2016年南开大学外国语言学及应用语言学考研参考书-考研真题-考研专业课辅导
英语语言学试题(1)及答案
英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.
2021复旦大学英语语言文学考研参考书真题经验
复旦大学 英语语言文学考研经验
从决定考研开始就一直查各种资料和各种考验心得，经常在high研看师哥师姐们的热血经历，也得到了很多师哥师姐们的帮助，在这里先谢谢大家了。 我准备考研比较早，元旦左右就开始了，因为大三课比较多，所以前期复习时间较短，速度有点慢，因此，如果大家已经有目标，建议越早开始越好The early bird catches the worm! 政治： 暑假开始复习政治，一直到最后都是跟着肖秀荣老师的书在走，1000题很重要，可以抓很多细节性的知识，建议不要在书上直接写，方便后期反复利用。暑假期间可以先看去年大纲，大概有个印象，最后冲刺时四八套题一定要好好背，今年肖老师大题基本都中了。政治最好每天都分配一定的时间，这一科记得快忘的也快。 考研政治每门课都是一个庞大的体系，有着大量的内容。因此需要建构每门课的大体系框架，通过一个框架把整门课连接起来，背李凡政治新时器就够了。以中国近现代史纲要为例，以时间顺序可以把中国近现代史纲要分为两部分，即以1949年10月为分界限的中国近代史和中国现代史。 中国近代史又可分为两部分，即以“五四运动”为界限的旧民主主义运动和新民主主义运动两部分。在这两个阶段有一条非常明显的主线：列强对中国的侵略和中华民族各个阶层为了中国的独立所做出的努力。 根据这条主线旧民主主义运动又可以分为几个部分，即地主阶级、资产阶级维新派、资产阶级革命派、农民阶级做出的尝试，分别是“洋务运动”“戊戌变法”“辛亥革命”“太平天国运动”和“义和团运动”。“五四运动”后的新民主主义运动也可根据主线分为几个阶段，即第一次国内革命战争时期，国共十年对峙时期，抗日战争时期，解放战争时期。 中国现代史就是新中国的建设史，可以根据这条主线分为几个阶段，即1949~1956年的过渡时期，1956~1966年的社会主义建设时期，1966~1976年的“十年文革”时期，1976以后的社会主义建设新时期。 二外法语： 本科学校教材是新大学法语，我复习用过的资料有：考研必备，二外法语考研综合（肖红），和圣才出版的名校历年二外真题，不过这些书提供的答案有些
南开大学物理化学专业考研大纲和复习经验
南开大学物理化学专业考研大纲和复习经验 南开大学物理化学专业考研复习都是有依据可循的,考研学子关注事项流程为：考研报录比-大纲信息-参考书-资料-真题-复习经验-辅导-复试-导师。缺一不可，考研大纲会在九十月份发布，研友们不要着急，一定要耐心等待，可以参照去年的大纲先复习着，首先呢，南开大学物理化学专业下包含综合化学与物理化学（含结构化学），二者择其一。我个人的复习经验可以简单说一说，首先刚开始的时候，关注了一些考研公众号，在贴吧寻找经验，看到很多学长像我现在一样，分享着自己的考研经验，但是我很不擅长总结这种东西，一个理科生，原谅我吧。我会把该说的都说到。先列出大纲吧，再说一下我如何利用复习资料的，还有复习进度。 下面是南开大学物理化学专业综合化学考试大纲 一、考试目的 综合化学考试是为我校招收化学类、植物保护类专业的硕士研究生而设置的入学考试科目。 二、考试的性质与范围 本考试是测试考生化学水平的尺度参照性水平考试,考试范围包括本大纲规定的内容。 三、考试基本要求 要求考生比较系统地掌握在大学阶段在化学方面的基础理论，基本知识和基本技能，能综合运用所学知识分析问题、解决问题以及考查考生知识面的广度。 四、考试形式 本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法，强调考生运用化学基本原理解决问题的能力。 考试时间为180分钟，答题方式为闭卷考试（可以使用数学计算器）。 试卷满分150分，分四部分，其中无机化学40分，分析化学30分，有机化学40分，物理化学40分。 五、考试内容 本科目各部分考试内容，请对应参照科目无机化学、分析化学（不含仪器分析内容）、有机化学(化学学院)、物理化学（不含结构化学内容）的考试大纲。 下面是南开大学物理化学专业物理化学(含结构化学)考试大纲 一、考试目的本考试是化学学院全日制物理化学专业硕士学位研究生的入学资格考试之专业基础课。 二、考试的性质与范围本考试是测试考生物理化学（包括结构化学）水平的尺度参照性水平考试。考试范围包括本大纲规定的物理化学和结构化学内容。 三、考试基本要求 1.要求考生具备物理化学和结构化学相应的背景知识。 2.掌握物理化学和结构化学的基本原理，并能应用这些原理和思想方法处理、解决化学中的实际问题。 四、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法，强调考生运用物理化学、结构化学基本原理解决问题的能力。试卷满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。 五、考试内容本考试包括两个部分：物理化学（占70%）、结构化学（占30%）。
南开大学数学分析考研试卷答案
南开大学年数学分析考研试卷答案 一、 设),,(x y x y x f w -+= 其中),,(z y x f 有二阶连续偏导数，求xy w . 解：令u =x +y ，v =x -y ，z =x ，则z v u x f f f w ++=； )1()1()1(-++-++-+=zv zu vv vu uv uu xy f f f f f f w 二、 设数列}{n a 非负单增且a a n n =∞ →lim ，证明 a a a a n n n n n n =+++∞ →1 21][lim . 解：因为a n 非负单增，故有n n n n n n n n n na a a a a 11 21)(][≤+++≤ . 由a a n n =∞ →lim ；据两边夹定理有极限成立。 三、 设? ??≤>+=0 ,00),1ln()(2 x x x x x f α,试确定α的取值范围，使f (x )分别满足： （1） 极限)(lim 0x f x + →存在 （2） f (x )在x=0连续 （3） f (x )在x=0可导 解：（1）因为 )(lim 0x f x + →=)1ln(lim 2 0x x x ++ →α=)]()1(2[lim 221420n n n x x o n x x x x +-++- -→+ α极限存在，则 2+α0≥知α2-≥. (2)因为)(lim 0 x f x - →=0=f(0)所以要使f(x)在0连续则2->α . （3）0)0(='- f 所以要使f(x)在0可导则1->α. 四、设f (x )在R 连续，证明积分ydy xdx y x f l ++?)(22与积分路径无关. 解；令U =22 y x +，则ydy xdx y x f l ++?)(22=2 1du u f l )(?又f (x )在R 上连续，故存 在F （u ）使d F (u )=f (u )du=ydy xdx y x f ++)(22. 所以积分与路径无关。
英语专业考研 语言学复习题附答案
英语专业考研语言学复习题附答案 Chapter I Introduction I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 2.Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general. 3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks. 4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts. 5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole. 6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study. 7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. 8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences. 9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology. 10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences. 11. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics. 12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings. 13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context. 14. Social changes can often bring about language changes. 15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society. 16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. 17. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar. 18. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time. 19 Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language. 20. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure. II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given: 21. Ch omsky defines “ competence” as the ideal user’s k__________ of the rules of his language. https://www.360docs.net/doc/2b15981339.html,ngue refers to the a__________ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules. 23.D_________ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless
南开大学711综合化学考研真题解析
南开大学研究生入学考试 综合化学科目 考研真题解析 （本资料由优秀考生所编） 注：本资料版权归本公司所有，公司已与编者签转让协议，任何人未经本公司授权私自出售本资料，本公司将追究其相关责任！
南开大学711综合化学考研真题解析 考研需要广大研友勤做题、善总结。历年真题是研友们必做不可的习题。基于此天津考研网近年来一直致力于为研友整理历年真题，帮助研友用最短的时间实现全面而有深度的复习。 【院校】南开大学 【科目】综合化学 【发货方式】快递发货 【资料形式】纸质版（历年真题及参考答案）+电子版（解析视频） 【包含年份】此为2005年，不单独出售。 一、内容简介 《考研专业课真题解析班》系列是根据天津考研网多年考研专业课成功辅导经验及权威考研资讯积淀，由天津考研网和与天津考研网签约的天津各高校各专业优秀研究生组成的资深硕博团队强强联合，认真研磨形成详细解题过程，并针对典型题目独家加注命题思路点评，为广大研友针对考研专业课倾力打造的针对历年考研真题的精品复习课程资料。 二、资料构成 对应专业近年考研真题进行详细讲解解题过程并做分析，总结出题规律，进行必要的答题技巧点拨，同时在关键时刻做考点预测 特点： 全面解析（详解真题解题过程，全面分析真题考察知识点，由真题反向回升掌握核心内容） 总结规律（总结出题规律，洞悉出题趋势，举一反三，迅速提升） 技巧点拨（学习答题技巧，突破关键瓶颈，迅速掌握得分要领，增添必胜信心） 考点预测（100%对准目标专业科目出题动向，准确性预测，少走弯路） 三、适用对象 报考对应院系专业且对于历年考研真题解答过程不清楚或对答案没有把握的同学，适合
2015年数学考研数学分析各名校考研真题及答案
2015年考研数学分析真题集 目录 南开大学 北京大学 清华大学 浙江大学 华中科技大学
2014年浙江大学数学分析试题答案 一、,,0N ?>?ε当N n >时，ε<->>?m n a a N n N m ,, 证明：该数列一定是有界数列，有界数列必有收敛子列 }{k n a ，a a k n k =∞ →lim ， 所以， ε2<-+-≤-a a a a a a k k n n n n 二 、,,0N ?>?ε当N x >时，ε<-)()(x g x f ，,0,01>?>?δε当1'''δ<-x x 时， ε<-)''()'(x f x f 对上述,0>ε当N x x >'','时，且1'''δ<-x x ε3)''()'()''()''()'()'()''()'(<-+-+-≤-x f x f x f x g x g x f x g x g 当N x x <'','时，由闭区间上的连续函数一定一致收敛，所以,0,02>?>?δε2'''δ<-x x 时 ε<-)''()'(x g x g ，当'''x N x <<时，由闭区间上的连续函数一定一致收敛，在 ],['','22δδ+-∈N N x x 时，ε<-)''()'(x g x g ，取},min{21δδδ=即可。 三、由,0)('',0)('<>x f a f 得,0)('
英语语言学考研真题与典型题详解
I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be call ed ______ features. (北二外2006研) 2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研) 3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication. 4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually ter med______ 5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______. 6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe. 7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing. 8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (北二外2003研) 9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______ . (北二外2004研) 10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研) 11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研) 12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研) 13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society. 14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called _______. (北二外2008研) 15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual ph enomena or data of linguistics (utterances) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguistic linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研) 16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study. 17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s______. 18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”,which is the abstract knowledge necessary for s peaking，listening， writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by peop le in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextu al factors. 19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研) 20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研) II. Multiple Choice 1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院 2008研) A. Arbitrariness B. Convention C. Duality of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研) A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang
南开大学综合化学考研真题资料含答案解析
南开大学综合化学考研真题资料含答案解析南开大学综合化学考研复习都是有依据可循的,考研学子关注事项流程为：考研报录比-大纲-参考书-资料-真题-复习经验-辅导-复试-导师，缺一不可。在所有的专业课资料当中，真题的重要性无疑是第一位。分析历年真题，我们可以找到报考学校的命题规律、题型考点、分值分布、难易程度、重点章节、重要知识点等，从而使我们的复习备考更具有针对性和侧重点，提高复习备考效率。真题的主要意义在于，它可以让你更直观地接触到考研，让你亲身体验考研的过程，让你在做题过程中慢慢对考研试题形成大致的轮廓，这样一来，你对考研的"畏惧感"便会小很多。 下面是给大家找出来的由南开大学综合化学考研真题解析编辑而成的视频，是免费的。
以上真题答案解析都是来自天津考研网主编的南开大学综合化学考研红宝书资料。 如果你单独想看这份免费的讲解视频可以直接搜索：南开大学综合化学考研真题解析，这两套资料中不仅包含历年真题的答案解析，纵向讲解近五年来的真题，同时真题试题的讲解过程中要糅合进相应的知识点，通过分析真题带领考生掌握历年经济学命题规律，预测下一年南开大学综合化学的考试重点。 还包含专业动向介绍、本科授课课件讲义和期末模拟试卷、非常详细的为大家讲解每个章节的重点，政治、英语、数学的辅导材料都是赠送的。大家可以参考一下。 研究南开大学综合化学考研真题，重点是要训练自己解答分析题的能力，做完以后，考生一定要将自己的答案和参考答案进行比较，得出之间的差别，然后对参考答案的答题角度进行分析，最终总结出自己的解答方法，自己慢慢体会，如果你能把一道题举一反三，那你的复习效果就能达到事半功倍。
英语专业考研语言学试题集锦
语言学的资料很少，看完书后想找些习题或往年试题做做，可以起到练兵，巩固所看书本知识的作用。我收集了一些高校语言学的往年试题供大家参考，讨论，交流一下做题的感受，也希望大家可以把自己所考学校的往年试题发表在上面，给大家一起讨论。 1 One of the main features of our human language is arbitrariness .Can you briefly explain what is this feature refers to ? Give examples if necessary(10 points). < 北师大2003年试题） 2 In english we can describe a story as "a successful story" or "a success story ".Do you think they mean the same ? Please explain and give your reasons(10 points) ,< 同上》 3 Expain the following terms ,giving examples where necessary.(50 points) <中山2003》 design feature macrolinguistics vowel minimal pair folk etymology aspect anopho r error analysisr metaphor 4 Language can change through blending ,metanalysis ,back-formation, analogical creation and borrowing.Give two english words for each of them ( 5 points) 清华 2000年试题 5 Answer the following question briefly.clearly,grammatically and correctly.(10 Points ) 湖南师大2003年 What is it wrong to assume that the meaning of a sentence is the sum of the meaning of the words which compose it ? 7 Define the following terms.(10 points) 中国海洋大学1999 Phoneme ,consonant,morpheme,lexicon,syntax,endocentric construction,semantics,hyponymy ,language ,design feature 8 Define the following terms .(20 points) 苏州大学1997 allophone morpheme assimilation internal authority interlanguage phatic communion closed-class word government semantica triangic lingua franca
[考研类试卷]英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编28.doc
[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编28 一、填空题 1 The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as______. (中山大学2008研) 2 ______is formed when the leaner attempts to learn a new language, and it has features of both the first language and the second language but is neither. (中山大学2006研) 3 Hymes' theory leads to notion/function-based syllables, and a step further, ______syllabuses. (中山大学2005研) 4 Error is the grammatically incorrect form; ______ appears when the language is correct grammatically but improper in a communicational context. (中山大学2008研) 5 As a compromise between the "purely form-focused approaches" and the "purely meaning-focused" approaches, a recent movement called______seems to take a more balanced view on the role of grammar in language learning. (中山大学2011年研) 二、单项选择题 6 In Krashen's monitor theory, "i" in "i + 1" hypothesis of second language acquisition refers to ______. (对外经贸2006研) （A）interaction （B）interference （C）input （D）intake 7 The______is a syllabus in which the language content is arranged in terms of speech acts together with the language items needed for them. (西安外国语学院2006研) （A）structural syllabus
数学分析各校考研试题与答案
2003南开大学年数学分析 一、设),,(x y x y x f w -+=其中),,(z y x f 有二阶连续偏导数，求xy w 解：令u=x+y,v=x-y,z=x 则z v u x f f f w ++=； )1()1()1(-++-++-+=zv zu vv vu uv uu xy f f f f f f w 二、设数列}{n a 非负单增且a a n n =∞ →lim ，证明a a a a n n n n n n =+++∞ →1 21 ] [lim 解：因为an 非负单增，故有n n n n n n n n n na a a a a 1 1 21)(][≤ +++≤ 由 a a n n =∞ →lim ；据两边夹定理有极限成立。 三、设? ? ?≤>+=0 ,00),1ln()(2 x x x x x f α试确定α的取值围，使f(x)分别满足： （1） 极限)(lim 0x f x + →存在 （2） f(x)在x=0连续 （3） f(x)在x=0可导 解：（1）因为 )(lim 0x f x + →=)1ln(lim 20x x x ++ →α=)]()1(2[lim 221420n n n x x o n x x x x +-++--→+ α极限存在则2+α0≥知α2-≥ (2)因为)(lim 0 x f x - →=0=f(0)所以要使f(x)在0连续则2->α （3）0)0(='- f 所以要使f(x)在0可导则1->α 四、设f(x)在R 连续，证明积分ydy xdx y x f l ++?)(22与积分路径无关 解；令U=22 y x +则ydy xdx y x f l ++?)(22=2 1du u f l )(?又f(x)在R 上连续故存在F （u ） 使dF(u)=f(u)du=ydy xdx y x f ++)(22 所以积分与路径无关。 （此题应感小毒物提供思路） 五、 设 f(x)在[a,b]上可导， 0)2 (=+b a f 且 M x f ≤')(,证明 2) (4)(a b M dx x f b a -≤?
[考研类试卷]英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编20.doc
[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编20 一、填空题 1 As the lexical words carry the main content of a language while the grammatical ones serve to link its different parts together, the lexical words are also known as content words and grammatical ones______. (中山大学2008研) 2 In traditional grammar, ______is the only word class which can function as a substitute for another item. (中山大学2006研) 3 In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into______words and ______words. (南开大学2007研) 4 The______is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical. (北二外2008研) 5 There are two fields of morphology: the study of______and the study of______. (人大2006研) 6 A______morpheme is one that cannot constitute a word by itself. (北二外2003研) 7 ______ is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phonology and morphology. (南开大学2007研) 8 ______is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final part of another word. For example, the English word smog is made from______and______. (人大2006研) 9 Back-formation refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an______affix from a longer form already in the language. (中山大学2006研) 10 ______is a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form. It is the minimum free form. (中山大学2005研)