高中英语阅读理解技巧和方法完整版及练习题

高中英语阅读理解技巧和方法完整版及练习题

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Home Laundry Automatic Dryer Product

Full Two Year Warranty（保修）

Limited Five Year Warranty on Cabinet（机箱）

Warranty Provides for：

FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge.

THIRD THRU FIFTH YEARS Amana will provide a free replacement part for any cabinet which proves faulty due to rust（生锈）.

Warranty Limitations：

Warranty begins at date of original purchase.

Applies only to product used within the United States or in Canada if product is approved by Canadian Standards Association when shipped from factory.

Products used on a commercial or rental basis not covered by this warranty.

Service must be performed by an Amana servicer.

Adjustments covered during first year only.

Warranty Does Not Cover It If：

Product has damage due to product change，connection to an improper electrical supply> shipping and handling, accident, fire, floods, lightning or other conditions beyond the control of Amana.

Product is improperly installed（安装）or applied.

Owner's Responsibilities：

Provide sales receipt.

Normal care and repair.

Having the product reasonably accessible for service.

Pay for service calls related to product installation or usage instructions.

Pay for extra service costs, over normal service charges, if servicer is requested to perform service outside servicer^ normal business hours.

In no event shall Amana be responsible for consequential damages（间接损坏）.

This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may have others which vary from state to state For example, some states do not allow the exclusion（排除）or limitation of consequential damages, so this exclusion may not apply to you.

（1）According to Warranty Limitations, a product can be under warranty if .

A. used in the U.S.A

B. rented for home use

C. repaired by the user himself

D. shipped from a Canadian factory

（2）According to Owner's Responsibilities, an owner has to pay for .

A. the product installation

B. a servicer's overtime work

C. the loss of the sales receipt

D. a mechanic's transportation

（3）Which of the following is true according to the warranty?

A. Consequential damages are excluded across America.

B. A product damaged in a natural disaster is covered by the warranty.

C. A faulty cabinet due to rust can be replaced free in the second year.

D. Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文这是一张保修单，属于说明文，对家用自动干洗机的保修时限、保修服务范围、购买者所负的责任、不属于保修服务内容以及对结果性损失不负任何责任诸方面进行了详尽说明。

(1)考查细节理解。根据“Warranty Limitations：? Applies only to product used within the United States”可知，根据保修限制，如果在美国使用，产品可以在保修期内。故选A。(2)考查细节理解。根据“Owner's Re sponsibilities：? Pay for extra service costs, over normal service charges”可知，根据业主的责任，业主必须为服务人员的加班工作支付费用。故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。根据“FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge.”可知，一个有缺陷的橱柜在第二年就可以被替换掉。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

With fuel costs rising and airlines finding more fees to impose on travelers every day, airfare isn't getting any cheaper. Since you can't drive to all your dream destinations, flying is the only way to go sometimes and, undeniably, the fastest. Luckily, there are plenty of ways to find the most affordable fares and also avoid paying as many extra charges as possible when you plan ahead.

Getting the best fare. Airlines put out their fare sales on Tuesday morning, making this day the best day to book a flight for less.

Fly during the least popular times. Tuesday, Wednesday and Saturday are the slowest days to fly, which means cheaper deals than the rest of the week. You can also find reduced rates on early morning flights, since many people don't like to get up before the sun to get to the airport. Earlier boarding times can also considerably cut down your chances of getting bumped on an overbooked flight or delayed because of other delayed flights or mechanical issues.

Choose your seat later. Some airlines charge you to pick your seat when you book online, adding even more to the bottom line of your ticket cost. If you show up early on your travel day, you can still get suitable seats. Some of the best seats get held back until flight day, unless others are willing to pay extra for them ahead of time, so you still have the chance at one of those.

Fly on holidays. You already know that summer is the most expensive time to fly, and even

though most other times are more affordable, the days surrounding holidays can be crazy. Save big if you're willing to travel on major holidays, such as Thanksgiving and Christmas.

Don't wait until the last-minute to book. Many travelers don't know that there's a sweet spot for booking and getting the best price on your tickets. Book too early or too late and you could end up paying more than you need to. The best time to book is between three months and six weeks from when you want to travel.

Avoiding extra fees Airlines will charge for just about anything these days. Some have even toyed around with charging customers for using the restroom. All those extra fees can certainly add up, but there's no reason to pay them if you don't have to. Here are some tips to keep money in your wallet once you get to the airport.

Avoid the upgrade it's not necessary. Sometimes upgrades are free, but mostly you will be charged for seeking a last-minute bump to first class, and the cost can be hefty.

Fly carry-on only. Baggage fees vary wildly, but almost all airlines charge them and charge big. Why pay for your clothes to fly with you? If everyone in your travel party checks a bag, your bill can be astronomical before you ever even get to your destination. It's easy to reduce the amount of stuff you pack: Make sure all your clothing coordinates, so you can take less and still make more outfit combinations, take only two pair of shoes, plan to do a bit of laundry on your trip and bring only travel-sized toiletries.

Pack your own snacks. Unless you're flying internationally, it's rare your flight comes with a free meal. Snacks on the plane are not cheap and almost never healthy. Don't rely on what's on the small menu and instead tuck some of your own snacks — granola bars, homemade muffins, fruit and trail mix all make fantastic travel foods — into your bag and eat a lot better, and cheaper, than other passengers.

Do you have a tried and true method of getting the best deal on your flights? Let us know.（1）Tuesday is the best to book a ticket at a lower cost for ________.

A. fewer people travel on Tuesday.

B. the flights are slower than usual.

C. fare sales are usually announced on Tuesday.

D. flights are seldom delayed on Tuesday.

（2）Which of the following will help to cost you less for a flight?

A. Book your flight on Thursday.

B. Travel surrounding Christmas.

C. Pick your seat the moment you book online.

D. Book early morning flights.

（3）The underlined wor d “hefty” here has the same meaning as ________.

A. large

B. heavy

C. fierce

D. acceptable

（4）To save the cost for the flight, you should ________.

A. check whether the upgrade is free before you bump to the first class

B. make sure your clothes and shoes are fit for a lot of walk

C. share your own snacks with other passengers

D. plan to do the washes on flight

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文讲述了买到便宜的飞机票的几个窍门。

( 1 )细节理解题。根据第二段Getting the best fare. Airlines put out their fare sales on Tuesday morning, making this day the best day to book a flight for less.可知，票价通常在星期二公布，所以这一天是以低价订票的好时机。故选C。

( 2 )细节理解题。根据第三段第三句You can also find reduced rates on early morning flights, since many people don't like to get up before the sun to get to the airport.可知，预订早班航班将有助于你节省花费，因为早班机坐的人少，票价较便宜。故选D。

( 3 )词义猜测题。根据倒数第四段中Sometimes upgrades are free, but mostly you will be charged for seeking a last-minute bump to first class, and the cost can be hefty.可知，升级座位只是有时候免费，但是大多数情况下，你会在最后一分钟寻找头等舱时被收费，而且成本是昂贵的，故选A。

( 4 )推理判断题。根据倒数第四段Sometimes upgrades are free, but mostly you will be charged for seeking a last-minute bump to first class, and the cost can be hefty.可知，升级座位只是有时候免费，所以在升级成头等舱时要先确认。

3．阅读理解

Oh my God, the robots are taking over! We're doomed! Doomed! Now that I've gotten that out of my system, it's become clear that while we may or may not be doomed, the robots are taking over. The latest example is the government's new guidelines for self-driving cars.

Tesla, Google and Uber are already testing driverless cars in cities across America. Uber chief executive Travis Kalanick is among those predicting that by 2021, self-driving cars will play a big part in urban settings.

Nearly 40,000 people died last year in this nation in automobile-related accidents, and we believes driverless cars can save tens of thousands of lives annually.

Makes sense. Robot drivers are less likely to get drunk, drive without a license, text while driving or feel agitated at the scene of a pileup. On the other hand, I wonder how these highly sensitive cars will react, with walkers constantly dashing into the street. Will they jam on the brakes every 10 seconds?

But there's a bigger picture. Not only are robots replacing humans behind the wheel, but behind the work desk, in warehouses, senior homes, you name it. Robots aren't just taking over in the workplace.

The question is, where can't a robot function better than a human? How about writing songs?

A robot can go through every combination of notes in record time and come up with a pleasing melody. The lyrics might be a different story. Is a Grammy-winning song co-written by Hank Human and R-3071 in our future?

Finally, it's only a matter of time until we have robot politicians and presidential candidates. Why not? They can be programmed to be experts in world and domestic affairs and come up with the best solutions without corruption and bad humors.

Actually, it's too bad such technology isn't available in 2016. Pretty sure the robot would win in a landslide.

（1）What does the underlined word “agitated” mean?

A. Tired

B. Cautious

C. Careful

D. Anxious

（2）What doubt does the writer have about self-driving cars?

A. How passengers behave in it.

B. How robot drivers get the license.

C. How they avoid crashing into other car.

D. How they respond to walkers on a busy street.（3）The last questions asked in the sixth paragraph reflects the writer’s ________.

A. confidence in robots, winning Grammy Awards

B. eagerness to listen to songs written by robots

C. doubt about robot s’ ability to write songs

D. curiosity about the future Grammy songs （4）What might be the most suitable title for the text?

A. Robots will control the world in every field

B. Robots are coming but not soon enough

C. Robots are being used in our daily life

D. Robots can drive cars and write music

【答案】（1）D

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文谈论机器人是否会控制世界的问题。以无人驾驶汽车为例，谈论无人驾驶的优缺点，以及在其他领域对机器人的应用，最后得出结论，机器人等现代化科学技术全面代替人类只是时间问题。

（1）猜测词义。根据划线词所在句“Robot drivers are less likely to...at the scene of a pileup.”可知，作者想说的是无人驾驶汽车看到堵车也不会感到焦虑不安。所以agitated应意为“焦虑的”，相当于 anxious，故选D。

（2）细节理解。根据第四段中on the other hand, I wonder how these highly sensitive cars will react, with walker constantly dashing into the street.可知，作者担心的是这些无人驾驶的汽车如何对经常冲进马路的行人如何反应，故选 D。

（3）推理判断。题干询问的是第六段提出的最后一个问题反映了作者的什么看法，根据本段提到的机器人能够创作出优美的旋律可推知，作者是想借此问题说明将来机器人肯定会写出获得格莱美奖的音乐作品，故选A。

（4）主旨大意。通读全文内容尤其是最后一段中的“it’s too bad such technology isn’t available in 2016”可知，本文作者认为机器人时代来的不够快，B项反映了作者的看法，概括了文章内容。故选B。

【点评】议论文阅读首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么样的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。

4．阅读理解

Eighty-five-year old Chinese pharmacologist(药理学家) Tu Youyou became China's first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine when it was announced that she was one of three scientists awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in developing effective drugs against parastic diseases.

Tu was honored for developing artemisin（青蒿素）,a drug for malaria that has saved millions of lives across the globe,especially in the developing world,the Nobel Assembly at karolinska Institue disclosed on its website on Monday.Tu,a Chinese trained pharmacologist and a researcher at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences in Beijing, went to Stockholm, Sweden in December to receive her award, according to Cao Hongxin, the science and technology department head of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

"She was calm and said she has received lots of congratulatory calls." Cao told China Daily on Monday after he telephoned Tu to congratulate her. "It's an overdue（迟来的）honor for Tu and the world's recognition of traditional Chinese medicine," he said.

"Tu's breakthrough in winning the Nobel Prize in a natural science is the pride of the whole nation and the whole Chinese scientific community," said Zhou Dejin, spokesman of the Chinese Academy of Science, China's national research body that consists of more than one hundred research insistutes, universities and research branches,

"The achievement of discovering artemisinin was made in the 1970s, but it only received international recognition in later years, which suggests that we might have more achievements that have reached the Nobel Prize level but have not been recognized." Zhou said.

（1）Why was Tu Youyou awarded the Nobel Prize?

A. She made a breakthrough in the Chinese scientific community

B. She came up with a revolutionary theory about medicine

C. She devoted her whole life to medicine research

D. She developed a very effective drug in the 1970s

（2）What do we know about Tu Youyou ?

A. She secretly accepted the Nobel Prize by herself

B. She's the second Chinese to win the 2015 Nobel Prize

C. She has an ordinary heart though winning the Nobel Prize

D. She won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with three scientists

（3）What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. China lacks talented scientists like Tu Youyou.

B. Tu's achievement was recognized by the world a long time ago.

C. Chinese scientists should work harder to win more Nobel Prizes.

D. More Chinese scientific achievements should be acknowledged.

（4）What type of writing does this passage belong to?

A. A scientific report

B. An official document

C. A news report

D. A medical record

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，讲述了诺贝尔奖得主屠呦呦，她致力于中医药研究，开发出了很多有效的药物。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Tu was honored for developing artemisin（青蒿素）,a drug for malaria that has saved millions of lives across the globe, especially in the developing world”可知，屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖是因为她在20世纪70年代发明了一种非常有效的药物。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"She was calm and said she has received lots of congratulatory calls."可知，尽管获得了诺贝尔奖，她还是有一颗普通的心。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"‘The achievement of discovering artemisinin was made in the 1970s,but it only received international recognition in later years ,which suggests that we might have more achievements that have reached the Nobel Prize level but have not been recognized.’ Zhou said.”可知，建议更多的中国科学成就应该得到承认。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文，根据第四段中的"Tu's breakthrough in winning the Nobel Prize in a natural science is the pride of the whole nation and the whole Chinese scientific community,"可知，这是一项医学纪录。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Two heads are better than one. It means that two people working together have a better chance of solving a problem than one person alone. But not everyone likes working in a group.

There can be a number of reasons why people dislike group work. Some may feel nervous or uneasy in group situations. Others might have had a bad experience with individuals who did not work well as a team. Another comment is that teachers or instructors fail to provide roles for group members. This may create a situation where everyone or no one wants to lead. Whatever the issue, the result is the same: the group does not realize its goal.

Cooperative (合作的) learning is an educational method that can help to solve this problem. There are many methods of cooperative learning. Today we will talk about one: giving each person in a small group a specific duty to reach a shared goal. For example, if learners are divided into groups of four people each, their roles might be: leader, writer, checker and speaker. This structure helps ensure that everyone takes part equally in group work and allows each member to play a meaningful part in completing the shared goal.

Before dividing learners into groups, it is a good idea for the teacher or club's instructor to first have knowledge about the language skill levels of participants. The goal is to make each group a mixture of higher- and lower-level language learners. Putting too many people with similar skill levels together could make the work too difficult or easy. Role cards can be a helpful tool in this method of cooperative learning. Their purpose is to remind learners of each person's role.

Before the cooperative activity, the role of the teacher or activity instructor is to explain two

things to the group: the main job for the activity and how the cooperative roles work. The person in charge may appoint these roles or let the English learners choose them. Then, during the activity, the instructor's job is to watch the groups and provide more guidance when needed. After the activity, the instructor may wish to provide feedback to groups on their work and their use of cooperation.

With this cooperative learning method, you can say that four heads are better than just one.（1）What's the outcome if people do not enjoy group work?

A. The aim of the group can not be achieved.

B. Specific roles will be given to group members.

C. Group members will feel at ease in groups.

D. Group members will fail to work individually.

（2）Why does the teacher need to know about those who take part in the activity?

A. To find out language learners with similar levels.

B. To clarify higher- and lower-level language learners.

C. To combine learners with different language levels.

D. To increase the difficulty in finishing the work.

（3）Which of the following is TRUE about the role of instructors?

A. To offer group members timely help at each step.

B. To listen to the response from group members.

C. To help the English learners choose their favourite roles.

D. To make clear about the task and working principles of the roles.

（4）Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A. Two Heads Are Better than One.

B. Cooperation Is a Must in Learning.

C. Group Work Makes a Great Difference to Learners' Achievement.

D. Cooperative Learning Contributes to the Success of Group Work.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了合作学习有助于团队工作的成功。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Whatever the issue, the result is the same: the group does not realize its goal.”可知，如果人们不喜欢团队工作，该组织的目的不能实现。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Before dividing learners into groups, it is a good idea for the teacher or club's instructor to first have knowledge about the language skill levels of participants. The goal is to make each group a mixture of higher- and lower-level language learners.”可知，老师需要了解关于参加活动的那些人是为了把学习者与不同的语言水平结合在一起。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Before the cooperativ e activity, the role of the teacher or activity instructor is to explain two things to the group: the main job for the activity and how the cooperative roles work.”可知，指导员的作用是明确角色的任务和工作原理。故

（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“With this cooperative learning method, you ca n say that four heads are better than just one.”可知，合作学习有助于团队工作的成功。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Best Smartphone Games To Put Your Brain To Test

I am a fan of blood shedding MMORPGs. But sometimes I play brain games. Here are four games for you that will surely put your brain to test.

Real Chess

Chess has been bursting brains for over 14 centuries, and this virtual variant of chess really brings a new taste. It's a 3D virtual chess that lets you play with users from all around the world. You can chat with opponents, play with AI, get newbie tips and much more. The animations and 3D structures are really cool as well.

Juice Cubes

Juice Cubes is a light and colorful game full of fruity juice cubes that you need to connect to pop and clear levels. There are multiple types of challenges, powerups, and over 550+ levels to keep you addicted.

It might seem easy at the start, but it will burst your brain when you reach higher levels.

WordBrain 2

A really fun word game where you need to guess words based on the number of letters provided. Each word puzzle has a theme category, such as food, human body, color, or even space. And you can also use hints to solve the level when you get stuck. Your vocabulary is sure to be challenged in it.

Puzzlerama

Puzzlerama basically joins some of the top puzzles in one single app, making it a perfect app for puzzle lovers. It lets you play popular puzzle games such as flow, jigsaw, unblock, pipes, tangram, and more. There are hundreds of levels available for each puzzle type and things get really tough as you advance.

The game interface is also very colorful, and smooth animations make the game fun to play.（1）What is special about Real chess?

A. It is a light and colorful game.

B. It is a funny word game.

C. It is a 3D virtual chess game.

D. It has hundreds of levels.

（2）If you're good at guessing words, which game is the best choice?

A. Real Chess.

B. Juice Cubes.

C. WordBrain 2.

D. Puzzlerama.

（3）Which games are likey to have bright and different colors in the interface design? A. Real Chess&WordBrain 2 B. Juice Cubes & WordBrain 2

C. WordBrain 2 & Puzzlerama

D. Puzzlerama & Juice Cubes

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四种游戏测试你的大脑。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Real Chess部分中的“It's a 3D virtual chess that lets you play with users from all around the world.“可知，Real chess是一个3D虚拟象棋游戏。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据WordBrain 2部分中的“A really fun word game where you need to guess words based on the number of letters provided.”可知，如果你擅长猜词，最好的选择就是WordBrain 2。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Juice Cubes部分中的“Juice Cubes is a light and colorful game full of fruity juice cubes that you need to connect to pop and clear levls”和Puzzlerama部分中的“The game interface is also very colorful, and smooth animations make the game fun to play.”可知，Puzzlerama & Juice Cubes有鲜艳、不同的颜色。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

When we think of a generation gap we usually think of conflicting tastes in music, or pastimes. But now the generation gap is handwriting. After one teacher in Tennessee discovered that she had students who couldn't read the assignments she was writing on the board, she posted it on the Internet saying handwriting should be taught in schools.

Opponents claim that handwriting has become out of time in our modern world. Typed words have become a primary form of communication. Once a practical kill handwriting is no longer used by the vast majority of Americans. It is no longer taught in schools, and some claim that the time that it would take to teach it could be put to better use, for instance, by teaching the technical skills.

But even in today's world there are still plenty of reasons to pick up a pen and apply it to paper. Many American institutions still require original signatures, for instance, signing for a registered letter and buying a house. And original signatures are much more difficult to forge(伪造) than their digital counterparts. There is also strong evidence that writing by hand is good for the mind. It activates a different part of the brain, and improves fine moving skills in young children. People also tend to remember what they write by hand more than what they type, and the process of writing by hand has been shown to stimulate ideas. Besides, studies have shown that kids who write by hand learn to read and spell earlier than those who don't. Not to mention, handwriting is pleasing, as is evidenced by the fact that no one has ever typed a love letter. And handwriting remains popular as an art form.

Yes, we live in a modern world, but we live in a modern world that is based on fundamental values.

（1）What did the teacher find in her class?

A. Her students had a big generation gap with her.

B. Her handwriting was too terrible to understand.

C. Some students could not recognize her handwriting on the blackboard.

D. Some students handwriting on the blackboard was too difficult to tell.

（2）Why do some people agree to teach handwriting in school?

A. Handwriting is easy to remember.

B. Handwriting is beneficial to the brain.

C. Handwriting can help one buy a house.

D. Handwriting is an art form out of time.

（3）What can we infer from the passage?

A. Handwriting is widely used in America.

B. What people write by hand is not easy to recognize.

C. Handwriting is emphasized in our modern society.

D. Those with good handwriting may perform better in their studies.

（4）What is the author's attitude towards teaching handwriting in school?

A. Opposed.

B. Objective.

C. Unconcerned.

D. Favorable.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了现代社会手写被逐渐忽视，手写的益处和优点，支持学校教书写的社会现象。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“After one teacher in Tennessee discovered that she had students who couldn't read the assignments she was writing on the board, she posted it on the Internet saying handwriting should be taught in schools.”可知田纳西的一位老师发现她的一些学生读不出写在黑板的作业，所以选C。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“There is also strong evidence that writing by hand is good for the mind. It activates a different part of the brain, and improves fine moving skills in young children.”可知手写对大脑有益。故选B。

(3)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“And original signatures are much more difficult to forge(伪造) than their digital counterparts.”可知原始笔迹更难伪造，可知人们手写出来的不易伪造，所以选D。

(4)考查观点态度。根据作者在第二段第三段陈述的书写有很多好处，可知作者支持在学校教书写，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和观点态度三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school. There were five girls who were members of the Danville High School basketball team—all of them starters. They were not in uniform to play that night and would not be on the team for the rest of this season. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with

sincere regret rather than defensiveness.

While the school had been out for the New Year's holiday, the five girls had gone to the party with several of their friends. There was alcohol there. And they all drank some.

Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make. When classes resumed and accounts of holiday parties were shared, rumors about the five girls began closing in on them. The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules. And the players—two junior students and three senior students—agreed. That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision.

“We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids. What we did was definitely not worth it. We hope this event will make everyone realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem in o ur community,” one of the senior students said, “And if you work with us to try to solve this problem, you will help us feel that we have not been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.” The five left the floor to deafening applause.

The team may not win another game this year. But they've learnt something about personal responsibility, the effect of one's action on others, and honesty that will serve them well throughout life.

（1）It can be inferred from the passage that the five girls who were kicked off the team were ________.

A. very good players on the team

B. addicted to alcohol and drugs

C. three junior students and two senior students

D. scolded by their parents for drinking alcohol

（2）What did the girls do to support their coach's decision?

A. They didn't fight for Danville High School any more.

B. They all gave speeches to apologize in the local press.

C. They admitted their mistake in public in the gymnasium.

D. They would never drink any alcohol throughout their life.

（3）Which word best describes the coach Rainville?

A. Indifferent.

B. Strict.

C. Stubborn.

D. Cruel.

（4）Which would be the best title for the passage?

A. Growing up with pain

B. A bad mistake

C. Team rules are everything

D. Basketball girls in high school

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，五个女孩在假期期间违反团队纪律喝酒，教练对于队员破坏纪律零容忍，责令她们离开团队。五个女孩接受了处罚，并做出了公开道歉。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness. They were there to admit their

breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness.”可知，这几个女孩是很好的队员，她们勇敢承认了违反了团队纪律，并支持教练把她们开除出队的决定。故选A。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school.”和“They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team.”以及第二段中的“That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision.”可知，这些女孩在体育馆公开承认错误来支持教练的决定。故选C。(3)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make.”和“The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules.”可推断，教练对于队员吸毒喝酒零容忍，坚持将这个五个女孩从团队除名，因此推断她是严厉的。故选B。

(4)考查主旨大意。文章讲述了五个女孩因为喝酒被开除出篮球队的故事，文章最后一段对这件事情做了总结，因此可知文章主要想告诉读者这些女孩通过这件事学会了负责任，了解了自己的行为对他人的影响，诚实会让她们一生受益。因此推断A项“在痛苦中成长”为最佳标题。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Whether you are a national or an international student, we welcome you to Middletown University. Our reputation is built on providing high-quality education in both academic and vocational (职业的) subjects. As well as priding ourselves on our traditional face-to-face learning, we have recently introduced a range of distance-learning courses.

What do they cost?

Costs for our coursers vary considerably. Click on each department's homepage for more information. Scholarships and bursaries an available for certain courses, particularly for those in the sciences and education.

SAMPLE COURSE OVERVIEW

BA in English Language and Literature

The main purpose of this course is to develop your ability to describe, analyze and manipulate features of the English language, and to see how these are expressed in literature. As well as taking core modules which cover these areas, students will be able to specialize in their fields of interest.

Duration: three-year course

Course: Choose 12 out of 20 modules.

Weekly timetable: eight hours of lectures/four hours of seminars

Assessment: essays, exams and an 8,000-word dissertation at the end of the third year

Requirements: academic experience and interest in the subject; good school-exam grades

Diploma in teaching

In the first term, you will learn about the theory of teaching and how to be an effective teacher. In the second term, you will also begin teaching in a school. The third term is completely practical. Duration: one-year course

Course: Choose six out of ten modules (three are compulsory).

Weekly timetable: six hours of lectures/ two hours of seminars/ six hours of classroom teaching Assessment: combination of essays and classroom observation

Requirement: first degree in specific subject area

（1）What is Middletown University famous for?

A. Academic and vocational education.

B. Traditional teaching methods.

C. Distance-learning courses.

D. Face-to-face communication.

（2）What do the two sample courses have in common?

A. They both last for three years.

B. They both require students to hand in essays.

C. They both offer total freedom to choose modules.

D. They both favor students with interest in the subject.

（3）What is the main purpose of the text?

A. To advertise certain online courses.

B. To stress the need for distance learning.

C. To introduce distance-learning techniques.

D. To suggest a way of pursuing further education.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，一所大学就该校最近开设的在线课程就行了简单的介绍，包括课程目的，时长，评价，要求等。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Our reputation is built on providing high-quality education in both academic and vocational (职业的) subjects.“可知，这所大学因为在学术和职业课程上提供高质量的教学而获得名誉，即它以高质量的学术和职业教学而出名。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据BA in English Language and Literature部分中的”Assessment: essays, exams and an 8,000-word dissertation at the end of the third year“和Diploma in teaching 部分中的”Assessment: combination of essays and classroom observation“可知这两门课程的共同点是都需要提交文章。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”As well as priding ou rselves on our traditional face-to-face learning, we have recently introduced a range of distance-learning courses.“我们在提供传功课程的同时也提供了大量的在线课程，以及下文所叙述的两种课程的课程内容，时长，评价和要求等，可推测本文的主要目的是为一些在线课程打广告。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

These days, I walk down the steps leading toward the south end of the All England Club in Wimbledon, and still look for the Crow's Nest, a small green observation tower with an outer ladder that I used to climb on for a wide view of the grounds, but which has since been knocked down.

The Crow's Nest was a particularly useful point, because it allowed a tennis writer to keep track of the action on as many as 10 outside courts at a time. At days end, reporters from different nations would share notes on what they had observed all over the grounds.

Twenty-seven years later, the press room has touch screens that allow us to watch live videos from any court, and even go back to watch key moments in key matches long after they have finished. You could cover Wimbledon without leaving your seat. But that is a bit like spending all your time ordering room service and looking up fun facts on Wikipedia.

More than at any other tennis tournament, there is also an appetite for stories that deal with the setting, the history and the traditions.

If they change the price of the fish tacos (鱼肉卷饼) at the United States Open, it's not a story. If they change the price of the strawberries and cream, the signature treat at Wimbledon. It's time to email your editor using capital letters.

The new retractable (可伸缩的) roof was put in place in 2009. Until then, you always had to have a rainy-day story in your notebook because there were no guarantees any matches would be played. Now tennis is a sure thing on Centre Court, which has made tennis reporters a bit less creative. But at least it guarantees us daily access to the most atmospheric place in the sport.

So much has changed, but Centre Court remains true to its original spirit: more a theater than a stadium. Catching that feeling is part of covering Wimbledon, too.

（1）What did the author do on the Crow's Nest in the past?

A. He made friends with reporters.

B. He reported on tennis matches.

C. He appreciated the beautiful scenery.

D. He exchanged experiences with tennis players.（2）What does the author think of the new way of covering Wimbledon?

A. It lacks fun.

B. It is expensive

C. It is not convenient.

D. It is not quick enough （3）Why does the author mention strawberries and cream?

A. To compare popular foods.

B. To introduce the typical treat at Wimbledon.

C. To describe people's craze for traditional dishes.

D. To show the traditions of Wimbledon are an attraction.

（4）What difference does the new roof make?

A. Audiences have easier access to a tennis court.

B. There's less fun in watching Wimbledon indoors.

C. Reporters are struggling to find original material.

D. rainy-day stories about Wimbledon have become history.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者追忆对温网的报道。虽然发生了很大的变化，但中心球场仍然忠于它的原始精神：与其说是体育场，不如说是一座剧院。捕捉这种感觉也是报道温网的一部分。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The Crow’s Nest was a particularly useful point, because it allowed a tennis writer to keep track of the action on as many as 10 outside courts at a time. At days end, reporters from different nations would share notes on what they had observed all over the grounds.”可知，过去作者在the Crow’s Nest报道了网球比赛。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“You could cover Wimbledon without leaving your seat. But that is a bit like spending all your time ordering room service and looking up fun facts on Wikipedia.”可知，作者认为报道温网的新方式缺乏乐趣。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“If they change the price of the strawberries and cream, the signature treat at Wimbledon. It’s time to email your editor using capital letters.”可知，作者提到草莓和奶油是为了展示温布尔登的传统是一种吸引。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“The new retractable (可伸缩的) roof was put in place in 2009. Until then, you always had to have a rainy-day story in your notebook because there were no guarant ees any matches would be played.”可知，新屋顶使关于温布尔登的雨天故事已经成为历史。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

It could have been any of us, but it happened to be me. I received a brief 18-months of undivided attention and love as the only child, before three more appeared. The second was a severe blow. No doubt, learning the need to share was important, but I had tasted the life of an only child.

Then came years of requests to look after the siblings（兄弟姐妹）, being urged that, You sh ould be setting a better example, “Again and again the others got away with doing wrong but I didn't. We each played our roles; the second one who later skipped school to meet boys; the ever so attractive third, the boy who could do no wrong; and finally the surprise appearance of the fourth, seemed certain to be spoiled even now. So that left me: the reasonable, quiet one who got the grades, did the housework and became a chameleon（变色龙）—skilled at reading a situation and being what was needed.

Then eventually came the chance to be the first to leave and experience life on the outside, not defined（定义）as the eldest. The moment I had waited for. But now, many years later, being the eldest matters again. It's down to me; it seems, to take the lead in caring for our parents, AH the time I was made to learn about sharing; however, when it comes to responsibility, it no longer seems to apply. The others are too busy, too far away, or too unconcerned. So dutifully I travel many times across the country for hours to provide care and support. Requests to my siblings to

help out more fall on deaf ears. To me, the dutiful first born, it feels like the right and only thing to do; to be there for our parents as they were for us. Sadly, that feeling isn't shared by the second, third or fourth.

（1）How does the author comment on the four children in the second paragraph?

A. Angrily and Bitterly.

B. Angrily and proudly.

C. Bitterly and humorously.

D. Humorously and proudly.

（2）How did the author develop his social skills?

A. Through hard work.

B. With the parents' help.

C. At the parents' request.

D. In practice for effectiveness.

（3）What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to?

A. To care for the old.

B. To help the young.

C. To live outside alone.

D. To travel nationwide.

（4）What can we learn from the text?

A. The writer hates to be the eldest.

B. The writer feels proud of his role.

C. The writer is satisfied with his attempt.

D. The writer is regretful about the siblings.

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文为夹叙夹议文。作者作为家中四个孩子中的老大，从小被要求照顾小的，给兄妹树立好的榜样。父母老了，第一个关心照顾父母，认为照顾父母是自己的责任，但是其他的兄妹却只一味地推脱照顾老人的责任，这让作者深感遗憾。

（1）推理判断题。根据第二段中的描述，作者的三兄弟姐妹相继出生后自己要为他们树立好的榜样，其他的人犯错不被处罚而我不能，描述老二用“逃学见男友skipped school to meet b oys “，老三”迷人attractive “的男孩，老四的出生是个”suprise“，而且一直被宠坏spoiled了。这一切的一切让我成为一个明白道理的、安静的成绩好的，做家务的，擅长做一切的人。由此可推断出作者所用语言有点苦涩但风趣。分析选项可知C项符合题，故答案选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Then came years of requests to look after the siblings （兄弟姐妹）, being urged that, You should be settin g a better example,” 接下来是多年来被要求照顾兄弟姐妹，被敦促树立一个好的榜样。根据常识这一切该是孩子的父母要求大的孩子照顾小的，要求大的给小的做榜样。故答案选C。

（3）猜测词义题。分析To me, the dutiful first born, it feels like the right and only thing to do; to be there for our parents as they were for us.本句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to do; to be there for our parents as they were for us.，即对我来说，第一个出生的一直尽职本份的我，因为父母曾养育了我们，我们要照顾他们，这是正确的唯一要做的事。由此可知“it'指的是照顾老人。故答案选A。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者对父母尽心尽力地照顾，而其他的兄弟姐妹却置之不理，推脱责任，他们认为这只是我应该做的事。作者认为非常遗憾，他们三兄妹不应该有这种感觉。由此可推断出作者对于其他的兄妹深表遗憾。故答案选D。

【点评】英语阅读理解细节题具体方法与步骤：

①排除干扰项，突出主题。事实细节题的设计干扰项一般都是某一细节的错误叙述与论断，可先排除干扰项。

② 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如for example，first，second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。

③ 快速通篇跳读，自左至右，自上而下呈Z形扫视，直到找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。

④注意识别指代词语。为避免重复，文章中对多次提及的事物或现象会使用不同的词语，如同义词、近义词、代词等。

12．阅读理解

Chinese scientists recently have produced two monkeys with the same gene, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, using the same technique that gave us Dolly the sheep. These monkeys are not actually the first primates（灵长类）to be cloned. Another one named Tetra was produced in the late 1990s by embryo（胚胎）splitting, the division of an early-stage embryo into two or four separate cells to make clones. By contrast, they were each made by replacing an egg cell nucleus （原子核）with DNA from a differentiated body cell. This Dolly method, known as somatic cell nuclear transfer（SCNT）, can create more clones and allows researchers greater control over the edits they make to the DNA.

Success came from adopting several new techniques. These included a new type of microscopy to better view the cells during handling or using several materials that encourage cell reprogramming, which hadn't been tried before on primates. Still, the research process proved difficult, and many attempts by the team failed. Just two healthy baby monkeys born from more than 60 tested mothers. This leads to many researchers' pouring water on the idea that the team's results bring scientists closer to cloning humans. They thought this work is not a stepping stone to establishing methods for obtaining live born human clones. Instead, this clearly remains a very foolish thing to attempt, it would be far too inefficient, far too unsafe, and it is also pointless.

But the scientists involved emphasize that this is not their goal. There is now no barrier for cloning primate species, thus cloning humans is closer to reality. However, their research purpose is entirely for producing non-human primate models for human diseases; they absolutely have no intention, and society will not permit this work to be extended to humans. Despite limitations, they treat this breakthrough a novel model system for scientists studying human biology and disease.

（1）What do we know about the technology called SCNT?

A. It created the first two primates.

B. It may contribute to editing the DNA

C. It can divide an early-stage embryo into several cells.

D. It produced two cloned monkeys with different genes.

（2）What does the author mean by “pouring water on the idea” in paragraph 2?

A. Keeping a hot topic of it.

B. Having a low opinion of it.

C. Attaching no importance to it.

D. Adding supportive evidence to it.

（3）What is the scientists' purpose to clone these monkeys?

A. To help with the study of human diseases.

B. To serve as a stepping stone to their reputation.

C. To prepare for their research on human cloning.

D. To raise money for holding an exhibition of novels.

（4）What can we infer from the passage?

A. New techniques seem to be pointless.

B. Cloning humans is already on its way.

C. Society won't agree to clone another monkey.

D. The success rate of cloning a monkey was not high.

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家们利用高科技克隆猴子帮助研究人类疾病。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“This Dolly method, known as somatic cell nuclear transfer （SCNT）, can create more clones and allows researchers greater control over the edits they make to the DNA.”可知，SCNT可能有助于编辑DNA。故选B。

(2)考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“S till, the research process proved difficult, and many attempts by the team failed. Just two healthy baby monkeys born from more than 60 tested mothers. This leads to many researchers' pouring water on the idea that the team's results bring scientists close r to cloning humans.”可知在第二段中“pouring water on the idea”的意思是“对它的评价很低。”故选B。

(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However, their research purpose is entirely for producing non-human primate models for human diseases; they absolutely have no intention, and society will not perm it this work to be extended to humans.”可知，科学家们克隆这些猴子的目的是帮助研究人类疾病。故选A。

(4)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“They thought this work is not a stepping stone to establishing methods for obtaining live born human clones. Instead, this clearly remains a very foolish thing to att empt, it would be far too inefficient, far too unsafe, and it is also pointless.“和最后一段中的“Despite limitations, they treat this breakthrough a novel model system for scientists studying human biology and disease.“可知，克隆一只猴子的成功率并不高。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解

While your pet fish may appear to be unaware of your presence, chances are that it knows you extremely well and can probably even identify you from a crowd of human faces!

To test if this was accurate, some scientists decided to study archerfish（喷水鱼）. These

animals don't have a sophisticated（复杂的）brain that is necessary to recognize the slight differences between human facial features.

They began by presenting four archerfish with images of two human faces. Initially, the fish spit at both. However, they soon learned spitting water at the one selected by the researchers earned them a food treat. After that, they focused primarily on that image. The researchers then took the experiment one step further by introducing 44 other human faces to the mix.

To the researcher's astonishment, the trained archerfish were able to recall the learned image almost 81% of the time. And this accuracy improved to 86% when the researchers made the identification even harder, by replacing the colored photos with a set of black and white images and hiding the shape of the head.

The results of the study suggest that though having tiny brains, archerfish may have developed high visual discrimination abilities. While it is contrary to the previous theory that a sophisticated brain is necessary to recognize human faces, the researchers believe they do not recognize faces by recalling complex facial information like gender and identity, but more likely by discriminating between detailed patterns. Even so, the fact that these archerfish could “remember” those faces demonstrates that they have an impressive memory for details that lasts much longer than the originally-thought 3 seconds!

This is not the first time researchers have realized how “smart” fish are. Previous studies have shown that fish can recognize those fish they have “socialized” with previou sly, and even recall complex three-dimensional maps of their surroundings.

（1）What is the purpose of the study?

A. To describe archerfish are easy to teach.

B. To tell people archerfish like to be rewarded.

C. To prove archerfish can recognize human faces.

D. To show archerfish can easily develop a habit.

（2）Why did the researchers use black and white images?

A. They could get these images easily.

B. Archerfish got tired of color images.

C. They wanted to make the task more difficult.

D. These images wouldn't get ruined by water.

（3）What conclusion did researchers draw in the study?

A. Archerfish have a 3-second memory.

B. Archerfish could distinguish detailed patterns.

C. Archerfish have a special form of communication.

D. Archerfish could remember complex facial information.

（4）What can we infer from the text?

A. Fish are social animals.

B. Fish are as clever as humans.

C. Fish are able to tell different shapes.

D. The results shocked the researchers.

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家对喷水鱼做的实验，实验表明鱼也很“聪明”，它们没有复杂的大脑但是却有辨认面孔的能力。