2021《【研究小金库的治理方法与防范措施】 开展小金库专项治理》

2021《【研究小金库的治理方法与防范措施】 开展小金库专项治理》
2021《【研究小金库的治理方法与防范措施】 开展小金库专项治理》

《【研究小金库的治理方法与防范措施】开

展小金库专项治理》

【摘要】

中央虽然三令五申禁止设立“小金库”,但“小金库”仍然以各种形式存在。近几年,中央加大了对小金库的查处力度,按照更加注重治本、更加注重预防、更加注重制度建设的精神,有效地遏制了“小金库”蔓延的势头。本文分析了产生“小金库”问题的原因,提出对“小金库”治理工作的建议,探讨如何采取长期有效的防范措施,实现对“小金库”的长效防治。

【关键词】

小金库;原因分析;治理方法;防范措施

“小金库”是指凡违反国家财经法规及其他有关规定,侵占、截留国家和单位收入,且未列入本单位财务会计部门帐内或未纳入预算管理,私存、私放的各项资金,且具有较强的普遍性、隐蔽性和危害性。单位私自设立“小金库”是严重的违法违纪行为,不仅阻碍了市场经济的正常运行,造成国家经济的巨大损失,而且腐化了社会风气,阻碍了党风廉政建设,对社会的和谐稳定发展危害性极大。

一、对“小金库”存在原因的分析

(1)个人及局部不正当利益的需求。我国尚处于社会主义初级阶段,人口基数大,贫富差距大,是我国的基本国情。大部分人的物质生活水平相对较低,与国际接轨后,人们的消费需求加大,偏少的合法收入与较高的消费需求矛盾日益突出,加上部分人攀比思想严

重,急于提高生活档次,于是把目光转向国有资产,而貌似合法的“小金库”很快就被这些人当作聚敛钱财的最佳方式。(2)部分单位领导法律观念淡薄,认识错位。目前有不少的单位特别是一些领导,法律意识淡薄,法制观念不强,不能充分认识到私设“小金库”的危害性,没有把财务管理纳入日常管理,也没有明确的责任分工。认为设立“小金库”是搞好上下级关系、调动员工积极性、获得群众拥护的有效举措,被查出的可能性也比较小,而且部分受益者已切切实实地感受到“小金库”给自己带来了实实在在的好处,不设反而吃亏,因而他们乐此不疲,更有甚者与设立者结成利益同盟,获取更大的利益。(3)制度体系不完善,责任追究不到位。“小金库”的产生和发展,原因很多,在健全体制上涉及相关的教育、监督、制度、改革等等,要统盘考虑各方面存在的制度机制的缺陷,我认为主要有三个方面原因:首先是支付制度监管不到位。有些单位在集中核算时,实行财务统管,但在建账时,却单独设账管理。其次是内控制度不健全。会计核算制度不规范,相互之间缺乏约束机制。最后是主管单位与机构职能界定不清。很多单位的领导干部利用在社会团体机构中兼任的职务开展财务活动,隐蔽性很强,不易被人发现,成为设立“小金库”的避风港。(4)监督力量不足,落实不到位。一是内部监督落实不到位。“小金库”设立较隐密,知情面窄,难以察觉。大多数“小金库”的设立和资金的使用是由单位主要负责人决定的,其它干部群众根本不知情,没有办法监督。还有部分管理人员明明知道私设“小金库”是违法违纪行为,但为了迎合领导的旨意而不敢监督。二是外部监督力量不足。

“小金库”主要是由财政、审计和税务等部门负责监督检查。这些相关部门工作协调配合不充分、各自为政、不能形成合力发挥综合效能。致使“小金库”问题不能及时被发现,形成了“真空地带”。(5)相关法律法规不健全,惩处不力。法律法规不健全和立法工作滞后是“小金库”屡禁不止的最根本的源头。我国现行刑法没有设立追究“小金库”的法律责任条文,面对许多新型的财政违法违纪现象,无法进行全面的概括与总结,对“小金库”中的重大问题也无法追究刑事责任,不利于提高对“小金库”问题的重视程度。在实际查处过程中,存在对“小金库”有“认同”心理,认为“小金库”是为了解决职工福利、搞活关系、方便工作的需要等等,在处理上网开一面,只对单位进行处罚,而对责任人追究较少。惩处不力,降低了设立“小金库”的责任风险成本,诱发了一些单位和人员的侥幸心理,导致守法意识淡薄,严重影响法律的严肃性和强制性。

二、加强对“小金库”的治理工作

(1)加强领导组织,强化干部教育。组织领导干部深入学习,加强对防治“小金库”知识培训,加强党风廉政建设及责任追究教育、警示教育,提高领导干部的认识水平和责任意识。同时加强领导组织,成立“小金库”专项治理领导小组,履行职责,分工协作,要切实担负起“小金库”治理工作的领导责任,把“小金库”治理摆在重要位置,工作中不走过场,做到亲自部署、亲自督办,相关部门相互配合,齐抓共管,全力做好“小金库”的治理工作。(2)加强舆论宣传,提高道德意识。加强“小金库”宣传教育工作,充分利用网络、电视、

广播、报纸等各种渠道,及时通报治理“小金库”的工作进展情况,让群众明明白白地了解专项治理工作的内容和政策规定,并选择典型的案例予以公开曝光,形成浓厚的道德氛围,增强领导干部和财会人员的法制和自律意识。防微杜渐,确保财务收支活动的合法、合规和有效。(3)完善法制体系,增强法律意识。以法律法规为前提展开治理工作是重中之重,加强立法,断其源头,修订相关的现行法律法规,对“小金库”违法行为的概念界定,监督检查,责任追究以及相关法律的适用性做出全面、系统、权威的规定。从根本上杜绝“小金库”,还应制定防治“小金库”的特别法律,明确“小金库”的刑事责任、加大处罚力度,才可能堵住私设“小金库”的源头。在条件允许的情况下,也可以直接提请立法机关起草制定专门的《“小金库”违法行为防治方法》。(4)加强综合治理。开展“小金库”专项治理活动,加大处罚力度,完善相关部门之间的工作协作机制,宣传和教育相结合,提高领导干部的认识,进一步更新理念,探索适应防治“小金库”工作需要的方式方法,建立预防控制机制,提高制度的透明度、影响力和知晓率,促使“小金库”的治理工作健康发展。

三、建立防范“小金库”问题的长效机制措施

按照“更加注重治本、更加注重预防、更加注重制度建设”的精神要求,通过完善制度、强化监管和依法处理,把建立和完善防治“小金库”的长效机制作为重中之重,从根源上彻底铲除“小金库”。(1)完善制度,深化改革,构建“小金库”治理保障机制。加强制度建设是防治“小金库”最有效、最持久的手段。立足于“小金库”的本质,

必须从完善制度入手,如完善预算管理制度,现金管理制度,结算支付制度等等。但必须突出重点,牢牢掌握单位所属机构的财务管理现状,抓住银行账户管理,现金管理,发票管理等几个关键的基础性制度,严格限定现金使用的范围条件,严禁大额提取和使用现金行为,严管发票的使用和管理,使会计信息真实地反映其经济状况,杜绝单位由于财务管理混乱形成账外账、账外资金的隐患。同时,加强这些制度之间的整体协调与配合,从根本上发挥制度在防治“小金库”中的基础性作用。(2)强化监管,追究责任,构建“小金库”治理约束机制。加强监督检查,严格落实责任追究制,是防止设立“小金库”的一道重要“屏障”,也是构建防治“小金库”长效机制的重要保障。加大监督投入,把财政监督、行政监督、审计监督、司法监督、群众监督和有效结合起来,在管理的各个环节“堵塞漏洞”,使监督制度落到实处。同时也要认真做好举报的受理工作,部门内部可以放置举报箱,设置举报电子邮箱这种隐蔽方式提供举报信息,并要严格保密,切实保护举报人的合法权益。(3)依法处理,严惩不贷,构建“小金库”治理惩处机制。完善相关处罚规定,加大处罚力度,实行责任追究制度,将处罚的重心由对单位的经济处罚转向对直接责任人个人的经济处罚和行政处分乃至司法处理,从根本上抵制设立“小金库”的思想,彻底铲除“小金库”的土壤。对在专项治理工作中发现“小金库”数额巨大、情节严重的,按照有关规定从重处理,涉嫌犯罪的移交司法机关依法处理;对于顶风违纪、对抗检查、销毁证据的,对其主要领导和直接责任人严肃查处,;而对于自查认真、纠正及时的,

可减轻处罚。做到多管齐下,全面实施,不给“小金库”一丝生存空间。

上述研究只对一部分问题进行了探讨,还有很多问题需要深入研究。“小金库”治理工作具有长期性,随着工作的深入开展,也会出现很多的新问题,如何进一步完善“小金库”长效治理机制仍是一个重要课题,也是一项十分艰巨而重要的任务。

参考文献

[1]岳伟.行政事业单位“小金库”的成因及对策.中国审计报.第807期[2]黄颖.小金库问题的防患与治理措施[j].城市建设理论研究.xx(8)

[3]郑俊青.论“小金库”的日常防范[j].经济师.xx(11)

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