CCS+UT2级考试真题200708

CCS+UT2级考试真题200708
CCS+UT2级考试真题200708

超声波检测II 级人员理论试题答案(0708青岛)

一. 选择题(每题2分,共80分)

1.超声波的扩散衰减主要取决于

A.波阵面的几何形状;

B.材料的晶粒度;

C.材料的粘滞性;

D.以上都对.

2.超声波入射到异质界面时,

可能产生的物理现象是A.反射; B.折射; C.波型转换; D.以上都可能.

3.在检测条件相同的情况下,面积比为2的两个平底孔,

其反射波高度相差(书P.41公式2-54:

)61

2lg 20lg 20lg 20lg 20212

220221021

dB F F S F F p S F F p p p dB D D =====?φφφφφφλλ A.6dB; B.12dB; C.9dB; D.3dB.

4.下列直探头,在钢中指向性最好的是

o o D 9.514

59.570;16.52049

.570;7054=====θθλθ A. 2.5P20Z; B. 3P14Z; C.4P20Z; D.5P14Z.

5.检验钢材用的K=2斜探头,探测铝材时,其

K 值将因为铝的横波速度比钢的横波速度慢(书P.21表2-3),

所以根据折射定律:sin β铝/c 铝=sin β钢/c 钢, β铝<β钢

A.大于2;

B.等于2;

C.小于2;

D.以上都可能.

6.在检测条件相同的情况下,孔径比为4的两个人工球形缺陷,其反射波高相差

(书P.42公式2-57:dB s

s d D p s s d D p p p dB d d 121

4lg 204444lg 20lg 2022012021

====?λπλπ) A. 6dB; B. 12dB; C. 24dB; D.18dB.

7.通用A VG

曲线的作用是A.可以直接由声程和缺陷反射信号比查得缺陷尺寸;

B.应由相对缺陷距离和缺陷波幅增益(衰减)量,查出相对缺陷尺寸后,换算缺陷当量尺寸;

C.A 和B 均可;

D.A 和B 均不可.

8.在检测条件相同情况下,直径比为2的两个实心圆柱体,

其曲底面回波相差A.12dB; B.9dB; C.6dB; D.3dB.

9.

超声波检测系统的盲区是指A.主声束扫描不到的区域; B.近场内距离;

C. 1.6N 区域;

D.被始脉冲宽度覆盖区所代表的距离.

10.

表示检测仪与探头组合性能的指标有A.水平线性、垂直线性和衰减精度; B 灵敏度余量、盲区和远场分辨力;

C .动态范围、频带宽度和探测深度; D.垂直极限、水平极限和重复频率.

11.在超声波检测中一般不允许使用”抑制”旋钮,

其原因是A.使仪器垂直线性变化; B.动态范围变小; C.灵敏度降低; D.以上全部.

12.

超声波检测的灵敏度取决于

A.探头、高频脉冲发生器和放大器性能;

B.同步发生器性能;

C.仪器的重复频率;

D.仪器的阻塞特性.

13.为检测出φ10×3mm管子内的纵向缺陷,宜选用的探头是

这么小直径的管子,耦合是最大问题,故只能用水浸法,用聚焦探头是为提高检测灵敏度

A.聚焦探头;

B.水浸聚焦探头;

C.短前沿小尺寸双斜探头;

D.以上均可.

14.用同样的纵波直探头检测同质同声程的工件(检测面为平面),在相同检测灵敏度下,下列哪

种底面回波最高

A.平行平面工件;

B.凸圆柱面;

C.凹圆柱面;

D.凹球底面.

15.为检出20mm厚钢板中的分层缺陷,宜选用的探头为

A.纵波直探头;

B.横波斜探头;

C.分割式双直探头;

D.以上均可.

16.下列哪种参考反射体与反射声束角度无关

A.平底孔;

B.平底槽;

C.V型槽;

D.横孔.

17.对有加强层的焊缝作斜平行扫查探测焊缝横向缺陷时,应

A.保持灵敏度不变;

B.适当提高灵敏度;

C.增加大K值探头探测; D以上B和C.

18.超声波检测常规方法中,可检出的缺陷尺寸一般不小于书P.85倒2行)

A.波长的1/4;

B.波长的1/3;

C.波长的1/2;

D.以上全不是.

19.管材周向斜角检测与板材斜角检测显著不同之处是

A.内表面入射角等于折射角;

B.内表面入射角小于折射角;

C.内表面入射角大于折射角;

D.以上均是.

20.钢管水浸聚焦法检测时,下面有关线聚焦方式的叙述中,哪条是正确的

A.检测速度较快;

B.回波幅度随缺陷长度增大而增高;

C.聚焦方法一般采用圆柱面透镜或瓦片型晶片;

D.以上均不正确.

21.超声波探头近场长度N=28mm,发现工件中的缺陷声程为25mm,对缺陷的定量方法是

根据近场区可以探伤而定量困难的理论,可选

而焊缝探伤中,往往是在近场区进行探伤(特别是薄板,如国标、船标和JB4730作DAC曲线时,最近测距的孔是5mm或10mm,均是在近场区内,即近场区内的缺陷就是用与试块上的人工反

射体比较来确定当量.故也可选

A.直接与标准试块人工反射体比较得出当量尺寸;

B.直接用6dB法测定缺陷的尺寸;

C.直接用20dB法测定;

D.以上均非.

22.在相同条件下用6dB法和20dB法测定同一缺陷,测得的尺寸大小变化为

A.完全相同;

B.缺陷在声场非扩散区,6dB法测定的尺寸大;

C.缺陷在声场扩散区,20dB法测定的尺寸大;

D.以上均非.

23.I I W试块的主要用途是

A.校准和测定检测系统的性能参数;

B.用作人工反射体对比试块;

C.A和B;

D.以上均非.

24.K2斜探头声程调节用(水平1:1)钢制半圆试块的半径尺寸应为

(sinβ=L/R, R=L/ sinβ=30/sin63.4=33.6mm)

A. 33mm;

B. 42.4mm;

C. 66mm;

D.以上均非.

25.有的半圆试块在中心侧壁开有5mm深的切槽,其目的是

A.标记试块中心;

B.消除边界效应;

C.获得R曲面等距离反射波;

D.以上都是.

26.低合金钢锻轴中若出现白点,其部位往往在轴半径离圆心的

A.1/2处;

B. 1/3处;

C. 3/4处;

D.以上均非.

27.能否选用2.5P12×12K2探头(前沿长度为15mm)探测T=8mm的钢板对接焊缝

A.不能;

B.能;

C.不能判定.

28.在用高水层水浸检测调节时,如果水层厚度为20mm,被检工件厚65mm,则在始脉冲和一次

底波之间有几个水层界面波

设探测范围相当于钢纵波200mm,则第一次水层界面波在第4格出现(20水层相当于80钢,故在4格出现),钢第一次底波出现在7.25格.所以始波与第一次底波之间只有一个水层界面波

A. 1个;

B. 2个;

C. 3个;

D. 没有.

以下试题按照CB/T3559-94的有关要求进行选择

29.CB/T3559适用于下列哪种情况的A型脉冲反射式超声波检测

A.铸铁;

B.焊后放置时间达72小时的电渣焊焊缝;

C.奥氏体不锈钢;

D.外径250mm碳素钢管的周向焊缝.

30.本题4分)

A. 0.5%;

B. 1%;

C. 2%;

D. 3%;

E. 5%.

31.探头K

A. 0.1;

B. 0.2;

C. 0.3;

D. 0.4;

E. 0.5

32.1次:

A. 5天;

B. 10天;

C. 15天;

D. 30天.

33.母材板厚15mm,

A. 1MHz;

B. 2 MHz;

C. 3 MHz;

D. 4 MHz.

34.时基线调节时,最大检测距离至少调整到示波屏基线满刻度的

A. 50%;

B. 75%;

C. 80%;

D. 90%.

35.CB/T3559标准规定,初探伤灵敏度为

A.不低于MRL线;

B.不低于ARL线;

C.不低于DRL线;

D.不低于φ3线.

36.焊缝手工超声波检测中,发现缺陷回波位于ARL线和DRL线之间,有多个峰值,测长方法应

采用

A.6dB相对灵敏度法;

B.端点峰幅降低6dB法;

C.峰幅降至MRL线的绝对灵敏度法;

D.端点峰幅降至MRL线的绝对灵敏度法. 以下试题按照《CCS无损检测人员资格认证规范》(2000)的有关要求进行选择

37.陆上各类各级无损检测人员资格证书的有效期为

A. 3年;

B. 4年;

C. 5年.

38.拟更新证书的持证人,应向考试中心提出证书更新的书面申请,一般为

A.证书有效期期满之前6个月;

B. 证书有效期期满之前;

C. 证书有效期期满之后.

D.随时.

39.《规范》中推荐人员资格的基本等级

A.I级、II级、III级;

B.学员、I级、II级、III级;

C.实习人员、I级、II级、III级;

D.实习人员、学员、I级、II级、III级.

二.简答题和计算题(共20分)

1.什么是当量尺寸?缺陷的当量定量法有几种?(5分)

答:将工件中自然缺陷的回波与同声程的某种人工反射体的回波进行比较,两者的回波等高时,人工反射体的尺寸就是该自然缺陷的当量尺寸,当量仅表示反射体对声波的反射能力相当,并非尺寸相等。

当量法包括:

(1)试块比较法:将缺陷回波与试块上人工反射体回波作比较对缺陷定量的方法。

(2)计算法:当S≥3N时,利用规则反射体的理论回波声压公式进行计算来确定缺陷当量尺寸的方法。

(3)A.V.G曲线法:利用通用A.V.G曲线或实用A.V.G曲线确定缺陷当量尺寸的方法。

2.计算5P14SJ探头在水中的指向角和近场区长度?(水:C L=1500m/s)(5分)

解:mm f C 3.05

5.1===λ ?=?==5.114

3.070700D λ

θ mm D N 1633

.041442

2=?==λ 答:5P14SJ 探头在水中的指向角为1.5°, 近场区长度为163mm 。

3. 用2.5B20Z 直探头检测厚度为300mm 的钢锻件(C L =5900m/s ),衰减系数α=0.01dB 。

(1)如用试块(衰减可忽略)上的深200mm ,Ф=4mm 平底孔调节探伤灵敏度(Ф=2mm ),两者的波高dB 差为多少?(5分)

2)如果用厚度为200mm 的试块(锻件与试块衰减相同,但耦合差5dB )底波调节探伤灵敏度(Ф=2mm ),试计算两者反射波高差多少dB ?(5分) 解:A. 36.25

.29.5===f C λ mm D N 4.4236

.242042

2=?==λ 3N =127.2<200 故可用声压公式计算:

dB X X X X X X dB f j f j f j j f 2520002300001.022*******lg 4022200

23004lg 40)(2lg 40=??-??+??=-+??=-+=?试工αααφφ

答:两者的波高相差25dB 。

B.

dB X X X X p p dB B f B f f B 4710001.02200

214.330036.22lg 20)(22lg 20lg 2022212=??+????=-+==?απφλ

ΔdB 2 = 5dB

ΔdB=ΔdB 2+ΔdB 1=52 dB

答:两者反射波高差为52 dB 。

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