江苏省南京市、盐城市2018届高三第二次模拟考试 英语试题
南京市、盐城市2018届高三年级第二次模拟考试
英语2018.03
本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分120分，考试用时120分钟。第一部分听力（略）
第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）
第一节单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
21. ―I‘m in China‖，______ invites foreign native worldwide to experience unique job, is a project under the guidance of the State Council.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. what
22. – How are you getting along with your presentation?
- Almost ready, and I ______ all I am supposed to.
A. did
B. had done
C. have done
D. shall have done
23. Divided into six themes, Victoria‘s Secret Fashion Show ______ 55 models in 87 looks.
A. featured
B. represented
C. attracted
D. impressed
24. –Metteo‘s new album Parama has turned out to be a hit.
- Oh, he is really ______ of a lucky dog.
A. nothing
B. anything
C. everything
D. something
25. I would have gone to bed when I was sick instead of ______ the earth would go into a holding pattern if I weren‘t there for the day.
A. confirming
B. predicting
C. pretending
D. concluding
26. The palace has been restored to resemble ______ it was during the time of Emperor Qianglong.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. how
27. The policy was rejected ______ a more cautious one.
A. in case of
B. in view of
C. in favor of
D. in place of
28. --- When will you ______ travelling?
--- Maybe next week.
A. go in for
B. get around to
C. look forward to
D. hold on to
29. America has become known for its ______ of individualism, which has been a source of conflict with other cultures.
A. push
B. ban
C. offence
D. control
30. --- Do you know the guy over there？
--- Oh, don‘t mistake him as an ordinary person. He‘s a ______ in our company.
A. cold fish
B. rotten apple
C. sly fox
D. top banana
31. Guanghwa Bookshop as a stand-alone bookshop may face a loss, because profits from
selling print books are ______ and rents in central London are high.
A. zero
B. handsome
C. adequate
D. slim
32. ---What do you think of her suggestion?
--- ______, it would be much more sensible to talk about it later.
A. Usually
B. Generally
C. Actually
D. Exactly
33. What you do not want ______ to yourself, do not do to others.
A. doing
B. done
C. being done
D. having done
34. Persistent people begin their success ______ others end in failure.
A. where
B. while
C. since
D. though
35. --- It‘s probably wise to let Princess Elizabeth undertake the Commonwealth tour. ______
--- Well, she‘s up to it.
A. What is it?
B. If you say so.
C. What say you?
D. If only I could go.
第二节完形填空（共20小题：每小题1分，满分20分）
In case you missed it, a video last week showed a miniature horse eating a bowl of carrots----from a high chair. A high chair. Yes, really.
It might seem ___36___, but it might also be the logical extension of the growing ___37___ of treating animals as human and treating pets as children. Examples of this attitude are ___38___, and range from the innocent to the near-crazy. Some people even ___39___ their pets for Halloween or create social media accounts for them. Should this cause ___40___? Should we just smile and nod when people treat their pets as such? Should we shrug off the Facebook page ―Animals are People Too‖ and ―My Child has Four Paws‖?
No. ___41___ animals aren't people. And pets aren't children.
There seems to be confusion about the ___42___between pets and children. People ___43___ the language of parenthood when talking to their ―fur kid‖ or ―baby‖. Of course, it' s one thing to use such language lightly, as an innocent expression of love or a(an) ___44___ of the great joy and deep bonds that pets, like children, can create. It‘s quite another to use this language ___45___.
Words ___46___. Using inaccurate labels for things doesn't just blur(模糊) the very real lines between pets and people; it can lead to dangerous delusions(错觉). What if a woman ___47___ having a baby won‘
t be much different from being a ―dad‖ to a dog?
―Pet parents‖ point out that they do everything ___48___ parents do---- feed, bathe, clean up, care for and love. ___49___, all these actions form only part of the routines of true parenthood. One does not, and cannot, teach ___50___ and morality to cats and dogs, yet that‘s the most important job of a parent. Having a child means preparing another mind and soul for adulthood and ___51___. Having a pet means keeping an animal obedient and dependent so it never ___52___ the way a child eventually will.
Pets and children serve different roles, ___53___ different places in the lives of humans. ___ 54___ these fundamental differences benefits neither creatures nor people. We call ―pets‖ ___55___ loving them any less. So stopping calling your pets your ―children‖.
36. A. awful B. absurd C. artificial D. awkward
37. A. trend B. expense C. demand D. danger
38. A. anywhere B. somewhere C. everywhere D. nowhere
39. A. pick up B. wake up C. dress up D. feed up
40. A. satisfaction B. inspiration C. conflict D. concern
41. A. Yet B. So C. Because D. Then
42. A. barrier B. comparison C. connection D. difference
43. A. master B. interpret C. adopt D. understand
44. A. intention B. reflection C. definition D. expectation
45. A. literally B. incidentally C. cautiously D. originally
46. A. exist B. work C. matter D. spread
47. A. believe B. prefers C. proves D. dreams
48. A. able B. absent C. reliable D. real
49. A. Therefore B. Indeed C. Furthermore D. Otherwise
50. A. languages B. attitude C. skills D. character
51. A. confidence B. enthusiasm C. patience D. independence
52. A. leaves B. plays C. grows D. performs
53. A. shifting B. occupying C. providing D. reserving
54. A. Revealing B. Denying C. Removing D. Emphasizing
55. A. by B. for C. without D. except
第三部分阅读理解（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
56. Which of the following might be the correct order of the missing subtitles in the passage?
a. In case of breakdown
b. Attracting assistance
c. If you have to drop out
A. a-b-c
B. b-c-a
C. c-a-b
D. b-a-c
57. We can learn from the passage that__________.
A. first aid staff can provide cycle capes
B. some roads may have normal traffic flow on them
C. refreshments are free to participants during the ride
D. Bike Events won‘t charge you for the return of your bike
B
Anonymizing job applications to eliminate（消除）discrimination is not easy.
―If you‘ve got the grades, the skills and the determination, this government will ensure you can succeed,‖ declared the British prime minister, on October 26th, as he introduced plans to tackle discrimination in the workplace. Ten big employers in the public and private sectors—including the civil service, HSBC and Deloitte—have agreed to start recruiting（招募）on a ―name-blind‖ basis in Britain; others may also follow suit. In such schemes, those drawing up shortlists of applicants cannot see their names, with the aim of reducing racial and sexual bias. But do they work?
Several countries have experimented with name-blind applications. In 2010 Germany‘s Anti-Discrimination Agency, an advisory body, sponsored a voluntary scheme to get businesses to try it. In France a law passed in 2006 made the anonymizing of applicants‘ CVs compulsory for firms of over 50 employees. But the government was slow in laying down the conditions for how the law would operate, and only started performing it last year.
In Sweden and the Netherlands there have been some trials. Discrimination against job applicants based on their names is well documented, particularly among ethnic minorities. An experiment in Germany found that candidates with German-sounding names were 14% more likely to be called for an interview than candidates with Turkish ones. A review of various studies, by the Institute for Study of Labour (IZA), a German outfit, found that anonymized job applications boost the chances of ethnic minority candidates being invited to an interview. A Sweden study found that it led to more ethnic-minority people being hired.
However, the results from other trials are less clear. A second Swedish experiment found that only women, not immigrants, were boosted by anonymous recruitment. According to the IZA, experiments in the Netherlands showed no increase in the likelihood of ethnic-minority candidates being offered a job if their CVs were seen anonymously, suggesting that discrimination had slid in at the interview stage. Ensuring that a candidate is completely anonymous is also tricky.
A 2012 French study found that foreign-born candidates and those from poor districts were less likely to be called for interview when applications were anonymized. Its authors suggested that recruiters may
have used other indicators, such as knowledge of Arabic, to identify race. In places suffering from religious tension, such as Northern Ireland, the name of a school can reveal a candidate‘s faith, while a few years missing on a CV may suggest maternity leave（产假）, and thus that the candidate is female. Going name-blind when shortlisting candidates may be a sensible start, but it is likely to be just a small step towards ending hiring bias.
58. What can learn from the passage?
A. In France, the government started the anonymized recruitment in 2006.
B. In Germany, chances of ethnic-minority name-blind candidates being interviewed are slighter.
C. In the Netherlands, the anonymous recruitment is more of a trick than an effective practice.
D. In Sweden, not only women but also immigrants may well enjoy a higher recruitment rate.
59. What does the underlined phrase ―drawing up‖ in paragraph 2 mean?
A. writing out
B. taking in
C. making up
D. picking out
60. By writing the passage, the author tries to ______.
A. inform readers of the idea of anonymizing job applications
B. explain how anonymization in recruitment is operated
C. discuss whether anonymization in job applications works
D. promote the strategies of name-blind recruitment
C
SAN FRANCISCO---When you pull the headset over your eyes and the game begins, you are transported to a tiny room with white walls. Your task is to break out of the room, but you cannot use your hands. There is no joystick or game pad. You must use your thoughts.
You turn toward a ball on the floor, and your brain sends a command to pick it up. With another thought, you send the ball crashing into a mirror, breaking the glass and revealing a few numbers on a wall. You mentally type those numbers into a large keypad by the door. And you are out.
Designed by Neurable, a small startup founded by Ramses Alcaide, an electrical engineer and neuroscientist (神经科学家), the game offers what you might call a computer mouse for the mind, a way of selecting items in a virtual world with your thoughts.
Combining a headset with virtual reality goggles and sensors that can read your brain waves, this prototype (样机) is a few years from the market. And it is limited in what it can do. You cannot select an object with your mind unless you first look in its direction, narrowing the number of items you may be considering.
But it works. I recently played the game, which has the working title Awakening, when Alcaide and two Neurable employees passed through San Francisco, and a few hundred others tried it this month at the Siggraph computer graphics conference in Los Angeles.
The prototype is among the earliest fruits of a widespread effort to embrace technology that was once science fiction---and in some ways still is. Driven by recent investments from the US government and by the herd mentality (从众心理) in the tech world, a number of startups and bigger companies like Facebook are working on ways to mentally control machines. They are also looking for smoother ways to use virtual reality technology. The increased interest in neurotechnology is partly a result of an effort the government administration started in 2013. The initiative helped create significant government financing for brain-interface companies and related work in academy.
The Neurable prototype shows what is possible today. Using electroencephalography, or EEG---a means of measuring electrical brain activity that has been around for a decade---the company can provide simple ways of mentally interacting with a game. Some companies hope to go much further and want to build ways of performing nearly any computing task with the mind. Imagine a brain interface for rapidly
typing on a smartphone.
At Neurable, which is based in Boston, Alcaide and the member of his team are pushing the limits of EEG headsets. Although sensors can read electrical brain activity from outside the skull, it is very difficult to separate the signal from the noise. Using computer algorithms (算法) based on research that Alcaide originally published as a doctoral student at the University of Michigan, Neurable works to read activity with a speed and accuracy that is not usually possible. The algorithms learn from your behavior. Before playing the game, you train them to recognize when you are focusing your attention on an object. A pulse of light bounces around the virtual room, and each time it hits a small colored ball in front of you, you think about the ball. At that moment, when you focus on the light and it stimulates your brain, the system reads the electrica l spikes of your brain activity. ―Once we understand them, we can use them.‖ Alcaide expects.
61. Which of the following is TRUE about the design of the game?
A. You can break the glass with a simple click of the mouse.
B. You can select as many items around you as you like.
C. The game has boosted the government revenues since its release.
D. The game can‘t work without sensors and virtual reality technology.
62. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6?
A. What was a fantasy is coming true with technology.
B. Whatever efforts you make might not fruit success.
C. Science fiction leads to the development of the prototype.
D. The technology behind the prototype enjoys wide popularity.
63. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. It‘s not uncommon that we usually have different voices in mind.
B. There‘s still a long way to go before the game is fully matured.
C. The Alcaide team focuses on limiting the usage of headsets.
D. It‘s impossible for Alcai de to read activities fast and accurately.
64. What might be the best title of the passage?
A. A game controlled with mind
B. A machine leading to the future
C. Neurable: king of tomorrow
D. Neurology: a cutting-edge zone
D
Miss Martha, aged 40, kept a little bakery on the corner.
Two or three times a week a customer came in in whom she began to take an interest. He spoke English with a strong German accent. His clothes were worn and darned in places, and wrinkled and baggy in others. But he looked neat, and had very good manners.
1.He always bought two loaves of stale bread. Fresh bread was five cents a loaf. Stale ones were two for five. Never did he call for anything but stale bread.
Once Miss Martha saw a red and brown stain on his fingers. She was sure then that he was an artist and very poor. No doubt he lived in a attic painting pictures and ate stale bread.
Often when Miss Martha sat down to her chops and light rolls and jam and tea she would sigh, and wish that the gentle-mannered artist might share her tasty meal instead of eating his dry bread.
In order to test her theory as to his occupation, she brought from her room one day a painting that she had bought at a sale, and set it against the shelves behind the bread counter.
Two days afterward the customer came in.
"Two loafs of stale bread, if you please.
"A fine picture, madam," he said while she was wrapping up the bread.
"Yes?" says Miss Martha "I do admire art.You think it is a good picture?"
"Der balance," said the customer, is not in good drawing. Then he took his bread, and hurried out.
How and kindly his eyes shone behind his spectacles! To be able to judge perspective at a glance -- and to live on stale bread! But genius often has to struggle before it is recognized. She thought he began to look thinner. 2. Her heart ached to add something good to eat to his meagre purchase, but her courage failed at the act. She did not dare affront him. She knew the pride of artists.
Miss Martha took to wearing her blue-dotted silk waist behind the counter. In the back room she cooked a mysterious compound of quince seeds and borax.
One day the customer came in as usual, and called for his stale loaves. 3. While Miss Martha was reaching for them, a fire-engine came lumbering past. He hurried to the door to look, as any one will. Suddenly inspired, Miss Martha seized the opportunity. With a bread knife Miss Martha made a deep slash in each of the stale loaves, inserted a generous quantity of butter, and pressed the loaves tight again.
When the customer turned once more she was tying the paper around them.
When he had gone, after an unusually pleasant little chat, Miss Martha smiled to herself. For a long time that day her mind dwelt on the subject. She imagined the scene when he should discover her little deception.
He would prepare for his luncheon of dry bread and water. He would slice into a loaf -- ah!
Miss Martha blushed. Would he think of the hand that placed it there as he ate? Would he?
The front door bell jangled viciously. Somebody was coming in, making a great deal of noise.
Martha hurried to the front. Two men were there. One was a young man smoking a pipe -- a man she had never seen before. 4. The other was her artist.
His face was very red, his hat was on the back of his head, his hair was wildly rumpled. He clinched his two fists and shook them ferociously at Miss Martha. At Miss Martha.
"Dummkopf!" he shouted with extreme loudness; and then "Tausendonfer!" or something like it in German.
Miss Martha leaned weakly against the shelves and laid one hand on her blue-dotted silk waist. The young man took the other by the collar.
"Come on," he said, "you've said enough." He dragged the angry one out at the door to the sidewalk, and then came back.
"Guess you ought to be told, ma'am," he said, "what the row is about. That's Blumberger. He's an architectural draftsman. I work in the same office with him.
"He's been working hard for three months drawing a plan for a new city hall. It was a prize competition. He finished inking the lines yesterday. You know, a draftsman always makes his drawing in pencil first. When it's done he rubs out the pencil lines with handfuls of stale bread crumbs. That's better than India rubber.
"Blumberger's been buying the bread here. Well, to-day -- well, you know, ma'am, that butter isn't -- well, Blumberger's plan isn't good for anything now except to cut up into railroad sandwiches."
Miss Martha went into the back room. She took off the blue-dotted silk waist and put on the old brown serge she used to wear. Then she poured the quince seed and borax mixture out of the window into the ash can.
65. Why did the customer always buy two loaves of stale bread?
A. Because he was to poor to afford better ones.
B. Because the bread was more delicious and to his taste.
C. Because the bread had a special usage for his work.
D. Because he wanted to create chances to see Miss Martha.
66. Which of the following can best describe Miss Martha?
A. Sympathetic, dreamy and decisive
B. Disciplined, ambitious and generous
C. Proud, sensitive and conservative
D. Practical, dependable and diligent
67. What does the ―blue-dotted silk waist‖symbolize?
A. Miss Martha‘s fine appreciation for art.
B. Miss Martha‘s affection for the customer.
C. Miss Martha‘s strong sense of ceremony.
D. Miss Martha‘s confidence in her bakin g skills
68. Which of the following sentences best forwards the plot?
A. ①
B. ②
C. ③
D. ④
69. Which of following sentences indicates the change of Miss Martha‘s feelings
A. Curious→ excited→ lost→ relived.
B. Curious→ hopeful→ frustrated → calm.
C. Nervous→ delighted→ disappointed→ angry.
D. Nervous→ satisfied→frightened→depressed.
70. What message does the story convey?
A. All is well that ends well.
B. Love grows with obstacles
C. Don‘t count your chickens before they are hatched.
D. Don‘t measure other people‘s corn by your own bushel.
第四部分任务型阅读（共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章表格中的空格里填入一个
．．最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题纸上相应的题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
A living wall or a green wall is a garden that grows vertically rather than horizontally and can exist inside or outside the home. Any well-lit place inside your home makes a suitable environment. Indoor herb gardens are growing in popularity and thrive well in sunny kitchens. Any outside wall does as well. Green or living walls are beneficial to us in so many ways. I will discuss below, in simple terms, how these vertical gardens can protect your home and environment, save you energy and benefit your health.
Pollutants exist all around us both outdoors and indoors. Toxic fumes(有毒气体)go into the air we breathe through our air systems and can cause what we commonly call ―Sick Building Syndrome‖ Green or living walls can significantly clear up the toxins. While all plants absorb pollutants, there are certain plants that do so with much more efficiency. Even one plant can remove toxins from your home or building. However, the more plants are added, the more toxins are absorbed.
The plantings prevent dramatic temperature variation, which then prevents the building from corrosion(腐蚀) that results from expanding and contracting during extreme temperatures. These plants act as a natural insulation, keeping air inside the buildings cooler in the summer months and warmer during the winter months. The manner in which these vertical gardens are constructed allows the building to breathe and protects the walls from wind, harmful UV rays and corrosive rain. Besides, living walls and green roofs help to provide a natural environment for birds and butterflies.
Simply put, the plants on the building's exterior keep the building protected from the heat of the sun, thus keeping the building itself cooler so that less energy is employed when you are cooling the building. Interior green walls also greatly help to reduce energy use by helping to keep the interior cool. With each additional plant, energy consumption is reduced. Therefore, a room with hundreds of plants can see a temperature reduction of as much as 7℃. This is indeed significant! During the cold winter months these green walls have the opposite effect and act as insulation from bitter temperatures. The additional layer
prevents heat from escaping, thus helping you to consume less gas or or oil.
Plants offer instant stress relief by softening the environment around us. They reduce noise and pollution. Gardens have an instant calming effect. In workplaces plants have been exploited to increase productivity, in the home they increase peace. They ease stress and tiredness, and offer rich oxygen. Gardens are strategically placed in hospitals for their calming benefits, which can lead to a patient's shortened stay. Try doubling the health benefits by building an eatable living wall in your kitchen. Absolutely, these greens will relax you and purify the air you breathe.
With so many benefits, why not build your own living wall?
第五部分 书面表达（满分25分）
81.请认真阅读下面有关―不同年龄达到不同能力巅峰‖的研究结果，并根据要求用英语写一篇150字左右的文章。
―At almost any given age, most of us are getting better at some
things and worse at others,‖ Joshua Hartshorne, an MIT cognitive
science researcher and the lead author of a study looking at how
intelligence changes as we age, told Business Insider.
The team behind that study quizzed thousands of people aged
10-90 on their ability to do things like remembering lists of words,
recognizing faces. Their results suggest that no matter what your age,
there‘s almost always a new peak on the horizon.
1. 用约30个单词概述图表和上文的主要内容；
2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：
（1）谈谈“不同年龄达到不同能力巅峰”这一研究发现的意义（至少两点）；
（2）结合自身实际，说明如何在现阶段把握你的优势。
【写作要求】
（1） 须表明个人观点，同时提供理由或依据；
（2）阐述观点或提供论据时，不得直接引用原文中的句子；
（3）文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
（4）不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
南京市、盐城市2018届高三年级第二次模拟考试
英语参考答案
2018.03
第一部分听力理解（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
1-5 CABBC 6-10 AACBA 11-15 CBACB 16-20 ABCBA
第二部分英语知识运用（共35小题；每小题1分，满分35分）
21-25 BDADC 26-30 ACBAD 31-35 DCBAC
36-40 BACCD 41-45 CDCBA 46-50 CADBD 51-55 DABBC
第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
56-57 DB 58-60 CAC 61-64 DABA 65-70 CABCBD
第四部分任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
71. light/sunshine 72. quality / condition 73. efficiently
74. cleaner/better/fresher 75. temperature 76. Saving/Conserving 77. coldness/cold 78. lower/reduce/decrease/lessen 79. less
80. shorter/shortened
第五部分书面表达（满分25分）
81. One possible version
A research, which involves thousands of subjects aged 10-90, reveals that people reach different capacity peaks at different ages with teenagers blessed with good memories and the elderly possessing a large vocabulary. (32 words)
The remarkable findings of the research are extremely beneficial. To begin with, clearly understanding their own strengths, people of different ages can develop their potential to the fullest. For instance, middle-aged adults have the greatest capacity to stay focused and work
out arithematic problems. Furthermore, the findings will boost confidence of the aged, who find their ability in vocabulary reaching a new high.
As a teenager, I shall make the most of my memory peak to gain an edge over others. Skills like critical thinking and analysis can only develop on the basis of factual knowledge. Therefore, I‘ll spare no effort to expose myself to books and memorize as much as p ossible. Hopefully, my memory peak will lay a solid foundation for my overall growth. (123 words)
书面表达评分建议
一、评分原则
1．本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2．评分时，可先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3．少于130词或多于170词的，从总分中酌情减去1-2分。
4．评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、运用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。
5．拼写和标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
6．如字迹难以辨认，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
二、内容要点
1. 用约30个单词概述图表和上文的主要内容；
2. 谈谈―不同年龄达到不同能力巅峰‖这一研究发现的意义（至少两点）；
3. 结合自身实际，说明如何在现阶段把握你的优势。
三、各档次的给分范围和要求