第二章 汉英语言对比[1]

第二章第二章
汉英语言对比汉英语言对比

文本框: Teaching objectives：使学生了解汉英两种语言在词汇、句子和语体风格方面的异同
Teaching Focus：汉英两种语言在词汇、句子和语体风格方面的异同
Time Allocation：270 minutes
Teaching Methods and Strategies: teacher presentation and class discussion
..Teaching objectives：使学生了解汉英两种语
言在词汇、句子和语体风格方面的异同
..Teaching Focus：汉英两种语言在词汇、句子
和语体风格方面的异同
..Time Allocation：270 minutes
..Teaching Methods and Strategies: teacher
presentation and class discussion

Teaching Procedures

文本框: 1.汉英谱系、文字、语音对比
2.汉英词汇的对比
3.汉英句子对比
4.汉英语体风格对比
..1.汉英谱系、文字、语音对比
..2.汉英词汇的对比
..3.汉英句子对比
..4.汉英语体风格对比

1.汉英谱系、文字、语音对比

文本框: 1.1 谱系 ( language family)
汉语 --- 汉藏语系
Sino-Tibetan
英语 --- 印欧语系
Indo-European
..1.1 谱系( language family)
..汉语---汉藏语系
Sino-Tibetan
..英语---印欧语系
Indo-European

..1.2 文字系统(writing system)
..汉语:


表意文字、表意音文字

（ideographic-oriented syllabic script）

(ideo-phonographic )

(ideographic)

..1)不带表音成分:


象形(pictograph)

指事(indicative character)

会意(associative character)

..2)带表音成分: 形声字
..英语：拼音文字(alphabetic)
..由26个字母构成词语。
..不表意。



1.3 语音(phonetics)

..汉语是声调语言


(tone language)

..英语是语调语言


(intonation language)



2.汉英词汇的对比

..2.1 词语语义对比
..2.2 词汇的语法对比
..2.3 汉英词类划分的理据比较及对汉译
英的意义




2.1 词语语义对比

1. 汉语: “历史悠久”

英语: “融汇百川”

2. 汉英词汇对应的依据:

客观世界大体相同

人的生理结构一样

3. 汉英词汇不对应的原因:

文化(自然环境、社会历史、思维方式、
宗教信仰、风俗习惯等）

表现为：词汇空缺、词汇冲突


完全对应：
1、山：
hill(小山，丘陵), mountain(高山；山岳，山脉)
2、鸡：
hen(母鸡), chick(小鸡), cock(公鸡), rooster(雄禽)
部分对应：
A1、青: green, blue 2、借: lend(借给), borrow(借入)
3、兔:hare(野兔), rabbit(家兔) 4、鼠: mouse(耗子),
rat(老鼠) 5、乌鸦: raven(渡鸦), crow(乌鸦)
B6、你，您you 7、江，河river 8、父，母parent
9、兄，弟brother 10、枪，炮gun 11、嫁，娶
marry 12、叔，伯uncle

Exercises:

..舅舅从桌上把花瓶拿去了。


Mother’s brother has taken the vase

away from the table.

..我属蛇。


I was born in the Chinese lunar year of

the snake.


..2.2词汇的语法对比


同:

1.词类数量大致相等,类别基本对应。

2.名词、动词、形容词三大类开放性词类在词汇中占较大比
重。

汉语：实词（名词、动词、形容词、代词、副词、数词和量
词）

虚词（连词、介词、助词、叹词）

英语：实词（Noun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Numeral,
Pronoun)

虚词（Preposition, Conjunction,

Article, Interjection)


异:

1. 从词类划分比较:

汉语没有冠词, 英语没有量词


月色火花海
复杂而有趣的量词
..一本书、两枝笔、三扇窗、四把锁、五只鸡
..一炷香、一抔土、一尾鱼、一床被、一叶小
舟、一顶帽子、一方砚台、一出戏、一把
锁、一眼井、一笔钱、两撇胡子、一椽破屋
..一弯新月、一轮明月、一缕炊烟、一抹斜
阳、一带远山、一江春水、一派风光、一树
梅花、一川烟草、一袭花香、一泓清泉、一
垄土地、一缕乡愁
..一团和气、一丝希望、一门心思

2. 从数量上比较:

副词: 汉语中少, 为虚词

英语中多, 为实词

介词: 汉语中少, 30个左右

英语中多, 数不胜数

(包括简单介词、复合介词、短语
介词）

连词：有类似不同


无限风光
3. 从词类使用的频率上分析
*汉语多用动词而英语多用名词
*英语中代词、介词、连词的使用频率
高
*汉语的数词使用得多, 因为汉语的成语
及缩略语靠数词构成
*汉语的量词使用频率高, 正如英语的冠
词一样

..2.3 汉英词类划分的理据比较及对
汉译英的意义


1. 汉英词类划分的理据

汉语词类的划分主要依据词义，即词义的实
与虚、动与静、具体与抽象等；

英语的此类划分依据是语法，词类与句子成
分有严格的对应关系，词义倒在其次。

结果:汉英词类名同实异, 同名异质

语言现实中:形异实同

因此:转类法


2. 对汉英翻译的意义(启示）
*①由于汉英词汇意义存在不对应现象, 翻译时应
通过各种手段对译入语加以补充或限定, 技巧上
表现为词语的增减、阐释、借用、音译等手段
的运用，如：
中国有12亿多人口，陆地自然资源人均占有量低
于世界平均水平。
China has a population of more than 1.2 billion,
and its land natural resources per capitaare
lower than the world's average. （牲畜的）总
数；头数

点击放大
..1998年是联合国确定的国际海洋年，中国政府愿
借此机会介绍中国海洋事业的发展情况。
..The year 1998 has been designatedby the United
Nations as International Ocean Year, and on this
occasion the Chinese Government would like to
introduce the progress of China's work in this
particular field to the world.
..长得好看的人用不着浓妆艳抹。
..Physically attractive people

don't need heavy
make-up.
命名；
指示

*②由于词汇使用频率不对应, 翻译是时不能

拘泥于字面的对应, 而应该以整体意义为

重,灵活变通，如：

前门驱虎，后门进狼。

Fend off one danger only to fall preyto

another.


矩形标注: 抵挡，防御
抵挡，
防御
矩形标注: 被捕食的动物
被捕食
的动物

文本框: *③由于词类的性质不同, 词类转换便成了汉英翻译中经常使用的技巧.
英语中词类转换, 一词兼几 类的现象比较普遍 “You can happy your friends, malice or foot your enemy, or fall an axe on his neck.”
--- Shakespeare
*③由于词类的性质不同, 词类转换便成了
汉英翻译中经常使用的技巧.
..英语中词类转换, 一词兼几
类的现象比较普遍
“You can happy your friends,
maliceor foot your enemy, or
fall an axe on his neck.”
---Shakespeare怨恨；
恶意

..Who chaired the meeting?
..It can seat 1000 people.
..We should shoulder these
responsibilities.
..I hope we can room
together.
..They breakfasted at the
guesthouse.



..练习：按照要求翻译下列句子
..1、我们对这件事当然有发言权。（matter）
..Of course we have a say in this matter.
..2、真是想不到的事。（surprise）
..What a surprise!
..3、这本新书的出版是今年文化界的大事。(event)
..The new book was the cultural event of the year.
..4、各族人民的代表共聚一堂，商讨国家大事。(affairs)
..Representatives from different nationalities gather
in the same hall to discuss affairs of the state.

..5、这绝不是轻而易举的事。(job)
..It's certainly no easy job.
..6、从政治思想上关心学生是教师份内的事。(duty)
..It's the teacher's duty to be concerned about the
students' ideology.
..7、我已把事情讲清楚了。(case)
..I've already put the case clear.
..8、我可以举出好几件事来证明。(instance)
..I can cite quite a few instances to illustrate it.
..9、这不是开玩笑的事儿。(joke)
..This is no joke.
..10、那是件普通小事。(incident)
..This is an ordinary incident.

3.汉英句子对比

..3.1 汉英语法对比
..3.2 汉英句法对比
..3.3 现代英语的基本句型
..3.4 汉英语言特征比较
..3.5 译文主语的选择
..3.6 汉英句子结构比较
..3.7 句子扩展模式
..3.8 前重心与后重心




..3.1 汉英语法对比
..汉语语法呈隐含性


(covertness)

..英语语法呈外显性


(overtness)



..练习：下面的句子在翻译时需要在英文句中增加表示
逻辑关系的词语，使原文隐含的语义关系显现出来。
试译：
..1、跑得了和尚跑不了庙。
..The monk may run away, but the temple won‘t run
with him.
..2、你死了我去当和尚。
..If you died, I would go and become a monk.
..3、他不去我去。
..I would

like to go if he wouldn't go.
..4、他不去我也去。
..I'd go there even if he wouldn't go with me.
..5、他不去我才去。
..I'd go there only if he won't.

..6、知人知面不知心。
..A man's face one can know, but not his heart.
..7、人穷志短。
..①When a man is poor his ambition is not far-
reaching.
..②Poverty stiflesambition.
..8、人穷志不短。
..①Though one is poor, he has high aspirations.
..②One may be poor, but with lofty ideas.
..9、人有脸，树有皮。
..The face is as important to a man as the bark to a
tree.
..10、人不犯我，我不犯人。
..We will not attack unless we are attacked.
阻止；扑灭热望；
抱负
极高的；
高贵的

..3.2 汉英句法对比
..汉语句子: (parataxis) 语义型或意合型
依仗意义，即内在的逻辑关系组织语言的
手段“以意统形”。
..英语句子: (hypotaxis）语法型或形合型
依仗形式（包括词的形态变化，词汇的衔
接等）将语言符号由“散”（个体的词）到“集”
（词组乃至语篇）的语言组织手段。
---王力《中国语法理论》

文本框: 比较下例原言语及译文中的标点使用：
正在热闹哄哄的时节，只见那后台里，又出来一位姑娘，（。）年纪约十八九岁，装束与前一个毫无分别，（。）瓜子脸儿，白净面皮，（。）相貌不过中人之姿，（。）只觉得秀而不媚，清而不寒。 （刘鹗《老残游记》第二回）
Amidst the feverish bustling, there appeared on the stage a girl about eighteen or nineteen years old, dressed up jus
..比较下例原言语及译文中的标点使用：
..正在热闹哄哄的时节，只见那后台里，又出来一位姑
娘，（。）年纪约十八九岁，装束与前一个毫无分
别，（。）瓜子脸儿，白净面皮，（。）相貌不过中
人之姿，（。）只觉得秀而不媚，清而不寒。
（刘鹗《老残游记》第二回）
..Amidst the feverish bustling, there appeared
on the stage a girl about eighteen or nineteen
years old, dressed up just like the former. Her
face was shaped like melon-seed. Her beauty
was above the average woman-charmingbut
not coquettish, and a clarity of complexionbut
not coldness.
在……中
喧闹
迷人的；娇媚的
卖弄风情的面色；
外观

..比较下列译文:
..只有四婶，因为后来雇用的女工，大抵非懒即馋，
或者馋而且懒，左右不如意，所以也还提起祥林
嫂。
..Only my aunt, because the maids taken on
afterwards turned out to be lazy or greedy, or both,
none of them satisfied her, still spoke of Xianglin’sWife.
..My aunt was the only onewhostill spoke of
Xianglin’sWife.Thiswas because most of the
maidstaken onafterwards turned outto be lazy or
greedy, or both, none of themgiving satisfaction.
（杨宪益、戴乃迭译）

..3.3 现代英语的基本句

型
..1) SV（主－谓）
..2) SVO（主－谓－宾）
..3) SVC（主－谓－主补）
..4) SVA（主－谓－状）
..5) SVOD（主－谓－间宾－直宾）
..6) SVOC （主－谓－宾－宾补）
..7) SVOA（主－谓－宾－状）



..英语句子的谓语只有动词才能充当。作谓语
的动词对句子其他成分的形式和句子的结构
有很大的影响。
..汉语的谓语也是句子中非常重要的成分，但
是汉语的谓语除了用动词充当，还可以用形
容词、名词或其他词语充当。

..Pay Attention to the Following Sentences:
..1、看样子要变天了。
..Itseems the weather is changing.
..2、当时我在北京。
..I wasin Beijing at the time.
..3、——是谁呀？——是我。
..——Who is it? ——It's me.
..4、叶子黄了。
..The leaves turnedbrown.
..5、不行！
..Itwon't do!

..3.4 汉英语言特征比较
..汉语：
..主题显著的语言(topic-prominent language), 采用主
题-述题(topic-comment)的句式
..“话语---说明结构”
..汉语句子建立在意念主轴(thought-pivot)上
..英语：
..主语显著的语言(subject-prominent language), 几乎都
采用主语-谓语(subject-predicate) 的句式
..“主语---谓语结构”
..英语句子建立在形式(或主谓)主轴(form-pivot)上



..请分析下列例句中的“话题-说明”部分是如
何转化为英语的“主语-谓语”结构的：
..1、他五岁时候，生了一场伤寒，变成了聋子。
..He became deaf at five after an attack oftyphoidfever.
..2、老拴正在专心走路，忽然吃了一惊，远远地看
见一条丁字街，明明白白横着。他便退了几步，寻
到一家关着门的铺子，蹩进檐下，停住了。（鲁迅
《药）
..Absorbed in his walking, Old Shuanwas startled
when he saw the crossroad lying distantly ahead of
him. He walked back a few steps to stand under theeavesof a shop in front of its closed door.
伤寒病
屋檐

..3.5 译文主语的选择


..原文：这件事你不用操心。


译文：

1.This you don’t need to worry.

2.You don’t need to worry about this.

..3. This is not something you need to worry about.
..4. It is unnecessary for you to worry about this.
..5. There is no need to worry about this.



..我的头疼的要命。
..My head aches badly.
..My head is killing me.
..I have a terrible headache.
..I have a splitting headache.
..I have a migraine.


QQ搞笑表情

..3.6 汉英句子结构比较
..A.汉语：
..“板块型”或“竹节型”
..汉语句子往往是句子较短,结构紧凑
..英语:
..“多枝共干型”或“葡萄串型”
..英语句子句子长, 插入成分多, 形成复杂
嵌套结构



..请看下列例句：
..1、话说天下大势，分久必合，合久必
分。
..They say the momentumof history was
ever thus: the empire, long divided, must
unite; lo

ng united, must divide.
..2、他们进行挑衅活动，制造紧张局势，
必须马上停止。
..They must stop all their provocationsat
once, which create tensions.
趋势
挑拨；挑起
（事端）

..B. 汉语：
..“左分支”结构(left-branching)
..“后重心”：重要信息放在后面。
..“狮子头”（头大尾小）
..英语：
..“右分支”结构(right-branching )
..“前重心”：主要信息放在主句中，放在句
首。前重后轻。
..“孔雀尾”：头小尾大

..例如：
..去年他为了完成一个项目在实验室用计
算机努力地干了十个月。
..He worked hard with a computer in the lab
for ten months in order to complete a
project last year.

..练习：
..1、我认为资金的问题是我们目前最大的困难。（用插
入语）
..The short of fund, I think, is the biggest problem
we're facing at the present stage.
..2、她虽然年纪大了，可腿脚灵便、耳聪目明。（用简
单句）
..She is easy with movement and good with vision and
hearing despite her great age.
..3、若不是我抓住她，她就跌倒了。(but that)
..She would have fallen but that I had caught her.
..4、年轻人顶着风，冒着雨，出去骑马。（用一个动
词）
..The young man went out, against the wind and
through the rain, for a ride on horseback.

..3.7 句子扩展模式
..汉语：逆线性延伸


首开放性(open-beginning)

尾封闭性(close-ending)

..英语：顺线性延伸


首封闭性(close-beginning)

尾开放性(open-ending)


..汉语句首开放性（左分支）
..例：
..⑴手提电脑丢
了。
..买的手提电脑丢了。
..上周六买的手提电脑丢了。
..小王上周六买的手提电脑丢了。
..刚当上经理的小王上周六买的手提电脑丢了。



..(2) 对。
..不对。
..他不对。
..我认为他不对。
..我告诉过你我认为他不对。
..我明明告诉过你我认为他不对。
..我开会时明明告诉过你我认为他不对。
..我昨天开会时明明告诉过你我认为他不对。

..英语句尾开放性（右分支）
..He is reading.
..He is reading a book.
..He is reading a book written by Mark Twain.
..He is reading a book written by Mark Twain inthe reading-room.
..He is reading a book written by Mark Twain inthe reading-room on the second floor of ourlibrary.
..He is reading a book written by Mark Twain inthe reading-room on the second floor of ourlibrary which has just opened.

..3.8 前重心与后重心
..英语句子和汉语句子的重心
一般都落在结果、结论、假设
或事实上；
..但是重心的位置不同：英语
句子一般是前重心；汉语句子
一般是后重心。



2008年4月月历
..例如：
..①You need to fight for your point of view (句首重心)/
when something happens that is counter to your values
or threatens a project

the organization supports．
..在所发生的事情与你的价值观完全相反或者对你的机
构所支持的项目有威胁时, 你就需要为你的观点而战。
(句尾重心)。
②小国人民敢于起来斗争，敢于拿起武器，掌握自己
国家的命运，就一定能够战胜大国的侵略(后重心)。
..The people of a small country can certainly defeat
aggression by a big country (前重心), if only they dare
to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in
their own hands the destiny of their own country.

4. 汉英语体风格对比

..4.1 在词汇上的表现
..4.2 在句法上的表现
..4.3 篇章语体对比




..4.1 在词汇上的表现
..1) 英语有丰富的同义词
*英语本族词(native words)
*外来词(loan words)
*习语同义词(synonymous idioms)
..另一种同义词分类法：
..本族词与外来词同义词组
..固定短语与单词同义词组
..英国英语与美国英语同义词组
..原形词与缩短词同义词组

..同义词辨析:
..词义轻重
..范围大小
..语体色彩（口头语、书面语）
..感情色彩（褒、贬）
..具体和抽象
..搭配组合




..brave: (Italian) 坚定刚毅
..bold: (old English) 勇猛，甚至肆无忌惮
..courageous: (French) 坚强不屈的性格
..valiant: (Latin)(雅literary）用于人


(very brave, especially in a difficult situation)

..valorous: (Latin) (雅literary）用于人、事迹或技艺


(full of valor---great courage, especially in war)



..postpone ---put off
..tolerate ---put up with
..extinguish ---put out
..raise ---put up
..“Words are seldom exactly synonymous.”


---Samuel Johnson

..“English is among the easiest languages to speak
badly, but the most difficult to use well.”


---C.L. Wren

British Linguist



..2)一词多义和一词多用现象
..No context, no text.
语境是判断词义的主要依据
..e.g.
There are students and students.

文本框: 4.2 在句法上的表现
汉语句式
(1)结构上：单句和复句
其他： 主谓句、无主句、流水句、主题句
散句： 长句、短句
整句： 对偶句、排比句、顶真句、回环句
(2)文体功能：整句多见于书面体；单句和
短句则多用于口语体。
..4.2 在句法上的表现
..汉语句式
..(1)结构上：单句和复句
..其他：主谓句、无主句、流水句、主题句
..散句：长句、短句
..整句：对偶句、排比句、顶真句、回环句
..(2)文体功能：整句多见于书面体；单句和
短句则多用于口语体。
主位为方位或地点状语的句子，如：
例（1）：门口站着解放军。
例（2）：墙上挂着一幅画。
主位为宾语（包括可省略介词的介词宾语），如：
例（3）：这个会我没参加。
例（4）：（关于）今天的事故，我不想作任何评论。
主位为谓语的句子，如：
例（

5）：终于到来了，这激动人心的时刻！
例（6）：找到了吗，你的笔？

文本框: 英语句式
结构上：简单句（simple sentence)
并列句 (compound sentence)
复合句 (complex sentence)
长度上：长句和短句
修辞上： 松散句 (loose sentence)
圆周句 (periodic sentence)
平衡句 (balanced sentence)
..英语句式
..结构上：简单句（simple sentence)
并列句(compound sentence)
复合句(complex sentence)
..长度上：长句和短句
..修辞上：松散句(loose sentence)
圆周句(periodic sentence)
平衡句(balanced sentence)
完整句
片语句(fragment sentence)
..主谓先后上：正装句、倒装句
Unbalanced (不平衡): The purpose of this book is to help you to understand the
fundamentals of paragraph structure and putting into practice the principles of
composition.
Balanced(平衡): The purpose of this book is to help you to understand the
fundamentals of paragraph structure and to put into practice theprinciples of
composition.

..英语句子的文体功能


..1.简单句、短句、松散句:多见于口语，


给人自由、随意的感觉。

..2.复合句、长句：多用于阐述复杂的的思


想，适用于逻辑严密、语意复杂的论证

文体。

..3. 平衡句、圆周句：节奏感强、琅琅上


口、有气势，多见于演说类等具有感

染力的文体。



..4.3 篇章语体对比
..王治奎：事务文体、科技文体、政论文体
和文艺文体
..王宏印：应用文体、科技文体、论述文
体、新闻文体和艺术文体
..刘宓庆：新闻报刊、论述文体、公文文
体、描述及叙述文体、科技文体
和应用文体

汉英节奏特点以及对语言的影响

汉语为了追求音节的平衡和句法的完整, 往
往需要重复; 而英语以简洁为宗旨, 尽量
避免词语的重复.



..例如：
..1、他的工作是洗桌子和漆桌子。
..He was to wash [ ] and paint tables.
..2、我劝你应像躲避瘟疫那样躲避这种歌
谣。
..My advice is that you should try to
avoid such rhymes as you would [ ] apestilence.
..3、好办法，美国人出钱出枪，蒋介石出
人......
..What a splendid idea! The United States
supplies the money and [ ] guns and
Chiang Kai-shek [ ] the men.
瘟疫

..练习：
..翻译下列词语，注意由于音节关系而增加或减
少的词语的译法
..1、丰功伟绩
..signal contributions
..2、雄心壮志
..loftyaspirations
..3、真凭实据
..hard evidence
..4、奇形怪状
..grotesquein shape
显著的；
非凡的
极高的
奇怪的；
可笑的

..Assignment:
..①得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，②
一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿觉
打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。③一个春天的傍
晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，

一时宾客云
集，笑语四溢。④我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗
帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂
表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。⑤一霎时，一
阵被人摈弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭
起来。

..分析：
..1. 得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道。
..译１：Before the illness, I was much pettedby parents, doing
everything at will in the home.
..译２：Before I became ill, I have received all the favor of my
parents, just like a little tyrantat home.
..译３：Before I fell ill, I had been thebullyunder our roofs
owing to my dotingparents.
把……当
成宝贝
暴君
土霸；欺
凌弱小者过于喜爱的

..2. 一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打
入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。
..译１：When isolated and taken into custodyin a small house
on the hillside of our garden, I felt like I was abandoned,
getting more and more depressed.
译２：As soon as I was kept apart in a small flat built on the
hillside in the garden, I suddenly felt being consignedto limbo,
gloomily and disappointedly.
译３：Feeling like being deposedinto a cold palace, I began
to taste the bitterness of depression and frustrationimmediately
after I was segregatedand confinedin a small house on a
hillside in our garden.
监禁；
保护
使处于不利
环境；打发监牢；被忽
视的地方
放置；
免职
分离；
分开
限制；
监禁

..3. 一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一
时宾客云集，笑语四溢。
..译１：At one dusk in spring, flowers were blooming wildly in
the garden, my parents were holding a banquet, in which guests
were gathering, laughterscould be heard everywhere.
译２：On a spring evening, hundreds of flowers were in full
bloom in the garden where my parents hosted a banquet. For a
while, guests gathered in large numbers, laughing and talking,
which could be heard clearly.
译３：On a spring evening, my parents gave a banquet in the
garden where a profusionof blossoms were in full bloom. In
no time, a crowd of their guests collected and laughter was
heard all over there.



矩形标注: 丰富；充沛
丰富；
充沛

..4. 我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片
繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。
译１：I stayed in the small flat on the hillside, quietly opened the
curtain, caught glimpse of the world in the garden, it was so flourishing:
my brothers and sisters, male cousins, were coming and going through,
everyone looked pleasant.
译２：In the small cottage on the hillside, secretly I opened the curtain
to see the prosperity of the big world in the garden. All of them were
delighted, including my brothers, my sisters,

and my cousins.
译３：I, without being noticed, lifted the curtain in my small room,
only to spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopicworld down in the garden, and
my elder sisters, brothers and my cousins, each full of the joysof spring,
were shuttlingamong the guests.
喧闹的活
动；喧闹
万花筒（似）的；
五花八门的穿梭般来回
移动

..5. 一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛
哭起来。
..译１：It was so quick that I felt being deserted by people and by the
whole world, bursting into tears.
译２：I couldn’t help crying bitter, with a feeling of being abandoned
by others flooded in my heart at that moment.
译３：Quickly enough, I was thrown into a fistof sorrowful anger at
being forgotten and discardedby the rest and could not help crying my
heart out.
抓牢
抛弃；
丢掉

..完整译文：
..①得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，②一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡
上一幢小房子里，我顿觉打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。③一个春天的傍
晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。④我在山坡
的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表
弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。⑤一霎时，一阵被人摈弃，为世所遗的悲
愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。
..
..①Before I fell ill, I had been the bullyunder our roofs owing to my doting
parents. ②Feeling like being deposed into a cold palace, I began to taste the
bitterness of depression and frustration immediately after I wassegregated and
confined in a small house on a hillside in our garden. ③On a spring evening, my
parents gave a banquet in the garden where a profusion of flowers were in full
bloom. In no time, a crowd of their guests collected and laughter was heard all
over there. ④I, without being noticed, lifted the curtain in my small room, only to
spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden, and my elder sisters,
brothers and my cousins, each full of the joys of spring, were shuttling among the
guests. ⑤Quickly enough, I was thrown into a fist of sorrowful anger at being
forgotten and discarded by the restand could not help crying my heart out.