英语中的修辞手法概要

英语中的修辞手法概要
英语中的修辞手法概要

18种重要修辞手法

一、语义修辞

1明喻(simile)俗称直喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。例如:

1.The snow was like a white blanket drawn over the field.

2.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.

认真观察以上各例,我们会发现它们的特点,由(as)... as, like等引导,这些引导词被称作比喻词(acknowledging word),它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征,明喻较为直白,比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显,所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。

2暗喻(metaphor)也称隐喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。例如:

1.His friend has become a thorn in his side.(他的朋友已变成眼中钉肉中刺。)

2.You are your mother’s glass.(你是你母亲的翻版。)

3.Hope is a good br eakfast, but it’s a bad supper.

由以上各例可知,暗喻没有引导词,这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。换句话说,有为明喻,没有为暗喻。如:He has a heart of stone. He has a heart like stone.很显然,前句是暗喻,后句是明喻。暗喻时,比喻物和被比喻物之间的相似点较为含蓄,猛一看它们毫无关系,实际却有着某种内在联系。

谈到暗喻,有必要说说它的两种变体(variety):博喻(sustained metaphor)和延喻(extended metaphor),它们是英语比喻中的特殊类型。

(1)博喻连续使用多个喻体去比喻主体的方法就叫做博喻。比如:

There again came out the second flash, with the spring of a serpent and the sho ut of a fiend, looked green as an emerald, and the reverberation was stunning.(爆发了第

二次闪电,她像蛇一样蜿蜒,如魔鬼般嘶叫,像翠玉般碧绿,轰隆隆震耳欲聋。) 这个例子中对闪电的比喻就用了三个喻体,spring of a serpent(动态),shout of a fiend(声音),green as an emerald(颜色),它们从不同角度绘声绘色地把闪电呈现在读者面前。由此可见,多喻体的使用其优势是单一喻体所无法比拟的。它可以多角度、多侧面、多层次、多结构地表现主体。

(2)延喻据Longman Modern English Dictionary解释,延喻即make an initial co mparison and then develop it, expanding the author’s idea(作出初次比较再扩展,以延伸作者的意图)。请看下例:

A photographer is a cod, which produces a million eggs in order that one may reac h maturity. (摄影师像鳕鱼,产卵百万为的是长成一条。) 摄影师通常拍片成堆,难觅一成功之作,似鳕鱼产卵无数,长成者廖廖。故萧伯纳把摄影师先比作cod,再进一步用cod的习性比喻之,生动地道出了摄影师的艰辛。这里which后的从句就显示了延喻的功能。

与一般比喻相比延喻的使用更复杂。一般比喻只需抓住主、喻体之间的相似之处,延喻不仅要注意比喻本身,还要注意延伸部分是否与喻体保持了一致。也就是说,延伸部分应当是喻体的一部分,不能游离于其外。

延喻的构成分以下几种:

①由动词构成

The mist, like love, plays upon the heart of the hills.(薄雾,如心灵深处的爱,在山的深处飘荡。)

b.Her eyes, pools of love, were rippling in tenderness.(她的双眼似爱的池塘,正泛着柔情蜜意的涟漪。)

②由介词短语构成

a.The stone shaped as a kitten with crystal eyes.(石头形如小猫,眼似水晶

b.The huge sunlight flamed like a monstrous dahlia with petals of yellow

fire.(煤气灯燃得像一朵巨大的大丽花,黄黄的火舌恰似花瓣。)

③由句子构成

He is as poor as a church mouse, and a church mouse like him eats like a horse. (他一贫如洗,赤贫的他又特别能吃。)

④由从句构成

The chess-board is the world, where the rules of the game are what we call the la ws of nature. (棋盘如世界,游戏规则如同自然法则。)

总的来说,延喻是喻体的一部分,能够进一步描绘喻体发出的动作或产生的状态,对喻体特性进行扩展,解释喻体的功用。它使喻体由单一性变化为多样性,在结构、内涵等方面具有单一喻体无法比拟的修辞效果,所以学习好延喻对于提高写作效果是非常有帮助的。

3拟人(personification)拟人手法是把物,诸如动物、植物、物体、思想或抽象概念等比作人,赋予它们人的特性、外表、思维、动作。即把本来适用于人的词汇用于物,使之人格化。

请看下面举例:1.Freedom blushed for shame.(自由因羞愧而脸红。)

2.How rarely reasons guide the stubborn choice.(固执的选择很少是理智的。)

3.The sun looks over the mountain’s rim.(太阳挂在山边。)

4. The moans of the autumn wind wound in the deep of the mountains.(秋风的呻吟萦绕在大山深处。)

5. Flu stalked about, touching one here and there with his evil finger. (流感四处游荡,用它罪恶的手指碰碰这个,碰碰那个。)

4委婉(euphemism)委婉的英语定义是speak with good words,就是把话说得好听些,婉转些,使听者感到愉快。委婉法在各种语言中都有使用,十分广泛。

英语中的委婉修辞大致可以分为两类,一类是用暗示手法,转换角度使语言温和愉悦,另一类是用好字眼来代替不好的刺眼的字眼。

1.Your painting is not so good. (画画得差,却说成“不太好”,good总比bad好听。)

2.He wasn’t at all embarrassed by her low-income, and decided to marry her soon.(这里的low-i ncome其实是贫穷poverty的婉转暗示。)

3.Jackson, a black brought up in the inner city, ran swiftly along the track and beat all t he others. (inner city用来婉称slum——贫民窟,表示了对那位黑人运动员的尊重。)

5夸张(hyperbole)夸张手法是人们从主观出发,有意识地把事实夸大,故意言过其实,以达到强调或突出的一种修辞手法。它偏重于情感,而不太注重事实,表达得比实际事情更高、更强烈、更有集中性,具有诙谐、讥讽、褒贬等功用。一般说来,凡事物,都可适当地利用夸张去修饰。例如:

1.The tumult reached the stars.(闹声震天。)

2.My gray hair can make a long long rope.(白发三千丈。)

3.I haven’t seen you for ages.(几辈子不见了。)

4.Having been elected chairman, he felt as if he were on the top of the

world.(被选为主席后,他感觉似乎站在了地球之巅。)

5.He hurried to the railway station, looking at his watch a hundred times.(他匆匆朝火车站去,看了一百遍表。)

夸张的最常用手法有以下几种:

(1)利用数词

①His eyes fell on the page, but his mind was a million miles away.(他的眼睛在书页上,可心思却在十万八千里之外。)

②I am ten times better than you in handwriting.(我写字比你好十倍。)

(2)利用极端概念

①I’ll keep it a secret till the end of the world.(我将把秘密保持到世界末日。)

②I will love you till the seas gone dry, the rocks melt with the sun.(我爱你到海枯石烂。)

(3)利用形容词和副词

①The cost mounted to astronomical figures.(花销达到天文数字。)

②I am thirsty to death for the book.(我想那本书想得要命。)

如果用terrible, terrific, awful, horrible, fantastic等感情强烈的词去修饰并不重要的事情,就具有夸张的成分。

(4)利用形容词和副词的最高级

①I’m the happie st man in the world.(我是世界上最幸福的人。)

②Shakespeare is universally well known. (莎士比亚名冠天下。)

(5)利用介词短语

①Bill Gates rounded up a wealth beyond calculation.(比尔·盖茨聚财无数。)

②Don’t let the chance slip through fingers.(不要让机会溜掉。)

(6)利用名词

①He is always punctual as the Big Ben.(他总是守时如大本钟。)

②They cried to high heaven for a timely rainfall.(他们喊声震天乞求及时雨。)

6矛盾修饰法(oxymoron)顾名思义,这种修饰法就是把明显矛盾的词用在一起,以产生语言上的奇效。既然是矛盾的词,其词汇意义往往相对立,形成反义关系,它们用在一块可以深刻地揭示事物间矛盾对立,同时又协调统一的方面。例如:

1.The interview lasted for an endless morning, I got quite exhausted. (“morning”不可能“endless”,因为“interview”把人搞得“exhausted”,才有了时间上的“endless”。把有限和无限的东西放在一起,形成矛盾修饰。)

2.He sat there and watched them, so changelessly changing, so bright and dark, so g rave and gay.(他坐在那儿注视着他们,觉得眼前的景象既是始终如一,又是变化多端,既是光彩夺目,又是朦胧黑暗,既是庄严肃穆,又是轻松愉快。)

矛盾修饰法的特点就是构成相互关联的、属于反义的词被安排在一块,二者之间彼此对立,却又有着必然的联系,其产生的语言效果非常独特,令人过目不忘。比如:

cruel kindness 残酷的仁慈painful pleasure 悲喜交加

ugly beautiful 丑中带俊 wise fool 聪明的傻瓜 loving hate 爱恨交织 unfaithful faith 不坚定的信心old young man 事故的年轻人 walking dead 行尸走肉

从以上这些例子,我们可以发现它们结构上的一个特点,即意义相反的词都存在修饰和被修饰的关系,我们可以总结为以下几方面:

(1)形容词+名词:cruel kindness, orderly chaos, wise fool, painful pleasure

(2)动词分词+名词:loving hate, walking dead

(3)形容词+形容词:ugly beautiful, bitter sweet, poor rich

(4)副词+形容词:mercifully fatal, deadly alive, disagreeably pleasant

(5)副词+动词分词:changelessly changing, stably moving

(6)名词+名词:enemy friend, life-and-death

(7)动词+副词:hurry slowly, talk silently, live deadly

7移位修饰法(transferred epithet)移位修饰法就是将仅可用于修饰某种东西的词汇移植修饰到另类东西上的一种语言使用手法,即将甲事物的修饰成分转移到乙事物上,使风马牛不相及的成分凑在一起,反而使得语言简练凝缩,形象生动。比如我们经常使用的“Hap py New Year!”, “year”是不会“happy”的,如果非要生硬地说“You feel happy in the ne w year.”,反倒累赘了。其它如“a sleepless night”,“the smiling spring”,“hurrying aut umn”,等等,都是常见的例子。由于这种修辞手法的独特性和形象生动性,其在英语中的使用颇为广泛。

移位修饰法的内容形式基本上可以归纳为以下几种:

1.由修饰人物转为修饰事物

(1)He lay in bed, smoking his thinking pipe.(他躺在床上,抽烟思考。)

(2)Mother simply couldn’t fall asleep on his painful pillow.(一落枕就想头疼的事,母亲简直睡不着。)

2.由修饰动物转为修饰事物

(1)The neighborhood couldn’t stand to hear the gn awing cry from the husband over his w ife’s death. (邻居们不忍听到丈夫因妻子去世而撕心裂肺的哭声。——gnaw指虫子等的“咬啮”,形容的那种哭声难以言状。)

(2)The crawling minutes seem to be ever-lasting. (慢逝的分秒似乎永无止境。——crawl爬行。)

3.由修饰人转为修饰人的某部分或与人有关的状态

(1)Hans shrugged a scornful shoulder.(汉斯轻蔑地耸耸肩。——scornful常用于修饰人的心理状态。)

(2)She showed me an appalled gesture.(她向我作了一个吃惊的手势。)

4.由修饰具体事物转为修饰抽象事物

(1)I have mountainous difficulty in understanding Shakespeare’s works.(我理解莎士比亚的作品有极大困难。——mountainous表示“多山的”,如mountainous district, mountainous continent用来修饰“困难”,则表示“巨大的”。)

(2)They are in deep friendship.(他们友谊深厚。——deep表示具体尺度的词用来修饰抽象的“友谊”。)

(3)He changed his shouting into a purple roar.(他由叫喊转为面红耳赤的咆哮。——pu rple是表示具体色泽的词,用来修饰抽象事物roar。)

5.由修饰抽象事物转为修饰具体事物

(1)The sky turned to a tender palette of pink and blue.(天空变成了粉红碧绿的柔色色板。)

(2)They had to bear pitiless wind at night.(他们不得不忍受夜里无情的风。)

6.事物之间转移修饰

(1)He lift swiftly as the baking interview completed.(倍受煎熬的面试一结束他便急速离开。——baking原意是烤面包,此处修饰interview,为了烘托难熬的气氛。)

(2)Mark Twain had to leave the city because of the scathing column he wrote.(由于他撰写的辛辣栏目,马克·吐温不得不离开那座城市。——scathing指火“灼烫”,这里修饰col umn,指文章充满火药味。)

从上面的例子我们可以看出,修饰语移置其实是一种语义嫁接,在合理的联想基础上形成。修饰关系是否形象到位,关键在联想是否合理。这种手法是不可以生造的。

8双关(pun)双关的定义是“A figure of speech depending upon a similarity of sou nd and a disparity of meaning”,可见双关就是用发音相似的词来表达特殊意义的修辞手法,它非常能够体现使用者的睿智机敏、幽默俏皮,造成印象隽永的效果。它的使用场合亦庄亦谐,既常见于故事、笑话、谜语、儿歌等,又可用于正式场合,表达严肃的思想和深邃的感情。

双关语为世界各国人民所喜爱和使用,英国文豪莎士比亚的作品中就多达三千处。在汉语里,双关例证比比皆是。英语中的例子也不胜枚举,如:

1.If we don’t hang together, we’ll hang separately.(如我们不通力合作,就将分别被处绞刑。)

2.—Why is an empty parse always the same?

—Because there is never any change in it.(change既表示“零钱”,又表示“变化”。“空钱包”里边没“零钱”当然就永远瘪着,毫无“变化”了。)

3.A: “What four alphabetic letters will scare away a thief?”

B: “What?”

A: “OICU!”(这段对话则利用了发音双关,OICU—“Oh, I see you!”,岂不把小偷吓跑。读来饶有兴趣。)

4.“Doe, a deer, a female deer,

Ray, a drop of golden sun,

Me, a name, I call myself,

Far, a long long way to run,

Sew, a needle and pulling thread,

La, a note to follow sew,

Tea, a drink with jam and bread,

(这是脍炙人口的《音乐之声》插曲中的歌词,为世人传唱,经久不衰,不仅因为其优美激越的调子,还因为它把音符双关处理,在电影中用于教孩子们记单词,使各个音符具有了更深的内涵,不仅烘托了影片主体,而且留下了双关语使用的典范。)

9借代(metonymy)借代是借用依附于某一事物的另一事物的名称来代替该事物的名称的手法,换句话说,借代法不直接说出事物的本来名称,而是换用另一种说法。所以借代不是比喻,不需要两个事物相比。通常,借代的表现手法有三种,借代(metonymy)、换称(antonomasia)、提喻(synecdoche)。它们的原理相同,只是代称的着眼点有区别。

1.借代英语中常见的借代方式有以下几种:

(1) 以人的装束指代人woman in furs or men in grand coats(借代有钱人)

black gown(借代美国的大学生)。

(2)以人体部分或器官指代人或物

I won’t let my heart rule my head.(我不会用感情代替理智。)

(3) 以人、物的显著特征指代人、物

the gray hair(老年人)the egg head(秃头)zebra crossing(横穿人行道)(4) 以颜色指代the black, the white, the yellow(代各种肤色的人)

“Come on!” said the big white, pushing a small pike of reds.

(“开始吧!”大个子白人说,推出了一小堆红色筹码。)

(5) 以容器指代乘物He indulged in glass.(他沉湎于喝酒。)

A pilot should know there must be 18 hours between bottle and throttle.(飞行员应知道喝酒后18小时才能飞行。)

(6) 以乘物指代容器

They ordered 2 beers and 1 whisky. (beer为不可数名词,不可能说2 beers,显然指的是2 glasses of beer,同样1指1 glass of whisky。)

(7)以人名指代作品

I often read Luxun. Will Mozart be played at the concert? Sandwich

(8)以所在地指代机构

Berlin(德国政府) The Pentagon(美国国防部)Beijing(中国政府)

(9) 以工具指代动作或行为

Only a knife could save him.(只有动手术他才有救。)

He chose the gun instead of the cap and gown.(他选择当兵而不是上大学。)

The pen is mightier than the sword.(文治强于武攻。)

2.换称其原理与借代相同,常常是用具有特征性的称谓来戏称同一种东西。例如:

(1) He indulged in games after he bought an “Apple”. (Apple这里指“苹果牌”计算机。)

(2) The documents from the Foggy Bottom revealed the military budget for next year.(雾谷,代称美国国务院。)

(3) The emblems on the party tickets tell their members t o vote for the “big chick” - De mocrats, or the “bird on the dollar” - Republicans.(用“大鸡”和“美钞上的秃鹰”分别指代民主、共和两党。)

3.提喻与以上两种方式稍有不同的是,提喻是以以小见大,或以大见小,以局部代整体,整体代局部,一类代个体,具体代抽象,抽象代具体等手法为特点。现举例分述如下:

(1) 局部代整体

①Two heads are better than one.(三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。——用“头”代“人”。)

②He toiled all day long to earn his bread.(他整日劳作以维持生计。——以“面包”代整个生活。)

另外,sails - navy; wings - airplane; marching feet - army等等,都是很好的例子。

(2) 整体代局部

①It was reported that Korea beat China in a soccer game yesterday.(报道说韩国足球队昨天击败了中国足球队。——用国名代替国足。这是新闻报道中常用的提喻手法。)

②Class 1 is superior to class 2 in the crossword games.(1班学生做填字游戏超过了2班学生。——用班称代替班上的学生。)

(3)一类代个体

①Save our souls! (SOS!) (救命!——用“命”代替单个的“人”。)

②Nearly 4.8 million vehicles rolled off the assembly lines.(约四百八十万辆车下了生产线。——用“运载工具”代替“车辆”。)

(4) 具体代抽象

①He has a torrential tongue.(他口若悬河——用具体的“舌头”代替“口才”。)

②You could hardly hear the jingle of a cent in his wallet.(他的钱包里没有一个子儿。——用“硬币”代替“没钱”这个抽象概念。)

(5)抽象代具体

①Truth speaks louder than eloquence.(事实胜于雄辩。)

②There was a large gathering -business, art, science, all walks of life.(这是一次盛大集会——商界,艺术界,科学界,社会各界。——其中黑体字部分实际指代各界人士。)

二、语音修辞

10拟声(onomatopoeia)所谓拟声,是指模仿人或事物的声响,达到使语言生动活泼,形象风趣的修辞手法。如我们耳熟能详的“Jingle Bells”中的jingle,“Twinkle, twinkle, little s tar”中的twinkle, “Click Go the Shears”中的click等词,都是借用形象的发声来表示动作的。世界的万事万物都具有不同的声响,不同的音响,那么拟声手法就有着丰富的描摩对象,使气氛得到其它词汇无法传神的渲染。利用词的发音模仿人、动物或其他事物声音特点的修辞。它可以使语音生动、形象、逼真。拟声中多用名词、动词或副词。例如:

1.A hush fell over the village. 村子里鸦雀无声。

2.The rain pattered against the window. 雨哗啦哗啦地打在窗子上。

3.The boy banged himself against a tree. 那个男孩砰地撞上一棵树。

4.He heard the snap of a twig broken under foot. 他听见小树枝在脚下被踩断的劈

啪声。

Dingdong! Dingdong! Rang the doorbell. 叮咚!叮咚!门铃响了。

11头韵(alliteration)头韵,是指文章中(通常是散文或诗)某一句段里两个或两个以上的词词首发音相同,通过作者的安排,产生有韵律的特殊发音,从而增强语言特色和效果的一种修辞手法。这种词首通常是铺音,如drip-dry, bag and baggage,有时也可是元音,如Oh, the evil omen over the ocean!

头韵源远流长,源于诗歌,盛行数个世纪。拜伦、惠特曼等大诗人的作品里都有广泛而纯熟的使用。掌握头韵的使用,会助人写出如诗般的令人过目不忘的佳句来。

例如:1.The two friends were faithful through thick and thin. 这对朋友同甘共苦、始终不渝。

2.This is a tried and true way of saving water. 这是一种行之有效的节水方法。

3.Presiden t Jiang Zemin’s important speech on “Three Represents” is part and parcel of our study p rogram. 江泽民主席“三个代表”的重要讲话是我们学习规划的重要内容。

12半谐音(Assonance) 半谐音也可称“无韵”,是指一组词、一句话或一行诗中同一元音重复出现,它具有音乐的节奏感,可增强语言的表现力。例如:

1.It’s fair and squar e affair from the beginning to the end. 这件事自始至终都是光明正大的。

2.All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。

3.A little pot is soon hot. 壶小易热,量小易怒。

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英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的 自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力 气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用,能突破语言的局限,丰富表情达意的审美情趣,起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如:欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏;闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体;听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子;

最新英语中19种修辞手法和例句

1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉”。比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。 例如: 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily-like voice.(用视觉形容听觉,鸟落在树上,由它发出的声音联想到百合花)鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 2>.Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅觉形容听觉)品尝Mozart的音乐. 6.Personification 拟人 拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物. 例如: 1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜拟人化) 2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鸟拟人化) 7.Hyperbole 夸张 夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.. 例如: 1>.I beg a thousand pardons. 2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.

英语中常见的修辞手法

英语中常见的修辞手法

英语中常见的修辞手法 1明喻(Simile) simile -简明英汉词典['s?m?li:] n. (使用like或as等词语的)明喻 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,使人可见可感可悟,把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。例如: Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。)(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2暗喻(the metaphor) metaphor -简明英汉词典 ['met?f?] n. 隐喻

暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词,只是在暗中打比方,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。例如: I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.(我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。)(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧,孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)(大学英语第二册第七单元课文A) Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.(每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子,浪漫之花含苞待放。)(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 转喻(the metonymy) 转喻是通过相近的联想,借喻体代替本体。转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如: The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。“Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧,”医生说,“我会尽力做到科学能做到的,但每当我的病人开始数自己葬礼上的马车时,药物的疗效就会减掉一半。”)(大学英语第三册第六单元课文A) 4夸张(the exaggeration) exaggeration -英汉双向大词典 D.J.[?g?z?d???re???n] - exaggeration n. 1.夸张,夸大 2.夸张的言语;夸张的手法 - Exaggeration n. 夸张;夸大 把事物的特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张,即采用“言过其实”的说法,使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征,因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。例如:

英文修辞手法总结

1.Simile明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分)

英语最全修辞手法

英语常用修辞 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。或者说是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as c cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 4>.This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 5>.He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来,像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 6>.It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动,好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 7>.Carlos Lehder was to cocaine transportation what Henry Ford was to cars. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3>.German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。 4>.The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 5>.All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players. 6>.Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned. 7>.Time is a river, of which memory is the water. Oh my friend, what I scoop up from the river is all yearning of you.

英语中常见的修辞手法11928

英语中常见的修辞手法 1 明喻(Simile) 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,使人可见可感可悟,把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。例如: Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。)(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2 暗喻(the metaphor) 暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词,只是在暗中打比方,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。例如: I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.(我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。)(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧,孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)(大学英语第二册第七单元课文A) Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.(每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子,浪漫之花含苞待放。)(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 借代(metonymy) 借代是通过相近的联想,借喻体代替本体。借代是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如: The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。“Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patien t begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧,”医生说,“我会尽力做到科学能做到的,但每当我的病人开始数自己葬礼上的马车时,药物的疗效就会减掉一半。”)(大学英语第三册第六单元课文A) 4 夸张(hyperbole) 把事物的特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张,即采用“言过其实”的说法,使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征,因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。例如:Most American remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.(在大多数美国人的心目中,马克.吐温是位伟大作家,他描写哈克.费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆.索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。)(eternal和endless都是夸张用语,表示哈克.费恩童年时期田园般的旅游和汤姆.索亚夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事都已成为永恒不朽之作。) 5 拟人(personification) 所谓拟人就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写,赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化。例如:The first day of this term found me on my way to school, beautiful flowers smiling and lovely birds singing in the wood.(新学期第一天上学的路上,美丽的花儿在微笑,可爱的小鸟在林中歌唱.)(采用拟人化的修辞手法使句更为生动,表达更富情感.) The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost bare.(萧瑟的秋风吹落了枝叶,藤上几乎是光秃秃的。) (这里作者运用了拟人手法,将秋天比做人,秋天吹出的寒冷的呼吸就是秋风。语言表达生动、有力,让人有身处其境的感觉)(大学英语第三册第六课课文A) 6 反语(irony) 反语就是说反话,用反话来表达思想、观点、事物等等。有的时候可以达到讽刺的意味。例如: “What fine weather for an outing!”(计划了一个美好的出游却被一场大雨搅和了,于是出现了上面的这句话,通过反语达到讽刺的效果,从而更能够反映出当时的无奈与沮丧。)

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