this? 这是谁的？ 11，What colour is this ? 这是什么颜色？ 12，come upstairs and see it . 到楼上去看看吧。 2 新概念1（句型汇总）一般表示目的用to, 但这是用and也是表示目的。例如：come and see me. 来见我。 13，Here you are. 给你。 14，What's the matter ? 怎么啦？ What's the matter with you /her? 你/她怎么啦？

新概念英语句型的灵活应用

1. The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year Celebrations were good. ( L29 ) 句型解剖：sb?s chances of doing sth are good 某人做某事的可能性很大该例句的后半部分，即“that”引导的宾语从句部分，意思就是：他能离开医院回去过新年的可能性很大。其中“chances”一词解释为“可能性；很有可能发生的事情”，一般作复数。而句末的“good”是修饰“chances”一词，在这里作表语，引申为“（可能性）很大”；如果是“可能性不大”可以把“good” 改成“remote”或者是“slim”。整个短语还能变形为：The chances that ……ar e good. 或者The chances are good that…… （其中that引导的是“chances”一词的同位语从句）。另外再补充些有关“chance”作为“可能性”的短语： There is a chance of / that ……. 某事很有可能 There is a remote chance of / that……. 某事不大有可能 Chances are that……某事发生很有可能 The chances are ten to one that 事情十有八九会…… sb have a chance of doing sth 某人很有可能做某事 sb have no chance of doing sth 某人不大有可能做某事 sb?s chances of…… are greatly improved / increased某人做某事的可能性大大地增加了 sb?s chances of…… are greatly reduced某人做某事的可能性大大地减小了另外，英语中的“odds”一词也能用来表示“可能性”代替“chances”一词。具体例句参考下文最后两句例句。联想运用：1) 看现在这种情形，他很有可能被吵鱿鱼。 Considering the current situation, his chances of being fired are good. 2) 根据我的经验，这种植物很少能有捱过冬天的。 According to my experience, the chances of the plant of surviving the winter are remote. 3) 比尔已经向哈佛大学申请助教职位，但他得到它的可能性很小。