高中英语语法系统讲解之十名词性从句
名词性从句
一. 名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。其引导词有从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。从属连词that、if （whether）。that无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if（whether）虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语或定语。连接副词when，where，why，how有词义，在从句中担任成分(状语)。
Whether he will come out (主语从句) is unknown
It is unknown whether he will come out or not (主语从句)
I don’t know whether he will come out (宾语从句)
The question is whether he will come out (表语从句)
The question whether he will come out or not is not settled(同位语从句).
1. 主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
○1由从属连词引导：如That the earth turns around the sun is known to all.
Whether it is true remains a question.
It’s not sure if he will succeed.
易错误区：if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，而whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句尾。
○2由连接代词引导：如What we need is more practice.
Which team will win the championship is uncertain.
○3由连接副词引导：如Where the meeting will be held hasn’t been decided.
When he will return is the most important question.
○4由it作形式主语的几种情况：
A. It + 系动词+ 名词+ that从句
常用名词： a fact“事实”；an honour“荣耀”；common sense“常识”； a wonder“奇迹”；
good news；a shame“遗憾，耻辱”；a pity“遗憾”；no wonder“难怪”。
如It is no wonder that he’s made so much progress.
It is a pity that you didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.
B. It + 系动词+ 形容词+ that从句
常用形容词：natural，strange，obvious，important，clear，certain，likely，wrong，necessary，unlikely，right。如It is likely that there will be a heavy rain tomorrow.
It is strange that you should like him.
C. It + 不及物动词+ that从句
常见不及物动词：seem，happen，appear，seem。
如It happened to me that I had been away when she called.
It seems that you didn’t like her.
D. It + be + 过去分词+ that从句
常用过去分词：reported，decided，suggested，said，announced，told，heard，hoped，thought，advised，ordered，remembered，considered，worked out。
如It is said that he is studying abroad.
温馨提示：○1It is necessary / important / strange / natural + that从句中，从句常用：“should + 动词原形”，其中should可省略。如It is necessary that one master the skills of operating computers. ○2It + be + suggested / advised / ordered / requested / insisted / required + that 从句中，从句常用“should + 动词原形”，其中should可省略。如It was suggested they start the project the next month.
2. 宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句、表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
○1由从属连词引导：如I think (that) watching TV too much is bad for people’s health.
I wonder if you can do me a favour.
○2由连接代词引导：如I wonder what has happened to him.
He asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.
○3由连接副词引导：如I wonder why she refused my invitation.
Can you tell me where the nearest post office is?
○4介词后的宾语从句：如Tom is a nice boy, except that he is sometimes late for school.
It depends on whether the manager will agree to the plan or not.
○5非谓语动词后的宾语从句：如Realizing that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner
smiled and said nothing.
温馨提示：○1宾语从句的时态呼应：当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况而使用不同时态；当主句动词是过去时，从句则用相应的过去时态形式，当从句表示
的是客观真理、自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。
○2宾语从句的否定转移：在think，believe，imagine，suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式，即将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中。如
We don’t think you are here. I don’t believe he will do so. 。这类句子后若带有附加疑问句，应用肯定形式来反问，反问部分主语应和从句一致。如：I don’t believe she has finished the job, has she?
○3动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后面有宾语补足语时，须用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。如I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.
○4有些动词，如hate，like，dislike，appreciate等后跟when或if引导的宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it。如I hate it when they talk whit their mouths full of food.
○5同时有些短语，如see to，count on，depend on，rely on等后跟that引导的宾语从句时，其前需要加it。如Would you see to it that the children get a hot meal after their swim? 3. 表语从句
一般位于主句中的系动词之后，常用that，whether，as if / though，what，how，when，where，why等引导。
○1以that引导的表语从句，that无词意，且通常不能省略，但在口语或非正式文体中可省略。如：The cause is that the temperature of water is lower than needed.
○2以whether引导的表语从句不可用if替代。The question is whether he is able to do it alone. ○3由连接代词引导：代词主要有who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whomever，whosever，whatever，whichever等。如This is what I am interested in.
○4由连接副词引导：副词主要有when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however 等。如That was where we camped last time.
The question is how we can do the work better.
○5由连词because，as if，as though等引导：
以as if / though引导的表语从句通常位于系动词look，seem，feel等之后，从句有陈述和虚拟两种语气，若所表达的意思是真实的，就用陈述语气；若表述与客观事实相反的
假设，则用虚拟语气。
如It seems as if it is going to snow. It looks as if he were a Japanese.
4. 同位语从句
同位语从句用于某些抽象名词之后，说明名词的具体内容，这些名词有fact，hope，desire，thought，suggestion，idea，news，problem，possibility，truth，decision，rule，evidence，conclusion，opinion，feeling等，对前面的名词起补充作用。
○1由从属连词that，whether引导：
如I didn’t receive the news that the meeting had been put off.
The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.
The fact that you haven’t enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable.
○2由连接代词引导：如You can have no idea what he said.
○3由连接副词引导：如I have no idea when he will be back.
温馨提示：○1同位语从句中特别要注意：表示建议、命令、要求等的名词（如suggestion，proposal，advice，order，request）等后接同位语从句时，从句通常使用虚拟语气，谓语
动词用“（should）+ 动词原形”。
如：That is my suggestion that we (should) try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.
○2、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句不同于定语从句，前者通常放在fact，hope，desire等抽象名词后面对名词加以补充说明，二者之间是同位关系；后者对名词加以限制，二者之间是修饰与被修饰的
关系：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
We must face the fact that we had spent all the money. (同位语从句)
The letter that I received was from my father. (定语从句)
最新高中英语语法定语从句总复习
高中英语语法定语从句总复习 郴州资兴三中李俊才 定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫 作定语从句。 一、关系带词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose (=of whom) Whose (=of which) that 例１：This is the detective who came from London. 例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. ２．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。） (2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。 (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分 概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
高中英语语法系统全解【珍藏版】
高中英语语法系统全解 第一章动词时态 在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。一、一般时 一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。 A.一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s 或-es。 They want good jobs. 他们想要好的工作。 The coat matches the dress. 外衣和裙子很相配。 This work does not satisfy me. 这项工作我不满意。 Do you understand? 你懂了吗? 2．一般现在时的用法 ①一般现在时的基本用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high spirits now. 现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起在西方落下。 Sound travels faster through water than it does through air. 声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。
Time and tide wait for no man. 时间不等人。 c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态 This cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很软。 I love classical music. 我喜欢古典音乐。 The President still seems able to find time to go fishing. 看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。 d. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 The meeting begins at 7:00. 会议七点钟开始。 We leave here at 8:00 sharp. 我们八点整离开这里。 e. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作 When you come next time, bring me some magazines. 你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。 If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。 Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home. 不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。 ②一般现在时的特殊用法 a. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中 China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful 中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功 Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow 劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科 b. 用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中 Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.
1.高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语
高中英语语法通霸1. 句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语
英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划分句子成分的符号 主语在下面画直线 谓语在下面画曲线 宾语在下面画双横线 定语在下面画虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”） 状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟） 补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙） 同位语上下双曲线（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同） 考点1.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构： 1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。 7. 名词化的形容词（如the rich） 在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。 On the desk are some books. (主语是books，所以用are) Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy，所以用jumps ) Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are) 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health.
高中英语非限定性定语从句语法归纳
非限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种，是定语从句的分支之一。作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。运用非限定性定语从句，尤其要注意其语法运用及其所表示的东西。 1 who引导的非限制性定语从句 Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook. 我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。 My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year. 我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。 2 whom引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。 如：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。 3 whose引导的非限制性定语从句。 whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。 如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。 The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period. 这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。 4 which引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ①which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。 如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。 She is an artist，which I am not. 她是一位艺术家，而我不是。 Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。 ②which指代主句中的形容词。 如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 She is always careless，which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。 ③which指代主句中的某个从句。
2019精选教育高三一轮复习高中英语语法必备句子(含答案).doc(最新整理)
背诵这些句子，英语语法再也不用愁了！ It句型 1. It is/has been 3 years since he got married. 他结婚3年了。 2. It will be 3 years /a long time before everything returns to normal. （将）要3年/很长时间一 切才恢复原状。 3. It was 3 hours before the fire was put out. 过了三个小时大火才被扑灭。 4. It won’t be long before he comes back. 不会要很久他就会回来的。 5. It/This is/was the first(second) time (that) I have been/had been here. 这是我第一（二）次我 来 6. It makes no difference to me when the sports meeting will be held. 运动会什么时候举行对我说无关紧要。 7. Two many students find it difficult to get into the classroom on time in the morning. 太多学生觉得早上按时到校很难。 9. It was Oct 1st, 1949 when PRC was founded. 中华人民共和国成立的时间是 10. It was on Oct 1st, 1949 that China was founded. 中华人民共和国就是在1949年10月1日 成立的。 虚拟语气 11. If I were you, I wouldn’t help him. 如果我是你，我就不会帮他。（与现在） 12. If it were to rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go for the picnic. If it should rain… If it rained …如果明天下雨，我就不去野餐。（与将来） 13. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 如果你早一点来你就会遇上他了。（与过 去） 14. (How)I wish I knew the answer now, but I don’t know. 我希望我现在知道答案。（wish） 15. (How)I wish I had known the answer, but I didn’t know. 我希望我当时知道答案，但我不知道。 （wish） 16. I would rather you had finished your homework. 我宁愿你已经完成了作业。（would rather） I would rather (that) you came to see me tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来看我。 I would rather (that) you left now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。 17. If only I had been to Beijing. 要是我去过北京就好了。（if only） 18. If you had taken/followed the doctor’s advice, you would recover now. 如果你听了医生的劝告，你现在就康复了。（混用） 19. He suggested that we (should) put the meeting forward. His accent suggested that he came fro m Hubei. 他建议我们提前开会，他的口音暗示他来自湖北。（宾从中虚拟与陈述） 20. What is required at the meeting is that the night school (should)be set up by October 1. 会议上提出的要求是夜校要在10月1号前建立。 21. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. 他在进球之前犹豫了一下，要不然，球就进了。 情态动词
人教版高中英语【必修二】[语法讲解
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高考英语语法专练之定语从句 1 ? The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ___ t he sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C? from which D. for which 2.The English play _____ my students acted at the New Yearns party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 3.There were dirty marks on her trousers ___ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that 4.There are altogether eleven books on the shelf； ___ five are mine. A. on which B. in which C? of which D? from which 5.George Orwell, __ w as Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays? A. the real name B? what his real name C? his real name D. whose real name 6. ___ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress? A. It B. As C. That D. What 7.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _____ , of course, made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which & The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _____ a re sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that 9.American women usually identify their best friend as someone ____ t hey can talk frequently? A. who B? as C? about which D. with whom 10.___ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As 11 ? There was __ time _____ I hated to go to school. A. a; that B? a; when C. the; that D. the; when 12.There are two buildings, ____ stands nearly a hundred feet high. A. the larger B. the larger of them C? the larger one that D. the larger of which 13.What surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it. A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 14.1work in a business _____ a lmost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that
高中英语语法全英详解
必修一 语法点一：Be+v.ing表将来use the present continuous tense for future plans In English, we have lots of ways of talking about the future. The most common ways of talking about the future we encounter use ‘will’ or ‘be going to’ followed by an infinitive（动词原形）, and we tend to use ‘be going to’ most often for talking about future plans. Sometimes, we also use the present continuous tense to talk about future plans. Ex. ①we are going to Mexico next Sunday. ②Are you coming to the cinema? ③He is leaving for London in two hours. ④We are spending next winter in Australia. Only some verbs can be used in this situation, such as: go, arrive, come, leave, start, stay, return, play, have, work, wear, spend, see, meet, etc. 扩展： What’s the difference between using ‘be going to’ and the present continuous to talk about future plans? Let’s look at some more examples: “I’m going to play football on Saturday” You have made a plan in your head but possibly not taken any real action to confirm it. Also, playing football on Saturday is probably not a regular event for you. “I’m playing football on Saturday” You have made a plan and taken some real action to confirm it (e.g. called your friends or booked a place to play). In this case, it’s likely that playing football on Saturdays is a common activity for you. 语法点二：Direct speech and indirect speech(直接引语和间接引语) Let's first define the terms, then look at how to talk about what someone said, and how to convert speech from direct to indirect or vice-versa. You can answer the question What did he say? in two ways: by repeating the words spoken (direct speech) by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech). Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Quotation marks are not used. 1、declarative sentence陈述句 ①Change in pronoun: The pronoun (subject) of the reported speech is changed according to the pronoun of reporting verb or object (person) of reporting verb (first part of sentence). Sometimes the pronoun may not change. In following example the pronoun of reported speech is “I” which will be changed in indirect speech into the pronoun (Subject) of reporting verb that is “he”. He said, “I like it very much.”→He said that he liked it very much. ②Change in tense: If the first part of sentence (reporting verb part) belongs to past tense the tense of reported speech will change. If the first part of sentence (reporting verb part) belongs to present or