语言学期末复习资料

I. 单选：

1. The sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between language and society is

called ________.

A. sociolinguistics

B. neurolinguistics

C. macrolinguistics

D. microlinguistics

2. Which of the followings doesn?t belong to dialectal varieties? _______.

A. regional dialect

B. sociolect

C. idiolect

D. diglossia

3. The dialect which is caused by social status is ________.

A. regional dialect

B. sociolect

C. idiolect

D. diglossia

4. Standard dialect is _________.

A. designated as the official or national language of a country

B. a dialect a child acquires naturally like his regional dialect

C. used by people who speak different languages for restricted purpose

D. used by people who belong to the higher social status

5. Sometimes, two varieties of a language exist side by side throughout the community, with each having a definite role to play. This phenomenon is _____.

A. bilingualism

B. diglossia

C. pidgin

D. creole

6. Which of the followings does NOT constitute the reason for regional dialect?

A. Geographical barrier.

B. Loyalty to one?s native speech.

C. The existence of standard dialect.

D. Physical and psychological resistance to change.

7. A speaker uses the Standard English dialect when interacting with strangers, and

uses a different dialect when interacting with individuals whom she recognizes as members of her own social group. This illustrates which of the following types of linguistic behavior?

A. Hypercorrection.

B. Negative transfer.

C. Code-switching.

D. Borrowing.

8. Which of the following statements is not the concern of sociolinguistics?

A. The language a person uses reveals his social background.

B. There exist social norms that determine the type of language to be used on a certain occasion.

C. How does the human mind work when they use language.

D. To investigate the social aspects of language.

9. The word “language”is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person?s

language. This is called ________.

A. scientific language

B. idiolect

C. colloquial language

D. formal language

10. The form of a given language used in a certain geographical space is called ____.

A. style

B. dialect

C. register

D. pidgin

11. According to Sapir-whorf Hypothesis, which of the following is NOT true?

A. Different languages offer people different ways of expressing the world around.

B. Language filters people?s perception and the way they categorize experiences.

C. Language patterns determine or influence people?s thinking and behavior.

D. Language structure people habitually use shows no influence on people?s behavior.

12. Which of the following about the relationship between language and culture is NOT true?

A. Language use is tinted with its culture.

B. Language expresses cultural reality.

C. The relationship is analogous to that of structures and processes.

D. The relationship of language to culture is that of part to whole.

13. The famous line “My love is a red, red rose.” stirs up vividly the imagination of a beautiful lady. This is the _______ meaning of “rose”.

A. denotative

B. connotative

C. iconic

D. dictionary

14. The meaning can be found in the dictionary is the _______ meaning of a word.

A. denotative

B. connotative

C. iconic

D. culture

15. In English, “green” in the phrase “green-eyes” is associated with ________.

A. unhappy feelings

B. high social position

C. envy or jealousy

D. negative qualities

16. France has made special efforts to protect its language from being corrupted by other languages especially American English. This is a kind of ________.

A. linguistics imperialism

B. linguistic nationalism

C. cultural imperialism

D. cultural diffusion

17. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is about ________.

A. language and thought

B. language and translation

C. grammatical structure

D. second language acquisition

18. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is also known as linguistics ________.

A. reliability

B. relativity

C. reversibility

D. reachability

19. Which of the following statements about nonverbal communication is NOT true?

A. Nonverbal communication and culture are similar in that both are learned, both are passed on from generation to generation, and both involve shared understandings.

B. Studying nonverbal behavior can lead to the discovery of a culture?s underlying attitudes and values.

C. Nonverbal actions always occur in isolation.

D. Nonverbal communication has five basic functions: to repeat, to complement, to substitute for a verbal action, to regulate, and to contradict a communication event.

20. Which statement is NOT right in describing the behaviorists? view?

A. Behaviorists view stresses imitation, stimulation and reinforcement.

B. Behaviorists offer a reasonable account of how children acquire some of the regular and routine aspects of the language.

C. Behaviorists hold that children learn the language gradually in much the same way as habit-forming.

D. behaviorist?s accounts are convincing especially when it is used to explain children?s acquiring complex system.

21. According to Chomsky, the Universal Grammar is ________.

A. got through imitation and practice

B. acquired through the interaction with the environment

C. pre-equipped in children?s brains

D. gained specifically for each language

22. Which of the following statements is true?

A. All normal children have equal ability in learning their first language.

B. Linguistic environment plays an important role in first language learning.

C. A child can begin his first language acquisition at any time.

D. It is easy for parents to teach their children grammar.

23. The child may get confused at hearing the color of white used for paper when he/ she first thought is as the word for snow. This is an example for ________.

A. under-extension

B. over-extension

C. hearing impairment

D. mental retardation

24. Around the age of 2, children begin to produce two-word utterances such as “mommy sock”, which of the following statements about this is NOT true.

A. This kind of speech is called telegraphic speech.

B. This kind of speech is called caretaker talk.

C. There are content words in the speech.

D. There are not function elements in the speech.

25. The children know the taboo words, the polite forms of addressing during ___.

A. pragmatic development

B. atypical development

C. grammatical development

D. vocabulary development

26. The theory of universal grammar was proposed by ______.

A. Noam Chomsky

B. Firth

C. F.

D. Saussure D. Sapir

27. The following statements about error analysis are true EXCEPT _______.

A. the once predominant contrastive analysis was gradually replaced by error analysis.

B. different from contrastive analysis, error analysis gives less consideration to native language.

C. error analysis compares the forms and meanings across the native and target languages.

D. two main sorts of errors were diagnosed: interlingual errors and intralingual errors.

28. Some Chinese learners of English tend to pronounce “three” as “tree” and “this”as “dis”. This is caused by _________.

A. interlingual interference

B. intralingual interference

C. cognitive factors

D. semantic change

29. The common errors such as “he/ she has/ have to touch the society” in Chinese English learners belong to _______.

A. systematocity

B. permeability

C. fossilization

D. substitution

30. Generally 4 types of motivation have been identified in the second language learning “Learners learn a second language for external purpose.” is called _______ motivation.

A. instrumental

B. integrative

C. resultative

D. intrinsic

31. Among various divisions of learning strategies. Those by Chamot (1986) and Oxford (1990) are widely accepted. “The techniques in planning monitoring and evaluating one?s learning” is called ________.

A. cognitive

B. metacognitive

C. affect

D. social

32. In the following statements about motivation, which one is NOT true?

A. It is defined as the learner?s attitudes and affective state or learning drive.

B. It has a strong impact on a learner?s efforts in learning a second language.

C. It plays an important role in learners? use of learning strategies.

D. It occurs only when learners learn a second language for external purpose.

33. ________?s Input Hypothesis is one of the most famous theories among different models of language acquisition.

A. Krashen

B. Chomsky

C. Austine

D. Halliday

34. The study of the relationship between brain and language is called _______.

A. sociolinguistics

B. macrolinguistics

C. microlinguistics

D. neurolinguistics

35. The brain stem maintains the essential functions EXCEPT ______.

A. heart rate

B. muscle co-ordination

C. respiration

D. memory

36. The “right ear advantage” means ________.

A. the right ear has an advantage for the perception of linguistic signals.

B. the right ear is better at environmental sounds such as bird songs

C. human beings can get sounds only from the right ear

D. the left ear can?t get the linguistic signals at any time

37. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. The information from the left side of the body is received only by the right side of the brain and vice versa.

B. The information from the left side of the body is received only by the left side of the brain and vice versa.

C. The brain is divided into two sections: the lower section called the brain stem and higher section called cerebrum.

D. The cortex is separated by the longitudinal fissure into 2 parts: the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

38. ________ refers to the learning and development of a language.

A. Language acquisition

B. Language comprehension

C. Language production

D. Language instruction

39. The word “Motel”comes from “motor + hotel”. This is an example of

________ in morphology.

A. backformation

B. conversion

C. blending

D. acronym

40. Language is t tool of communication. The symbol “Highway Closed”on a

highway serves

A. an expressive function.

B. an informative function.

C. a performative function.

D. a persuasive function.

41. …Linguistic determinism? and …linguistic relativity? have alternatively been used to

refer to _____.

A. cross-cultural communication

B. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

C. anthropological linguistics

D. ethnography of communication

42. The most recent advance in CD technology used in CALL is the development of

_____.

A. CD-ROM

B. CD-R

C. CD-I

D. HVD

43. What does …mouse potato? mean?

A. a mouse pad

B. a mouse shaped like a potato

C. a potato as food for the mouse

D. a computer addict

44. Which of the following forms of writing are more likely to use foregrounding?

A. Poetry.

B. Diary.

C. Research Papers.

D. Novels.

45. “_____” is often understood as a language system between the target language and the learner?s native language.

A. Input Hypothesis

B. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

C. Interlanguage

D. Contrastive Analysis

单选答案：

1-10：A D B A B C C C B B

11-20：D C C A C B A B C D

21-30：C B A B A A C A C C

31-40：B D A D D A B A C C

41-45: B B D A C

II. 多选题：

1. Which of the following are foregrounded?

A. The 1960 dream of high rise living soon turned into a nightmare.

B. The speech was made 29 October 1941 to the boys at Churchill?s old public

school, Harrow.

C. Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.

D. We have not journeyed across the centuries, across the oceans, across the

mountains, across the prairies, because we are made of sugar candy.

2. Which of the following include a metonymy?

A. By this hour the volcanic fires of his nature had burnt down.

B. The kettle boils.

C. Lands belong to the crown.

D. They have a fleet of fifty sails.

3. Which of the following lines are most likely from the poems of E. E. Cummings?

A. l(a / le / af / fa / ll / s) / one / l / iness

B. am was. are leaves few this. is these a or / scratchily over which of earth dragged

once

C. i had an uncle named / Sol who was a born failure and

D. A woman I forswore; but I will prove, / Though being a goddess, I forswore not

thee:

4. Which of the following involve …general context effects??

A. You can understand every word of a baseball commentary but you do not know

what it is talking about.

B. You do not understand a sentence but when you read the next sentence you can

know the meaning of the first one.

C. You do not know why in a foreign movie people say yes as they shake their

heads.

D. You do not know what a text is about until you are given the title of the text.

5. Which of the following statements can be made about sociolinguistics?

A. It has contributed to a fresh look at the nature of language development and use.

B. It has contributed to the development of theoretical linguistics.

C. It has contributed to a change of emphasis in the content of language teaching.

D. It has contributed to innovations in materials and activities for the language

classroom.

6. Which of the following statements are true of a computer corpus?

A. It is a large body of machine-readable texts.

B. It is a collection of linguistic data.

C. Its main purpose is to verify a hypothesis about language.

D. It deals with the principles and practice of using corpora in language study.

7. Which of the following terms are related to Cognitive Linguistics?

A. Word recognition.

B. Language acquisition.

C. Construal operations.

D. Categorization.

8. Which of the following are NOT true of the “women register”?

A. Women use more “fancy” color terms.

B. Women use stronger swearing words.

C. Women use more intensifiers.

D. Women use more direct expressions.

9. Which of the following include a metaphor?

A. His eyes came out of his head like a prawn?s.

B. The hallway was zebra-striped with darkness and moonlight.

C. The thought was a fire in him.

D. The world is a looking-glass, and gives back to every man the reflection of his

own face.

10. Which of the following are writings of stream of consciousness?

A. Pride and Prejudice

B. To the Lighthouse.

C. As I Lay Dying.

D. Jane Eyre.

11. Which of the following book titles contain “alliteration”?

A. Vowels and Consonants.

B. Gone with the Wind.

C. Sex and the City.

D. The Wonder of Words.

多选答案：

1-5：CD，BC，ABC，AC，ACD，

6-10：ABC，CD，BD，BCD，BC，

11：BCD，

III. Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). (10 points,

1 point each)

1) Duality refers to the property of having two levels of structures，such that units

of

the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.

2) Articulatory Phonetics studies the physical properties of speech sounds.

3) The adjective is an open class of words.

4) The “parts of speech” in traditional grammar is often referred to as “word

class” today.

5) “Hot” and “cold” are converse antonyms.

6) The holophrastic stage is the mature phase of language acquisition.

7) Men use stronger curse words than women.

8) The Relevance Theory was suggested by H. P. Grice.

9) Stream of consciousness was used in the writings of William Faulkner.

10) Machine translation can be used for restricted technical purposes, such as the

weather report.

辨析题答案：

1. T

2. F

3. T

4. T

5. F

6. F

7. T

8. F

9. T 10. T

Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (15 points)

1. Arbitrariness means you can use language in any way you like.

2. The English syllable may have as many as three consonants in the coda

position.

3. When dividing syllables, we normally put consonants in the coda position.

4. “Radar” is an invented word.

5. The consonant [x] existed in Old English.

6. Today we normally say that English has two tenses: present and past.

7. According to J. Firbas, Communicative Dynamism refers to “the extent to

which the sentence element contributes to the development of the

communication.”

8. Leech?s conceptual meaning has two sides: sense and reference.

9. In logical symbols, ?means “all” and ?means “some”.

10. Deviation corresponds to the traditional idea of poetic license: the writer of

literature is allowed – in contrast to the everyday speaker – to deviate from

rules, maxims, or conventions.

11. Couplets are two lines of verse, usually connected by a rhyme.

12. A language that has seven color terms has reached the last stage of evolution.

13. In Hopi, a simple question like …Are you going to eat rice and cassava now??

will have several different translations in accordance with the actual

situations.

14. MT can now be realized on the internet.

15. A concordance is a listing of the contexts in which a word appears, as

retrieved from a computer corpus.

正误辨析答案：