合兴英语
公司英语
一、织机构及职位
XX电子有限公司XX Electronics CO., Ltd
总经理办公室General manager’s office
企管部Enterprise management department (EM)
行政部Administration department (AD)
销售部Sales department (SD)
财务部Financial department (FD)
技术部Technology department (TD)
物控部Production material control department (PMC)
生产部Production department(PD)
模具部Mold manufacturing department, Tooling manufacturing department (TM) 品管部Quality Assurance department (QA)
冲压车间Stamp workshop, press workshop
注塑车间injection workshop
装配车间Assembly workshop
模具装配车间Mold and die Assembly workshop
金属加工车间Metal machine workshop
电脉冲车间Electric discharge process workshop
线切割车间wire cutting process workshop
工磨车间Grinding workshop
总经理General manager (GM)
副总经理Vice-general manager
经理manager
董事长president
副董事长Vice-president
XX部门经理Manager of XX department
主任、主管supervisor
拉长Line leader
组长Foreman, forelady
秘书secretary
文员clerk
操作员operator
助理assistant
职员staff
1
二、产品
连接器connector
端子terminal
条型连接器bar connector
阴连接器Housing
阳连接器wafer
线束wire harness
间距space
额定电压rated voltage
额定电流rated current
接触电阻contact resistance
绝缘电阻insulation resistance 超声波焊接ultrasonic welding 耐压withstand voltage
针pin
物料编号part number
导线wire
基体金属Base metal
电缆夹cable clamp
倒角chamfer
接触面积contact area
接触件安装孔contact cavity 接触长度contact length
接触件电镀层contact plating 接触压力contact pressure
接触件中心距contact space 接触簧片contact spring
插孔socket contact
法兰、凸缘Flange
界面间隙interfacial gap
键Key
键槽keyway
过渡段ramp
屏蔽套shielding
定位基准Datum reference
扁平电缆flat cable ，Ribbon cable
柔性印刷电线Flexible printed wiring
多层印制电路Multilayer printed circuit
焊盘pad
图形pattern
间距pitch
负极Negative pole
正极positive pole
回流Reflow
原理图Schematic diagram
单面板single sided board
双面板Two-sided board，Double-sided board
表面安装surface Mounting
翘曲warp，bow
波峰焊wave soldering
编织层braid
同轴电缆coaxial cable
电介质dielectric
电缆中导线的头数ends
外部干扰external interference
填充物filler
护套jacket
比重specific gravity
电阻的温度系数Temperature coefficient of resistance 三、模具
塑料模具mould of plastics
注塑模具injection mould
冲压模具die
模架mould base
定模座板Top clamping plate
Top plate
Fixed clamp plate
水口推板stripper plate
B板B plate
支承板support plate
方铁spacer plate
底针板ejector plate
面针板ejector retainer plate
回针Return pin
导柱Guide pin
有托导套Shoulder Guide bush 直导套Straight Guide bush
动模座板Bottom clamp plate
Moving clamp plate
基准线datum line
基准面datum plan
型芯固定板core-retainer plate 凸模固定板punch-retainer plate 顶针ejector pin
单腔模具single cavity mould
多腔模具multi-cavity mould
多浇口multi-gating
浇口gate
缺料starving
排气breathing
光泽gloss
合模力mould clamping force
锁模力mould locking force
挤出extrusion
开裂crack
循环时间cycle time
老化aging
螺杆screw
麻点pit
嵌件insert
活动镶件movable insert
浇注系统feed system
主流道sprue
分流道runner
浇口gate
直浇口direct gate , sprue gate
轮辐浇口spoke gate , spider gate
点浇口pin-point gate
测浇口edge gate
潜伏浇口submarine gate , tunnel gate 料穴cold-slug well
浇口套sprue bush
流道板runner plate
排飞槽vent
分型线（面）parting line
定模stationary mould，Fixed mould
动模movable mould, movable half
上模upper mould，upper half
下模lower mould，lower half
型腔cavity
凹模cavity plate，cavity block
拼块split
定位销dowel
定位销孔dowel hole
型芯core
斜销angle pin, finger cam
滑块slide
滑块导板slide guide strip
楔紧块heel block, wedge lock
拉料杆sprue puller
定位环locating ring
冷却通cooling channel
脱模斜度draft
滑动型芯slide core
螺纹型芯threaded core
热流道模具hot-runner mould
绝热流道模insulated runner mould
熔合纹weld line （flow line）
三板式模具three plate mould
脱模ejection
换模腔模具interchangeable cavity mould
脱模剂release agent
注射能力shot capacity
注射速率injection rate
注射压力injection pressure
差色剂colorant
保压时间holdup time
闭模时间closing time
定型装置sizing system
阴模female mould，cavity block
阳模male mould
电加工设备Electron Discharge Machining
数控加工中心CNC machine center
万能铁床Universal milling machine
卧式刨床Horizontal planer
车床Engine lathe
平面磨床Surface grinding machine
去磁机Demagnetization machine
万能摇臂钻床Universal radial movable driller 立式钻床Vertical driller
超声波清洗机Ultrasonic clearing machine 四、品管
SPC statistic process control
品管保证Quality Assurance
品管控制Quality control
来料检验IQC Incoming quality control
巡检IPQC In-process quality control
校对calibration
动态试验dynamic test
环境试验Environmental test
非破坏性试验non-destructive test
光泽gloss
击穿电压(dielectric) breakdown voltage
拉伸强度tensile strength
冷热骤变试验thermal shock test
环境试验炉Environmental chamber
盐雾实验salt spray test
绝缘电阻测试验仪Insulating resistance meter 内应力internal stress
疲劳fatigue
蠕变creep
试样specimen
撕裂强度tear strength
缩痕shrink mark, sink mark
耐久性durability
抽样sampling
样品数量sample size
AQL Acceptable Quality level
批量lot size
抽样计划sampling plan
OC曲线operation curve
试验顺序sequence of tests
环境温度ambient temperature
可焊性solderability
阻燃性flame resistance
五、生产
注塑机injection machine
冲床Punch machine
混料机blender mixer
尼龙nylon
黄铜brass
青铜bronze
紫(纯)铜copper
料斗hopper
麻点pit
配料compounding
涂层coating
飞边flash
预热preheating
再生料reworked material
再生塑料reworked plastics
工艺设计process design
紧急停止emergency stop
延时time delay
六．物控
保质期shelf life
ABC分类法ABC Classification
反常需求Abnormal Demand
措施信息Action Message
活动报告标志Action-report-flag
基于活动的成本核算Activity-based Costing (ABC) 实际能力Actual Capacity
实际成本Actual Costs
调整现有库存量Adjust-on-hand
已分配量Allocation
替代工序Alternative Routine
装配订单Assembly Order
装配零件表Assembly Parts List
装配Assembly
计划自动重排Automatic Rescheduling
可达到库存Available Inventory
可用材料Available Material
达到库存Available Stock
可利用工时Available Work
可签约量Available-to-promise
平均库存Average Inventory
欠交订单Back Order
倒序计划Back Scheduling
倒冲法Back flush
未完成订单Backlog
现有库存余额Balance-on-hand Inventory
批号Batch Number
批量生产Batch Production
标杆瞄准Benchmarking
工时清单Bill of Labor
提货单Bill of Lading
物料清单Bill of Material
分库Branch Warehouse
经营规划Business Plan
采购员Buyer
能力管理Capacity Management
能力需求计划Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP)
保管费率Carrying Cost Rate
保管费Carrying Cost
单元式制造Cellular Manufacturing
修改批量日期Change Lot Date
修改工序Change Route
修改产品结构Change Structure
检查点Check Point
闭环物料需求计划Closed Loop MRP
通用工序标识Common Route ID
计算机集成制造Computer-integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
配置代码Configuration Code
约束管理/约束理论Constraints Management/Theory of Constraints (TOC) 依成本的材料清单Costed Bill of Material
急需零件Critical Part
累计提前期Cumulative Lead Time
现有运转时间Current Run Hour
现有运转数量Current Run Quantity
周期盘点Cycle Counting
调整日期Date Adjust
有效日期Date Available
修改日期Date Changed
结束日期Date Closed
截止日期Date Due
生产日期Date in Produced
库存调整日期Date Inventory Adjust
作废日期D ate Obsolete
收到日期Date Received
交付日期Date Released
需求日期Date Required
发货日期Date to Pull
空负荷Dead Load
需求管理Demand Management
需求Demand
实际能力Demonstrated Capacity
非独立需求Dependent Demand
直接增减库存处理法Direct-deduct Inventory Transaction Processing 发料单Disbursement List
派工单Dispatch List
分销资源计划Distribution Resource Planning (DRP)
鼓－缓冲－绳子Drum-buffer-rope
经济订货批量Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
工程变更生效日期Engineering Change Effect Date
工程变更生效单Engineering Change Effect Work Order
工程停止日期Engineering Stop Date
例外控制Exception Control
呆滞材料分析Excess Material Analysis
急送代码Expedite Code
加工订单Fabrication Order
补足欠交Fill Backorder
总装提前期Final Assembly Lead Time
确认的计划订单Firm Planned Order
固定订货批量F ixed Order Quantity
集中预测Focus Forecasting
完全跟踪Full Pegging
通用生产管理原则Generally Accepted Manufacturing Practices 毛需求Gross Requirements
在制品库存In Process Inventory
独立需求Independent Demand
投入/产出控制Input/ Output Control
检验标识Inspection ID
厂际需求Interplant Demand
库存周转率Inventory Carry Rate
仓库库位类型Inventory Location Type
库存周转次数Inventory Turnover
发送订单Issue Order
项目记录Item Record
物料项目Item
加工车间Job Shop
准时制生产Just-in-time (JIT)
看板Kanban
人工工时Labor Hour
最后运输日期Last Shipment Date
提前期Lead Time
层Level
负荷量Load Leveling
负荷报告Load Report
负荷Load
仓位代码Location Code
仓位备注Location Remarks
仓位状况Location Status
按需订货Lot for Lot
批量标识Lot ID
批量编号Lot Number
批量Lot Size
低位码Low Level Code
机器能力Machine Capacity
机器加载Machine Loading
外购或自制决策Make or Buy Decision
面向订单生产的产品Make-to-order Product
面向库存生产的产品Make-to-stock Product
制造周期时间Manufacturing Cycle Time
制造资源计划Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) 主生产计划Master Production Schedule (MPS)
物料成本Material Cost
物料发送和接收Material Issues and Receipts
物料需求计划Material Requirements Planning (MRP)
登陆标志MPS Book Flag MPS
多重仓位Multiple Location
净改变式MRP N et Change MRP
净需求Net Requirements
新仓位New Location
新组件New Parent
新仓库New Warehouse
不活动报告No Action Report
现有库存量On-hand Balance
未结订单Open Order
订单输入Order Entry
订货点Order Point
订货方针Order Policy
订货承诺Order Promising
订货备注Order Remarks
双亲Parent
零件清单Part Bills
零件批次Part Lot
零件编号Part Number
零件Part
反查Pegging
领料单Picking List
领料/提货Picking
计划订单Planned Order
后减库存处理法Post-deduct Inventory Transaction Processing 前减库存处理法Pre-deduct Inventory Transaction Processing 发票价格Price Invoice
采购订单价格Price Purchase Order
优先计划Priority Planning
产品控制Product Control
产品线Production Line
生产规划编制Production Planning
产品率Production Rate
产品结构树Production Tree
预计可用库存Projected Available Balance
采购订单跟踪Purchase Order Tracking
已分配量Quantity Allocation
仓位数量Quantity At Location
欠交数量Quantity Backorder
完成数量Quantity Completion
需求量Quantity Demand
毛需求量Quantity Gross
进货数量Quantity In
排队时间Queue Time
队列Queue
重生成式MRP Regenerated MRP
重排假设Rescheduling Assumption
资源需求计划Resource Requirements Planning
粗能力计划Rough-cut Capacity Planning
工艺路线Routing
安全库存量Safety Stock
保险期Safety Time
预计入库量Scheduled Receipt
残料率Scrap Factor
发送零件Send Part
维修件Service Parts
发货地址Ship Address
发货单联系人Ship Contact
发货零件Ship Date
发货单Ship Order
工厂日历Shop Calendar
车间作业管理Shop Floor Control
损耗系数Shrinkage Factor
标准产品成本Standard Product Cost
标准机器设置工时Standard Set Up Hour
标准单位运转工时Standard Unit Run Hour
标准工资率Standard Wage Rate
状况代码Status Code
库存控制Stores Control
建议工作单Suggested Work Order
约束理论Theory of Constraints (TOC)
时间段Time Bucket
时界Time Fence
单位成本Unit Cost
采购计划员Vendor Scheduler
采购计划法Vendor Scheduling
工作中心能力Work Center Capacity
工作中心Work Center
在制品Work in Process
工作令跟踪Work Order Tracking
工作令Work Order
工作进度安排Work Scheduling
零库存Zero Inventories
经济订货批量＝Squat(2*年订货量*平均一次订货准备所发生成本/每件存货的年储存成本)
美国生产和库存控制协会APICS，American Production & Inventory Control Society
七．QS-9000中的术语
APQP Advanced Product Quality Planning and Control Plan，产品质量先期策划和控制计划PPAP Production Part Approval Process,生产件批准程序
FMEA Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis,潜在失效模式及后果分析
MSA Measure System Analysis,测量系统分析
SPC Statistical Process Control,统计过程控制
审核 Audit
能力 Capability
能力指数 Capability Indices
控制计划 Control Plans
纠正措施 Corrective Action
文件 Documentation
作业指导书 Job Instruction, work instruction
不合格品 Nonconformance
不合格 Nonconformity
每百万零件不合格数 Defective Parts Per Million, DPPM 预防措施 Preventive Action
程序Procedures
过程流程图 Process Flow Diagram, Process Flow Chart 质量手册Quality Manual
质量计划 Quality Plan
质量策划 Quality Planning
质量记录Quality Records
原始数据Raw Data
反应计划Reaction Plan
返修Repair。
返工Rework
现场Site
分承包方Subcontractors
产品product
质量quality
质量要求quality requirement
顾客满意customer satisfaction
质量管理体系quality management system
质量方针quality policy
质量目标quality objective
质量管理quality management
质量控制quality control
质量保证quality assurance
组织organization
顾客customer 供方supplier 过程process 服务service
设计与开发design and development ： 特性characteristic 可追溯性trace ability 合格conformity 缺陷defect 纠正correction 让步concession 放行release 报废scrap
规范specification 检验inspection 试验test
验证verification 评审review 测量measurement
计数型数据Attributes Data 普通原因Common Cause 单值Individual 均值Mean
随机抽样Random Sampling 极差Range
特殊原因Special Cause 稳定性Stability 子组Subgroup
计量型数据Variables Data 变差Variation
固有变差Inherent Variation 总变差Total Variation 偏倚Bias
重复性Repeatability
再现性Reproducibility
稳定性Stability
线性Linearity
分辨率Resolution
过程更改Process change
质量功能展开QFD
过程特殊特性Special Process Characteristic
产品特殊特性Special Product Characteristic
外观项目Appearance Item
初始过程能力Preliminary Process Capability
材料清单Bill of Material
设计确认Design Validation
设计验证Design Verification
顾客的呼声Voice of the Customer
过程的呼声Voice of the Process
八．常用缩略词语
1、ES 工程规范 Engineering Specification
2、KCC 关键控制特性（GM）Key Control Characteristic
3、KPC 关键产品特性（GM）Key Product Characteristic
4、OEM 整车厂 Original Equipment Manufacturer
5、SC重要(特殊)特性 Significant(Special) Characteristic
6、ANOVA 方差分析法 Analysis of Variance
7、CFT 多方论证小组 Cross function Team
8、DFMEA 设计失效模式及后果分析 Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
9、DOE 试验设计 Design of Experiment
10、DVP&R 设计验证计划和报告 Design verification Plan and Report
11、FTC 试生产能力 First Time Capability
12、GR&R 量具的重复性和再现性Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility
13、PFMEA 过程失效模式及后果分析Process Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
14、SFMEA 系统失效模式及后是分析 System Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
15、QSR 质量体系要求 Quality System Requirement
16、QFD 质量功能展开 Quality Function Deployment
17、TGR 运行情况良好 Things Gone Right
18、TGW 运行情况不良 Things Gone Wrong
19、VE/VA 价值工程/价值分析 Value Engineering/Value Analysis 20、BOM 物料清单 Bill of Material
21、Cpk 稳定过程的能力指数 Capability for stable process 22、LCL 下控制限 Lower Control Limit 23、UCL 上控制限 Upper Control Limit
24、LSL 工程规范下限 Lower Specification Limit 25、USL 工程规范上限 Upper Specification Limit 26、Ppk 性能指数 The performance index 27、MRB 物料评审 Material Review Board
28、PSW 零件提交保证书 Part Submission Warrant
29、X —
--R 图 均值一极差图 Average-Range Chart
30、SRPC 供方要求产品更改 Supplier Request for Product Change
31、SREA 供方工程批准的要求 Supplier Request for Engineering Approval 32、IAA 临时批准授权 Interim Approval Authorization 33、AAR 外观件批准报告 Appearance Approval Report 34、PTR 试生产(报告) Production Trial Run (Report)
35、DCP 尺寸控制计划(动态控制计划)Dimension Control Plan (Dynamic Control Plan) 37、防错（POKA-YOKE ）Mistake Proofing
【免费下载】综合学术英语教程练习答案
Unit Two Task1Familiarizing Yourself with Classif ication 1.Skim the f ollowing passage f or the answ ers to the questions below. 1) Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes. 2) Pollution (burning fossil fuels, mining coal and oil, etc.), the production of CO 2( the increase of population, the demolition of trees, etc.) 3) CO 2 is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. 4) Classif i cation helps us to determine and understand the relationship of the parts of a subject which is studied by us. Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition. 5) In order to make a clear and logic classification, one needs to follow a principle of classification and go on with a system consistently. For example, the categories of classification should be mutually exclusive and no overlapping is allowed. Reading1Causes for Global Warming Task2Understanding Lectures through Classif ication Listening1 1.Listening to the lectur e and write down wha tev er y ou believ e is impor tant, especially the classif ica tions of key terms. Unconscious motivation, unconscious conflict, the id, the ego, the superego, etc. https://www.360docs.net/doc/0014962560.html,e y our notes.D ecide if the sta tements below ar e true(T)or false(F).Then justify y our answ ers,in the space pr ovided,b y giving evidence fr om the talk. 1) T2) F3) F4) F5) T6) F7) T8) F 3.Listen again,paying a ttention to the f ollowing classif ica tions and then complete the tables below. Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivation Idea Two: The notion of unconscious dynamics or conflict 4.Listen again and piece y our notes together into a shor t summar y.Then r etell the lectur e to y our par tner. There are two interesting ideas in Freud’s theory: first, the existence of unconscious motivation; second, the concept of unconscious conflict. Freud believes that unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations, such as marriage, forgetting a person’s name, calling out the wrong name etc. In his view, there are three processes going on in the head, namely, id, ego and superego, which are in violent internal conflict. Id functions on“the Pleasure Principle”, while ego works on “the Reality Principle”and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego. Task3Reading Classif ication Articles Reading2Renewable Energy Sources—A Brief Summary 1.W ork with a par tner or a gr oup of3—4students.Study the title and phr ases in bold of Reading 2and discuss the f ollowing questions. 1) Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished). 2) √The purpose of using renewable energy sources. √The classification of renewable energy sources. √The examples of different types of renewable energy sources.
英语单词归类
英语单词归类前缀派生形容词 由il-，im-,in-或ir-前缀构成的形容词 illegal 非法的impossible 不可能的incorrect 不正确的independent 独立的irregular 不规则的，不规律的irrelevant 不相干的，离题的irresponsible 无责任感的 由non-前缀构成的形容词 non-stop 中途不停的non-violent 非暴力的 由un-前缀构成的形容词 unable 不能的，不能胜任的unbearable 难耐的，无法接受的unbelievable 难以置信的uncertain 不确定的unconditional 人不舒服的unconscious 昏迷的，不省人事的unconditional 无条件，绝对的undivided 没分开的；专一的unfair 不公平的，不公正的unfit 不合宜的，不相宜的unfortunate 不幸的 unhappy 不开心的 unhealthy 不健康的，不卫生的unimportant 不重要的 unknown 不知道的 unlucky 不幸的 unmarried 未婚的，独身的unpleasant 使人不愉快的unsafe 不安全的，危险的unsuccessful 不成功的，失败的untrue 不真实的，假的unusual 不平常的，异常的unwilling 不愿意的，勉强的后缀派生形容词 由-able 或-ible后缀构成的形容词able 能够；有能力的accessible 可到达的，可接受的admirable 值得赞赏的，可钦佩的available 可获得的；闲置的changeable 易变的，变化无常的comfortable 舒服的，安逸的enjoyable 愉快的；有趣的flexible 灵活的，可变动的horrible 令人恐惧的 portable 手提的，便携式的possible 可能的 probable 很可能的，很有希的 reasonable 合乎情理的 reliable 可信赖的，可依靠的stable 稳固的，牢固的suitable 合适的，适宜的terrible 可怕的，糟糕的valuable 值钱的，贵重的 由-al后缀构成的形容词 abnormal 反常的，变态的actual 实际的，现实的agricultural 农业的 annual 每年的，年度的 casual 漫不经心的central 中心的，中央的conventional 依照惯例的 digital 数字的，数码的 equal 平等的 federal 中央的 festival 节日的，喜庆的 final 最后的，终极的fundamental 十分重大的，根本的general 大体上的，笼统的legal 与法律有关的
英语单词的构成：独立单词+合成词(复合词+派生词)
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综合学术英语翻译第二册
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学术英语论文
英语学术论文作业 Hybrid Parallel Programming on GPU Clusters Abstract—Nowadays, NVIDIA’s CUDA is a general purpose scalable parallel programming model for writing highly parallel applications. It provides several key abstractions – a hierarchy of thread blocks, shared memory, and barrier synchronization. This model has proven quite successful at programming multithreaded many core GPUs and scales transparently to hundreds of cores: scientists throughout industry and academia are already using CUDA to achieve dramatic speedups on production and research codes. In this paper, we propose a hybrid parallel programming approach using hybrid CUDA and MPI programming, which partition loop iterations according to the number of C1060 GPU nodes in a GPU cluster which consists of one C1060 and one S1070. Loop iterations assigned to one MPI process are processed in parallel by CUDA run by the processor cores in the same computational node. Keywords: CUDA, GPU, MPI, OpenMP, hybrid, parallel programming I. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, NVIDIA’s CU DA [1, 16] is a general purpose scalable parallel programming model for writing highly parallel applications. It provides several key abstractions – a hierarchy of thread blocks, shared memory, and barrier synchronization. This model has proven quite successful at programming multithreaded many core GPUs and scales transparently to hundreds of cores: scientists throughout industry and academia are already using CUDA [1, 16] to achieve dramatic speedups on production and research codes. In NVDIA the CUDA chip, all to the core of hundreds of ways to construct their chips, in here we will try to use NVIDIA to provide computing equipment for parallel computing. This paper proposes a solution to not only simplify the use of hardware acceleration in conventional general purpose applications, but also to keep the application code portable. In this paper, we propose a parallel programming
研究生学术综合英语1-6课课文及翻译
Presenting a speech （做演讲） Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言 language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit 来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识， knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. 传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events]. 和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在 具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。 ——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?”Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an implicit
英语中常见可分可合单词的用法区别
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We are all ready for the trip. Let's go. 我们都做好了旅行的准备。那么咱们就 上路吧。 3. awhile 与 a while awhile 是副词，意思是“一会儿”、“片刻”，其前不可加介词或副词； a whil e 是名词短语，意思是“一会儿”(与 awhile 同义)，a while 前面可以加介词in，af ter或for，也可加副词quite。例如： Wait awhile. [= Wait (for) a while. ] 等一会儿。 The postman came quite a while ago. 邮递员好一会儿前来过。 After a while, they quarrelled again. 过了一会儿，他们又吵了起来。 4. asleep 与 a sleep asleep 是形容词，意为“睡着的”，只能跟在fall 和be 后面作表语，或置于f ind 后面作宾语补足语；a sleep 是名词短语，意为“一段睡眠”，与have 连用， 构成 have a sleep (睡一会)。例如： Don't make any noise. The baby is asleep. 别闹，小孩睡着了。 He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door. 他刚要入睡，这时传来很响的敲门声。 I had a sound sleep last night. 昨晚我睡得很香。 5. anyway 与 any way
学术英语
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10种英语单词记忆法分解
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love爱情——glove手套——clove丁香love——glove读音不变，但是love——clove 的读音就有变化。 (3) 有些单词从表面上看似乎并不能实施加一联想，但是进行词汇的运动记忆之后方可实施加一联想。 例如：cut(切)——cute(美丽的)——acute(急性的) (4) 有些单词实施加一联想之后，可能再分别对形成的新词添加字母增加词汇。 例如： addle腐烂变质的——waddle摇摇摆摆地走路——swaddle束缚——twaddle废话 (5) 加二联想，就是在一个已知词的前方或左侧，通过添加英语26个字母中的某两个字母或由某两个字母组成的前缀的方法增加词汇，强化记忆，扩展词汇量。 添加字母：flection屈折——reflection反射;倒影fraction分数——refraction折射red 红色的——shred碎片rob抢劫——throb跳动添加前缀： normal正常的——abnormal不正常的noble高贵的——ignoble卑鄙的direct直接的——indirect间接的usual平常的——unusual不平常的
学术综合英语unit
His Politeness Is Her Powerlessness Deborah Tannen There are many different kinds of evidence that women and men are judged differently even if they talk the same way. This tendency makes mischief in discussions of women, men and power. If a linguistic strategy is used by a woman, it is seen as powerless; if it is used by a man, it is seen as powerful. Often, the labeling of “women?s language” as “powerless language” reflects the view of wo men?s behavior through the lens of men?s. 他这样说是彬彬有礼，她这样说是低微无能 黛博拉·塔嫩各种各样的证据表明：即使女性和男性说话方式相同，人们对他们的看法还是不同。这种倾向导致有关女性、男性和有无能耐的讨论纷争不断。女性说话讲究方式方法被认为是低微无能，而换成男性则被认为是有能力的表现。视女性的语言为低微无能者的语言常常反映出男性看女性行为的视觉角度。 Because they are not struggling to be one-up, women often find themselves framed as one-down. Any situation is ripe for misinterpretation.This ambiguity accounts for much misinterpretation by experts as well as nonexperts, by which women?s ways of thinking, uttered in a spirit of rapport, are branded powerless.Nowhere is this inherent ambiguity clearer than in a brief comment in a newspaper article in which a couple, both psychologists, were jointly interviewed. The journalist asked them the meaning of “being very polite.” The two experts responded simultaneou sly, giving different answers. The man said, “Subservience.” The woman said, “Sensitivity.” Both experts were right, but each was describing the view of a different gender. 女性不为高人一等而拼搏，往往就被认为是低人一等。在任何情况下都极易发生误会。这也说明了为什么专家和非专家常常把女性以友善语言表述出来的思维方式曲解成低微无能的表现。没有什么能比一家报社刊登的采访片段更能清楚地说明这种根深蒂固的歧义。采访对象是一对心理学家夫妇，当记者问他们“表现得非常有礼貌”的含义时，这两位专家同时给出不同的答案。男性回答说：“服从。”女性回答说：“敏感。”两位专家都是正确的，只不过每个人描述的是不同性别的观点。 Experts and nonexperts alike tend to see anything women do as evidence of powerlessness. The same newspaper article quotes another psychologist as saying, “A man might ask a woman, …Will you please go to the store?? where a woman might say, …Gee, I really need a few things from the store, but I?m so tired.?” The woman?s style is called “covert,” a term suggesting negative qua lities like being “sneaky” and “underhanded.” The reason offered for this is power. The woman doesn?t feel she has the right to ask directly. 专家和非专家都习惯把女性的任何行为看为低微无能的表现。以上同一篇报刊文章援引另一位心理学家的话说：“一个男人会这样问一个女人：…请你去一趟商店好吗??同样的情况下女人会说：…哎，我真的需要从商店买点东西，但是我实在太累了。?” 女性的这种表达方式被称为“隐蔽的”，该词含有“鬼祟”和“秘密”等贬义，而这样表述的原因归咎于一个“权”字，女人觉得她没有权利直接提出要求。 Granted, women have lower status than men in our American society. But this is not necessarily why they prefer not to make outright demands. The explanation for a woman?s indirectness could just as well be her seeking connection. If you get your way as a result of having demanded it, the payoff is satisfying in terms of status: You?re one-up because others are doing as you told them. But if you get your way because others happened to want the same thing, or because they offered freely, the payoff is rapport. You?re neither one-up nor one-down by being
英文学术报告怎么写
英文学术报告怎么写？ 学术报告尤其是英文学术报告的写作对于中国学生来说是一个薄弱环节，反之，国外的教育对此则相当重视。去国外学习，各种课程都可能要求你写报告，特别是商业、科学或技术类学科。依据内容及导师要求的不同，报告的形式可能有所差别，但是写作的过程却是相似的。美联英语学习网向您介绍英文学术报告怎么写？ 学术报告（academic report or paper）的写作包括阅读，思考，针对一个学术课题进行案例分析及写作，总体来说就是为了让你的读者以新的眼光来看待该课题。大学的学术报告与你之前所做过的其他类型的报告（如高中时期为完成老师布置的作业而写的报告）的不同之处在于，它既陈述了研究事实，又提出了你自己的推论。 写作过程指导： 1. 研究及总结（Research and Summarize） 研究所选的课题，找出针对课题的“who（谁），what（什么），when（何时），why（为什么）及how（如何）”的答案。总结收集到的信息，清楚自己所掌握的，评估自己所不知道的，以便专注于进一步的研究方向。列出一个参考书目来引用并避免抄袭。 阅读原始文献及补充信息并考虑关于课题的历史或流行观点。思考每篇文章的要点同时注意它们的共性。缩小你的课题范围这样你就可以准备写一篇充满智慧的报告了。 2．定义结构（Define the Structure） 定义报告的结构并将你的论点串联成一个连贯的推理。依据报告的主题制定一个大纲。以这种方式组织你的观点可以帮助你看到各个观点之间的关系。
大纲中的所标题结构要统一。例如如果你的第一个标题以一个行为动词（action verb）开头，那么所有其他标题都应该以行为动词开头。副标题（Sub-heading）应该包含支撑大标题的细节。重组你的大纲直到它能清晰的反映一个思想逻辑流程。 3. 写正文（Write your paper） 学术报告通常包含五个部分:标题页，引言（包含论文主题），背景信息，关于论点及结论的细节，陈述支持或反对某个特点观点的争论。 用辅助段落来讲述一个故事，提供一个观察的视角，描述一个过程，定义意义，对思想进行分类，比较和对比观点，类推或解释为什么这种现象会发生。提供证据，陈述假设并适当添加个人观点使论文连贯、清晰易懂。确保每段都有足够的结束语及过渡句。在学术报告中尽量减少使用个人代词如“我”。 4. 校对（Proofread） 打印并大声朗读报告来检查错误。保证报告没有语法及格式错误。 至此一篇英文学术报告就完成了，当然在做报告之前还要加强学术英语的学习，背诵一些相关专业的词汇和术语，并尽量多阅读一些英文的专业文献，做好基本功。