欧洲文化题库
欧洲文化题库
2. Parthenon in Greece is the place where people worship __B______.
a. many gods
b. one god
c. many goddesses
d. many gods and goddesses
3．In the early days of Christianity, it was a religion of ____B___.
a. the rich
b. the poor
c. the ruling class
d. all people
4. Which of the following statements about Knighthood is NOT true? A
a. a nobleman was born a knight
b. knighthood had to be earned
c. one had to be trained in order to become a knight
d. after being dubbed a knight, he had to observe the Code of Chivalry.
5. The Inquisition was __A___.
a. a church court set up to try heretics
b. an organization for church investigation
c. a court in many kingdoms
d. the decision-making body of the church
6. The Statue of Liberty was a gift from ____B____ to the American people for the 100-year
anniversary of the independence of the U.S.A.
a. U.K.
b. France
c. Germany
d. Italy
7. Counter- Reformation means that the Roman Catholic Church ____C__.
a. suppressed the Reformation movement by force
b. refused to accept any reform
c. re-established itself as a dynamic force in European affairs by introducing reforms and
improvements
d. ganged up with the Spanish monarchy to set up the Inquisition
8. Kepler’s contribution to astronomy is ___C____.
a. his discovery of the law of inertia
b. his discovery of the Ptolemaic system
c. his discovery of the three laws of planetary motion
d. none of the above
9. The symbolic event of the French Revolution in 1789 was __C____.
a. the issuance of the Declaration of Independence
b. the founding of the First Republic
c. the seizure of the Bastille
d. the publication of The Spirit of the Laws
10. The twelve tables were laws written by ___A___.
a. the Romans
b. the Greeks
c. the Americans
d. the French
11. In 313 the Edict of Milan was issued by _____B____ and granted religious freedom to all and
made Christianity legal.
a. Theodosius
b. Constantine I
c. Caesar
d. Octavian
12. The __C_____ type is the most beautiful column in Greek architecture..
a. Ionic
b. Doric
c. Corinthian
d. all of the above
13. Which one is the figure in Homer’s Odyssey? D
a. Agamemnon
b. Hector
c. Achilles
d. Penelope
14. In the 13th century, many schools____A____.
a. were organized into universities
b. gave way to universities
c. were state-run
d. were government-funded
15. The representation form of Greek Democracy is ____C_______.
a. constitutional monarch
b. representative democracy
c. citizen-assembly.
d. separation of powers
16. The Academy is the first school in the world，it was established by ____B_____.
a. Aristotle
b. Plato.
c. Socrates
d. Democritus
17. The following works were written by Plato except ___C____.
a. Dialogues
b. Apology
c. On the God
d. Republic.
18. “Man is the measure of all things.” is the doctrine of ______D____.
a. Aristotle
b. Plato.
c. Socrates
d. Protagoras
19. The Birth of Jesus was recorded in _____A____.
a. Matthew
b. Mark
c. Luke
d. John
20. The Bible contains 66 books: ____A______.
a. 39 OT, 27 NT.
b. 36 OT, 30 NT
c. 30 OT, 36 NT
d. 27 OT, 27 NT
21. The most important and influential of English Bible is the ____D____ version.
a. “Authorized”
b. “King James”
c. John Wycliff’s
d. both a and b
22. Dante wrote his masterpiece in ____A___.
a. Italian
b. Latin.
c. German
d. English
23. Renaissance started in _____D____ with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and
architecture.
a. Florence
b.Venice
c. Milan
d. both a and b
24. The reformation got it‘s victory first in _____B____.
a. France
b. Germany
c. England
d. Italy
25. Romanesque style appeared____A______.
a. earlier than Gothic style
b. later than Gothic style
c. higher and lighter
d. more mysterious
26. __D______ edited the famous Encyclopédie.
a. Montesquieu
b. Voltaire
c. Rousseau
d. Diderot
27. The following works were written with the effect of the Bible. D
a. Milton’s Paradise Lost
b. Bunyan’s Pilgrim‘s Progress
c. Byron’s Cain
d. all of the above
28. Cement was invented by the ____B_____.
a. French
b. Romans
c. Greeks
d. Germans
29. The most important contribution made by the Romans to the European culture was the
Roman _____A___.
a. laws
b. architecture
c. literature
d. sculpture
30. The famous tourist attraction Bath in England was originally set up by the people from
____A____.
a. Ancient Rome
b. Ancient Greece
c. the Great Britain
d. Egypt
31. The Fall of Man was recorded in___A____，Pentateuch，the Old Testament，The Bible.
a. Genesis
b. Exodus
c. Leviticus
d. Numbers
32. Christianity originated from__B______.
a. Turkey
b. Palestine
c. North Africa
d. the Western Europe
33. Monks then by no means____B____.
a. gave up material comfort
b. married
c. remain single
d. spent much of their time in prayer to God
34. After __A_____，the church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern
Orthodox Church.
a.1054
b. 1066
c. 1215
d. 966
35. ____B____，who translated into Latin both Old and New Testament from the Hebrew and
Greek originals. It became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.
a. John Wycliff
b. St. Jerome
c. Martin Luther
d. King James
37. By the end of the 16th century，Calvinism had spread to England. As a result，the ___B___
Movement was started in England.
a. Reformation
b. Puritan
c. Counter-Reformation
d. Progressive
38. As a knight，he were pledged to ____D____. These rules were known as code of chivalry，
from which the western idea of good manners developed.
a. to protect the weak
b. to fight for the church
c. to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth
d. all the above
39. The theory of the separation of powers was put forward by in his work The Spirit of the Laws.
B
a. Locke
b. Montesquieu
c. Voltaire
d. Jefferson
40. Guilds in the cities then were____D____.
a. religious clubs only
b. trade associations
c. only controlling everything
d. communities of the craftsmen
41. “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains” This is a remark made by____D_____.
A. Voltaire
B. Diderot
C. Montesquieu
D. Rousseau
42. “Carolingian Renaissance”, as the first of the three medieval renaissances, occurred mostly during the reign of the Carolingian ruler ___C______.
A. Justinian
B. Elisabeth I
C. Charlemagne
D.Charles Martel
43. After defeating the Trojan people, Odysseus was on his way back to get together with his wife_____D__.
A. Hellen
B. Ithaca
C. Electra
D. Penelope
44. Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian are B
A. Citizens
B. Columns
C. City-States
D. Roads
45. Machiavelli was called __B______ in the West.
A.Father of history
B. Father of political science
C. Father of humanism
D. Father of democracy
46. In Locke’s political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government was ___A______.
A. the protection of private property
B. the upholding of free thinking
C. the abolishment of the rule of the church
D. regulation of economy
47. The Praise of Folly, a literary work in which a lady named Folly criticized the fallacies and hypocrisy of human being, was written by ____D___.
A. Shakespeare
B. Cervantes
C. Chaucer
D. Erasmus
49. The Catholic Church should be characterized as ___B______.
A. A loosely organized religious institution
B. A highly centralized and disciplined international organization
C. A loosely organized European institution
D. A highly disciplined western organization
50. In which of the following books is the theory of the separation of powers proposed and illustrated? D
A.The Social Contract
B. Essay on Criticism
C. The Justinian Code
D. The Spirit of Laws
51. The long period of peace in history known as Pax Romana began from the reign of ________ to that of ___D_____.
A.Julius Caesar,... Theodosius I
B. Julius Caesar,...Marcus Aurelius
C. Augustus,...Diocletian
D. Augustus, ...Marcus Aurelius
52. The Middle Ages is also called the ____A___.
A. Age of Faith
B. Age of Reason
C. Age of Renaissance C. Age of Byzantine Empire
53. Hammurabi’s Code, the Ten Commandments, and the Twelve Tables were all significant to their societies because they established ___C____.
A.democratic governments
B. official religions
C. rules of behavior
D. economic systems
54. Which of the following laws was discovered by Newton? D
https://www.360docs.net/doc/3f5037964.html,w of inertia
B. Law of falling bodies
C. Law of relativity
D. Law of universal gravitation
55. The Latin Vulgate, translated by___C_____ in common people’s language, became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic church throughout the world.
A. John Wycliff
B. Jan Hus
C. St. Jerome
D. Mattin Luther
56. Example of ancient architecture using columns that still exists in Greece today B
A. Colosseum
B. Parthenon
C. Pont du Gard
D. Panthenon
57. The most important and influential English Bible is the ___A_____ version.
A. “King James”
B. John Wycliff’s
C. William Tyndale’s
D. Miles Converdale’s
58. In 313, ____B_____ issued the Edict of Milan and granted Romans religious freedom, thus making Christianity legal.
A. Diocletian
B. Constantine I
C. Theodosius
D. Octavius
59. These people staged battles that were fought in the Roman Colosseum for an audience of thousands. D
A. actors
B. senators
C. philosophers
D. gladiators
60. According to Exodus, Moses and his Hebrews followers took a journey from Egypt to the Promised Land which lasted ____C__.
A.Ten years
B. Forty days
C. Forty years
D. Twenty years
61. The story of Noah’s Ark was recorded in___D____，Pentateuch，the Old Testament，The Bible.
A.Exodus
B. Leviticus
C. Numbers
D. Genesis
62. According to the Old Testament, God promised Abraham and his son Jacob the land of Canaan, and suggested that Jacob change his name into Israel, which means______C____.
A. Grasping
B. Hairy
C. Wrestling with God
D. Father of many nations
63. Which ancient civilization is associated with the Twelve Tables, an extensive road system, and the poets Horace and Virgil? D
A.Babylonian
B. Phoenician
C. Greek
D. Roman
64. Who were considered as citizens by the ancient Athens? C
A. women
B. slaves
C. adult free males
D. foreigners and children
65. The Age of Enlightenment is also called the ____B______。
A. Age of Faith
B. Age of Reason
C. Age of Renaissance C. Age of Byzantine Empire
66. Where the impact of Renaissance with Italy was most strongly felt in the field of ____A______.
A. fine arts
B. architecture
C. philosophy
D. literature and drama
67. Michelangelo’s major sculptures were David, Dying Slave, and Moses, and his major paintings were frescoes in __D____.
A. government buildings
B.church ceiling
C. Medicci’s apartment
D. Sistine Chapel
70. There were altogether ___D____ chief Crusades.
A. Twelve
B. Ten
C. Nine
D. Eight
71. Which of the following statements is true regarding the Enlightenment? B
A. It led to the mixing of European and Native American cultures during the age of exploration.
B. It gave birth to political ideas that eventually impacted the United States.
C. Florence was its cultural and political center.
D. It ended when William of Orange invaded England.
72. Petrarch, Dante, and Erasmus are all remembered for their contribution to____D_____.
A. The Reformation
B. the Counter Reformation
C. the Enlightenment
D. Humanism
73. After the Trojan War, Odyssey spent _____D____ years in returning his homeland.
A. Six
B. Eight
C. Nine
D. Ten
74. Pont du Guard is an exceptionally well-preserved aqueduct that spans a wide valley in southern _____C___.
A. Italy
B. Spain
C. France
D. Germany
75. _____A_________ was the main cause for Martin Luther’s 95 theses against the Roman Catholic Church in 1517.
A. The selling of indulgences
B. The establishment of Inquisition
C. The support of aristocratic Lords
D. The rise of capitalism
76. Renaissance as a period in western civilization, happened between _______ and mid ____C____ century. .
A. 13th/15th
B. 5th/15th
C. 14th/17th
D. 15th/18th
77. Which of the following invention most impacted Europe by allowing new ideas to spread more quickly and educate the masses as never before? B
A.the cotton gin
B. the printing press
C. the astrolabe
D. the telescope
81. The chief Stoic was ___B____, a materialist, asserting the existence of the real world.
A.Pyrrhon B Zeno C.Protagoras D. Diogenes
82. Which of the following roles is NOT mentioned in the Iliad? D
A.Odysseus
B. Paris
C. Achilles
D.Oedipus
83. After ten years of war and another ten years of voyaging, Odysseus was on his way to get together with his wife___D____.
A.Hellen
B. Ithaca
C.Electra
D.Penelope
84. Which of the following statements in Not true about the dramatic plays in Ancient Greece? C
A.They were supposed to be performed in religious festivals.
B.Performances were given in open-air theaters.
C.Generally, there were only two actors who performed by singing out the lines.
D.Actors’ facial expressions were not observed no matter how close the audience were to them.
85. As one of the three greatest philosophers active in Athens, Socrates contributed a lot to the Western philosophy with his _____B_______.
A.Idealism
B.dialectical method
C.analytical method
D.Politics
86. In Locke’s political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government was ___A______.
A. the protection of private property .
B. the upholding of free thinking
C. the abolishment of the rule of the church
D. regulation of economy
87. “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains” This is a remark made by_____D____.
A.Voltaire
B.Diderot
C.Montesquieu
D.Rousseau
88. “Carolingian Renaissance”, as the first of the three medieval renaissances, occurred mostly during the reign of the Carolingian ruler ___C_____.
A.Justinian B .Elisabeth C. Charlemagne D .Charles Martel
89. The Catholic Church should be characterized as ___D______.
A.A loosely organized religious institution
B.A highly centralized European organization
C.A highly centralized and disciplined western organization
D.A highly centralized and disciplined international organization
90. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle? A
A.Aristotle founded the school of Stoics.
B.Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.
C.In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet
D.Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects
91. The Motto Montaigne put down in the essays was____C___.
A.“To be or not to be, that’s a question!”
B.“I think, therefore I am.”
C.“What do I know?”
D.“Only to stand out of my light.”
92. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works __D______.
A.feudal hierarchy of society
B.divine power of feudal rulers
C.the pope’s supremacy over secular rulers
D.all of the above
93. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who ___B____.
A.discovered the Cape of Good Hope
B.discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope
C.explored the mouth of the Amazon
D.was the first to visit Cuba and Haiti
94. Which of the following laws was discovered by Newton? D
https://www.360docs.net/doc/3f5037964.html,w of inertia
https://www.360docs.net/doc/3f5037964.html,w of falling bodies
https://www.360docs.net/doc/3f5037964.html,w of relativity
https://www.360docs.net/doc/3f5037964.html,w of universal gravitation
95. In which of the following books is the theory of the separation of powers proposed and illustrated? B
A.The Social Contract
B.The Spirit of Laws
C.The Justinian Code
D.Essay on Criticism
96. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about knighthood in the Medieval days? D
A.No one was born a knight, and knighthood had to be earned.
B.A noble began his education as a page at the age of seven, and leaned a variety of things from the religious rituals to the obligatory duties.
C.At about fourteen, the page became a squire or assistant to a knight who became his master.
D.When grown up, the squire would become a knight automatically.
97. The Romans shared a lot of common grounds with the Greeks as follows EXCEPT : D
A.Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly, hostile to monarchy and to servility.
B.Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified, and their myths to be fused.
C.Both of their languages were members of the Indo-European language family which stretches from Bangladesh to Iceland.
D.Both peoples built up a vast empire lasting for more than a hundred years.
98. The long period of peace in history known as Pax Romana began from the reign of ________
to that of ____D____.
A.Julius Caesar,... Theodosius I
B. Julius Caesar,...Marcus Aurelius
C. Augustus,...Diocletian
D.Augustus, ...Marcus Aurelius
99. Which of the following is not of the Romans? C
A.Pantheon
B. Pont du Gard
C. The Statue of Liberty
D. The Aeneid
100. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Judaism and Christianity? D
A.They both originated in Palestine--the bub of migration and trade route, which led to exchange of ideas over wide areas.
B. Hebrews’ history was recorded later both in Judaists’ holy book and the Old Testament, the first part of the Christian Bible..
C. It was the Jewish tradition which gave birth to Christianity.
D. Both the Judaists and the Christians have accepted Jesus as Christ, or Messiah.
101.The story of Cain who killed his brother is taken from____B___.
A.Exodus
B. Genesis
C. Numbers
D. Ecclesiastes
102. According to the Old Testament, God promised Abraham and his son Jacob the land of Canaan, and suggested that Jacob change his name into Israel, which means___D_______.
A. Grasping
B. Hairy
C. Father of many nations
D. Wrestling with God
103. According to Exodus, Moses and his Hebrews followers took a journey from Egypt to the Promised Land which lasted ___C___.
A.Ten years
B. Forty days
C. Forty years
D. One and a half year
104. Which of the following is NOT true about Psalm? B
A.King David contributed most of the poems to this book.
B.It is a collection of love poems, depicting everyday life in the countryside.
C.It consists of 150 poetic pieces, the chief hymnal of the Jews.
D.It is included in the 39 books of the Old Testament.
105. Which of the following is NOT true about Jesus? D
A.He lived in Palestine during the reign of Augustus Octavius.
B.He was raised as a Judaist.
C.He was later baptized by John the Baptist and preached on his own when doing miracles.
D.He was finally betrayed by one of his disciples and crucified in Rome as a dangerous reformer . 106. In 313, _____C____ issued the Edict of Milan and granted Romans religious freedom, thus making Christianity legal.
A. Diocletian
B. Theodosius
C. Constantine the Great
D. Octavius
107. The four Gospels are historical accounts about Jesus written by ____C____.
A.St. Peter, St. Paul , St. Augustine, and St. Thomas Aquinas
B. Job, Daniel, Amos, Jeremiah
C. Matthew, Mark, Luke and John
D. Matthew, Mark, Luke and Judas
108. The most important and influential English Bible is the __A______ version.
A.“King James”
B. John Wycliff’s
C. William Tyndale’s
D. Miles Converdale’s
109. The Middle Ages is also called the __A_____.
A.Age of Faith
B. Age of Reason
C. Age of Renaissance C. Age of Byzantine Empire
110. There were altogether ____D___ chief Crusades.
A. Twelve
B. Ten
C. Nine
D. Eight
111. By the end of the 16th century, Calvinism had spread to England. As a result, the ____A______ was started in England.
A. Puritan Movement
B. Reformation
C. Renaissance
D. Counter-Reformation 112. The Latin Vulgate, translated by____A____ in common people’s language, became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic church throughout the world.
A.St. Jerome
B. Jan Hus
C. John Wycliff
D. Mattin Luther
113. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Petrarch? D
A.He wrote a lot of love poems about Laura.
B.He was awarded the title of Laureate first time after the collapse of the Roman Empire.
C.He invented the term ”the Dark Middle Ages”.
D.He was best known for Canzoniers, a book of lyrical songs written in Latin.
114. Which of the following great works is NOT relevant to Raphael’s achievement? D
A.The Sistine Madonna
B. Madonna of the Chair
C. School of Athens
D. Sistine Chapel
115. ____A____ was the main cause for Martin Luther’s 95 theses against the Roman Catholic Church in 1517.
A.The purchase of indulgences
B. The establishment of Inquisition
C. The support of aristocratic Lords
D. The rise of capitalism
116. The Praise of Folly, a literary work in which a lady named Folly criticized the fallacies and hypocrisy of human being, was written by ____A___.
A.Erasmus
B. Cervantes
C. Chaucer
D. Shakespeare
117. Machiavelli was called ___C_____ in the West.
A.Father of history
B. the greatest humanist
C. Father of political science
D. Father of democracy
118. Sigmund Freud, the 20th century psychoanalyst owed a lot to ____C____, the German philosopher in the 17th century.
A.Issac Newton
B. Galileo
C. Leibniz
D. Kant
119. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Descartes’s influence? D
A.The MIT linguist Noam Chomsky owed a great deal to Descartes in the theory of “innate grammar”.
B.Descartes founded the analytical geometry.
C.“I think, therefore I am.” has been so often quoted that it became part of the European language.
D.Descartes inspired the Puritan movement in Great Briton.
120. Whic h of the following writers is NOT included in the literary groups of the “Augustan Age”. D
A.Alexander Pope
B. Daniel Defoe
C. Jonathan Swift
D. John Milton
判断
1. Dante’masterpiece, The Devine Comedy, which was written in Latin, is one of the landmarks of world literature (F)
2. The Iliad and the Odyssey are about the great men and wars of Homer’s time in ancient Greece around 700 B.C. (F)
3. Pindar was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece. (F)
4. The Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud’s term “the Electra Complex” was derived from Euripides’s play Electra. (F)
5. In the early age of Roman Empire, Latin was the only official language. (F)
6. Baroque art, flourished first in Italy, and spread to other countries, was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and colour. (T)
7. Diderot is best known as the editor of the Encyclopedia. (T)
8. Th e story of Robinson Crusoe establishes Daniel Defoe as a great writer with “realistic” touch and ingenuity. (T)
9. Samuel Johnson was the editor of A Dictionary of the English Language, the first great English dictionary. (T)
10. The German Enlightenment is also recognized as the Storm and Stress movement. (T)
11. Plebeians were the wealthy class of people in Rome.(F)
12. We know Socrates chiefly through what Plato recorded of him in his famous The Republic. (F)
13. One of the most important contributions made by the ancient Romans to the European civilization was the Roman Architecture. ()
14. Both the Romans and Greeks have traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly, hostile to monarchy and to servility. (T)
15. Plato’s Apology was about Socrates’ defense of himself at the trial.(T)
16. Diderot is best known as the editor of the Encyclopédie. (T)
17. The Hebrew’s major contribution to world civilization was Judaism.(T)
18. In the early age of Roman Empire, Latin was the only official language. (F)
19. The Hebrew Bible includes the New Testament.(F)
20. Dante’s masterpiece, The Devine Comedy, which was written in Latin, is one of the landmarks of world literature.(F)
填空
1.Besides Pax Romana, another important contribution made by the Romans to European
culture was ___________ ____________. (Roman Law)
2.The Hebrew’s major contribution to world civilization was __________. (Judaism)
3.Their religion were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified --- Greek
Zeus with Roman Jupiter, Greek Aphrodite with Roman _________, and so on --- and their myths to be fused.
4.Ancient Greeks considered __________ to be the author of their epics: the Iliad and the
Odyssey.
5.The high point of development in Greek culture was marked by the successful repulse of the
Persian invasion early in the 5th century B.C., the establishment of ______________ and the flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens.
(democracy)
6.Before 27 B.C. Rome had been a __________. (republic)
7.Plato’s Republic was about the ideal state ruled by a _____________. (philosopher-king)
8.“Renaissance” means revival of interest in ancient __________ and ___________ culture..
(Greek, Roman)
9. Marcus Tullius Cicero was noted for _________ and fine writing style. (Oratory)
10. Plato’s __________ was about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets. (Republic)
11. The Odyssey describes many adventures______ ran into on his long voyage and how he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope. (Odysseus)
12. Euripides may be called the first writer of “_________”. (problem plays)
13. Both the Romans and Greeks had traditions rooted in the idea of the ______________, hostile to monarchy and to servility. (citizen-assembly)
14. The word “cynic” means __________ in Greek. (dog)
15. Montaigne was a French humanist known for his _____ , which records his views in life, death and his skepticism towards knowledge, in a simple and straightforward style. (Essays)
16. Deuteronomy is about the final words of _________ to his people, restating his orders and fifty years’ experiences as a leader. (Moses)
17. The most ancient extant _______ version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate..(Latin)
18. The _______ were members of the Society of Jesus. (Jesuits)
解释Explanation:
The Pax Romana
The Stoics
Renaissance
Vulgate
Enlightenment
95 theses
King James’ Version
简答
Brief answer:
1. What are the two important elements of European culture?
2. What is the New Testament about?
3. What did the Roman poet Horace mean when he wrote, “Captive Greece took captive her rude conqueror”?
4. What is the difference between the religion in ancient Rome and Christianity?
5. The Four Gospels make up the New Testament, what are they?
6. What is the meaning of Aristotle’s answer to man’s aim in life?
7. What were Martin Luther’s 95 theses about?
8. What is the relationship between Judaism and Christianity?
9. What are the two great reservoirs of Modern English?
10. What is the central focus of Renaissance philosophy?
11. What is t he Old Testament about?
12. What contribution did the Renaissance make to the world culture？
13. What is the Book of Daniel?
14. What was the Protestant Reformation?
15, What is Machiavelli called in the West?
16. What is the time period of the middle ages? Why is it called the Middle Ages?
17. What is the difference between the religion in ancient Greek and Christianity?
18. What are the three styles in Greek architecture?
19. What was Marcus Cicero noted for?
20. What is the importance of the Middle Ages in terms of development of culture?
21. Why was Jan Hus condemned to be burnt at stake?
22. What is the theory put forward by Copernicus in his work The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs?
23. What is Montesquieu’s redefinition of law?
24. Which composer realized the possibility of the clarinet and used it for solo effects?
25. What new literary theory was put forward in the preface of Lyrical Ballads?
26. Who was called the “father” of psychoanalysis?
27. Who was the American poet that settled down in London and became a leading figure of the Imagist movement?
欧洲入门文化试题及答案
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河北大学工商学院添些学校 《xxx》结课论文 题目：欧洲文化之哥特式建筑 姓名：黄文泽 性别：男 专业：xxx 班级：xxx 学号：xxx
欧洲文化之哥特式建筑 欧洲文化博大精深历史悠久，无论是其人文艺术方面的发展还是其自然科学的严谨都吸引了广大的研究者和历史文化爱好者，经过本学期老师对欧州文化的讲解，我对本来就很感兴趣的欧洲建筑有了更深的了解和认识，下面我从其起源、建筑特点以及对现代建筑的影响简述下我眼中的欧洲建筑的代表——哥特式建筑。 哥特式建筑是中世纪下半叶起源于法国13——15世纪流行于欧洲的一种建筑风格。主要见于天主教堂也影响到世俗建筑。哥特式建筑以其超高的技术和艺术成就，在建筑史上占有重要是地位。 其特点主要是尖塔高耸,尖形拱门,大窗户及绘有圣经故事的花窗玻璃.营造出轻盈修长的飞天的感觉.以及新的框架结构以增加支撑顶部的力量.使整个建筑以直线线条,宏伟的外观和教堂内空阔的空间, 再结合镶着彩色玻璃的长窗,使教堂里产生一种浓厚的宗教气氛.教堂的平面仍是基本的拉丁十字型,但是其西端门的两侧增加一对高塔。 哥特式建筑结构也十分多样，主要有尖肋拱顶，飞扶壁，花窗玻璃等，下面就各国建筑代表为例来介绍哥特式结构在建筑上的体现。 意大利的哥特式建筑于十二世纪由国外传入,主要影响于北部地区.意大利没有真正接受哥特式建筑的结构体系和造型原型,只是把它当做是一种装饰风格,所以在意大利很难找到纯粹的哥特式建筑.威尼斯的世俗建筑有很多的杰作,圣马可广场上的总督宫被认为是中世纪的世俗建筑中最美丽的作品之一,成为广场的标志.城市里一般
建有许多高塔,总体轮廓线很美. 德国最早的哥特式教堂之一的科隆主教堂于1248年兴工,由建造过亚眠主教堂的法国人设计,有法国盛行的哥特式建筑的风格. 德国的教堂很早就形成了自己的形制和风格,如德国的马尔堡的圣伊莉莎白教堂的建筑结构体现了德国教堂建筑的最早特点：屋顶平缓，陡坡屋面罩在拱顶上，高度相等的教堂中厅和侧厅，教堂内部采光是依靠端体墙上高窄普通的窗户，全然去除尖顶、高侧窗、飞扶壁等等之类的样式，可谓一大创新。 以挺拔、动感、飞扬而著称的哥特式建筑艺术，在欧洲各地流行了近四个世纪之久，虽然走向了落寞，并曾经一度被文艺复兴时期的的艺术家们评为是野蛮的象征，但哥特式建筑艺术给欧洲各国带来的巨大影响却是不容忽视的，那一座座哥特式教堂以及具有哥特式风格的绘画和雕塑便是最好的证明。 综上所述，探讨哥特式建筑建筑艺术不仅仅是对建筑，建筑艺术的研究，更有助于我们了解其背后的宗教，历史，人文背景。对于我们更好的解读中世纪那段特殊的历史进程有着极其深远的意义。 由于哥特式建筑艺术本身就是西方文明的产物，存在语言方面的差距，再加上所学知识有限使得本文得出的结论具有局限性对于所取得的成就认识也较肤浅。更深层次的探讨和论证还有待继续深入的研究，我会在今后的学习中继续关注哥特式建筑艺术。
自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》
课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日 姓名学号学院班级 Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each) ———— was the founder of scientific mathematics. A. Pythagoras B. Democritus C. Aristotle D. Diogenes 2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”by Dante? A. Plato B. Socrates C. Aristotle D. Cicero 3. ________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay. A. Thucydides B. Herodotus C. Socrates D. Aristotle 4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ . A. Moses B. Joshua C. Saul D. David 5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal? A. Domitian B. Valerian C. Constantine D. Theodosius 6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ . A. wanderers B. travelers C. traders D. merchants 7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from central Asia. A. Turkish B. Huns C. Athens D. Roman 8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and the center of trade and community activity. A. bridge B. church building C. village D. subway 9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the golden city which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors. A. Milan B. Florence C. Venice D. the papal states 10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and
文化通论+西方文化作业
端午节的简介 端午节为每年农历五月初五，又称端阳节、午日节、五月节、五日节、艾节、端五、重午、午日、夏节，本来是夏季的一个驱除瘟疫的节日。端午节是我国汉族人民的传统节日，这一天必不可少的活动逐渐演变为吃粽子，赛龙舟，挂菖蒲`蒿草、艾叶，薰苍术、白芷，喝雄黄酒。据说，吃粽子和赛龙舟，是为了纪念屈原，所以解放后曾把端午节定名为“诗人节”，以纪念屈原。至于挂菖蒲、艾叶，薰苍术、白芷，喝雄黄酒，则据说是为了避邪。“中国端午节”为国家法定节假日之一，并列入世界非物质文化遗产名录。历代有大量诗、词、歌、赋等文学作品传世。 端午节的来历： 邹平县端午，每人早起均需饮酒一杯，传说可以避邪。日照端午给儿童缠七色线，一直要戴到节后第一次下雨才解下来扔在雨水里。临清县端午，七岁以下的男孩带符（麦稓做的项链），女孩带石榴花，还要穿上母亲亲手做的黄布鞋，鞋面上用毛笔画上五种毒虫。意思是借着屈原的墨迹来杀死五种毒虫。即墨在端午节早晨用露水洗脸。 节日习俗； 吃粽子 “粽子香，香厨房。艾叶香，香满堂。桃枝插在大门上，出门一望麦儿黄。这儿端阳，那儿端阳，处处都端阳。”这是旧时流行甚广的一首描写过端午节的民谣。总体上说，各地人民过端午节的习俗大同小异，而端午节吃粽子，古往今来，中国各地都一样。 如今的粽子更是多种多样，璀璨纷呈。现今各地的粽子，一般都用箬壳包糯米，但内含的花色则根据各地特产和风俗而定，著名的有桂圆粽、肉粽、水晶粽、莲蓉粽、蜜饯粽、板栗粽、辣粽、酸菜粽、火腿粽、咸蛋粽等等 据记载，早在春秋时期，用菰叶（茭白叶）包黍米成牛角状，称“角黍”；用竹筒装米密封烤熟，称“筒粽”。东汉末年，以草木灰水浸泡黍米，因水中含碱，用菰叶包黍米成四角形，煮熟，成为广东碱水粽。 晋代，粽子被正式定为端午节食品。这时，包粽子的原料除糯米外，还添加中药益智仁，煮熟的粽子称“益智粽”。时人周处《岳阳风土记》记载：“俗以菰叶裹黍米，……煮之，合烂熟，于五月五日至夏至啖之，一名粽，一名黍。”南北朝时期，出现杂粽。米中掺杂禽兽肉、板栗、红枣、赤豆等，品种增多。粽子还用作交往的礼品。 到了唐代，粽子的用米，已“白莹如玉”，其形状出现锥形、菱形。日本文献中就记载有“大唐粽子”。宋朝时，已有“蜜饯粽”，即果品入粽。诗人苏东坡有“时于粽里见杨梅”的诗句。这时还出现用粽子堆成楼台亭阁、木车牛马作的广告，说明宋代吃粽子已很时尚。元、明时期，粽子的包裹料已从菰叶变革为箬叶，后来又出现用芦苇叶包的粽子，附加料已出现豆沙、猪肉、松子仁、枣子、胡桃等等，品种更加丰富多彩。
资本主义在欧洲的兴起测试题
第一章资本主义在欧洲的兴起测试题 一、单项选择题 1．14、15世纪，促使欧洲社会分工扩大的主要原因是A．手工业的发展 B．三大发明的传播 C．生产技术的进步 D．商品经济的发展 2．中国的火药传入欧洲后，除了在军事上发挥作用外，还直接促进了（） A．造船业的发展B．冶金业的发展 C．工业区的形成D．新航路的开辟 3．资本主义生产关系的本质特征是（） A私有制B雇佣关系C商品经济D手工工场4．下列各项，按照因果关系排列正确的一组是 ①社会分工的扩大②生产技术的发展③商品经济的发展④资本主义萌芽产生（） A.①②③④ B．②①③④ C．③④①②D．④③①②5．15世纪上半期，欧洲文化知识传播的主要工具是（）A．纸张印刷的书籍B．绢帛书写品 C．羊皮纸手写稿D．木板刻品 6．最早的资产阶级分子和无产者产生于（） A．中世纪的城市B．中世纪的农村 C．中世纪的城堡D．中世纪的庄园 7．欧洲人探索新航路的客观条件是 ①西欧生产力发展②西欧航海、造船技术发达③西欧天文、地理知识进步④奥斯曼帝国控制了东西方之间的通商要道 A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①②④ D.①②③④ 8．15世纪中期欧洲出现商业危机的直接原因是（）A．商品经济和资本主义萌芽产生发展。 B.奥斯曼帝国控制东西方通商要 C．航海技术的发展D《马可波罗行纪》在欧洲的流传9．恩格斯说：“葡萄牙人……寻找的是黄金，黄金一词是驱使西班牙人横渡大西洋到美洲去的咒语；黄金是白人刚踏上一个新发现的海岸所要的第一件东西。”这表明西班牙、葡萄牙开辟新航路的根本目的是( ) A．加强东西方贸易B．掠夺财富 C．开辟国外市场D．丰富地理知识 10．下列有关“价格革命”表述中错误的是（）A．它是资本原始积累的手段之一 B．封建主势力因其所获地租的贬值而衰落 C．它阻碍了资本主义的成长 D．它使劳动人民日益贫困化 11．16世纪掌握由印度洋通往大西洋交通咽喉的是（）A．葡萄牙B．西班牙C．荷兰D．英国 12．15世纪，欧洲人探寻新航路最根本的原因是 A.欧洲人富于冒险精神 B.欧洲人的贪欲特别旺盛 C.欧洲商品经济发展和资本主义萌芽 D.欧洲的手工业和农业进一步分离 13．被称为“人文主义之父”的是（） A．但丁B．乔托C．彼特拉克D．薄伽丘 14．世界上最宏伟的艺术作品是（） A.《蒙娜·丽莎》B．《大卫》 C.《雅典学派》D．梵蒂冈西斯廷教堂屋顶壁画15．西班牙的殖民侵略以哪里为主：
古希腊是欧洲文化的发源地
古希腊是欧洲文化的发源地。古代希腊人在科学、哲学、文学、艺术上都创造了辉煌的成就，对欧洲文化的发展产生了深远的影响。 古希腊艺术的形成、发展与其社会历史、民族特点、自然条件有着密切的关系。城邦国家的奴隶主民主政体为文化艺术的发展提供了有利的条件，城邦国家要求公民具有健壮的体格和完美的心灵，这也成为艺术创造的理想形象。贸易和航海业的发展造就了希腊人的坚强意志、机智灵活以及勇于追求理想的积极性格，也使希腊人得到接触两河、埃及等地区文化的机会。希腊神话是希腊艺术的土壤，希腊神话包含着人们对自然奥秘的理性思索，它蕴育着历史和哲学观念的萌芽。希腊神话中“神人同形同性”的特点使神祇具有人的面貌和情感，成为促使艺术与生活息息相通的有利因素。温和的希腊气候使希腊人有广阔的露天活动和运动的场所。四年一度的奥林匹克运动会上，运动员裸体竞技为艺术家提供了塑造健美人体的条件，使他们对于人体美有较早的领悟和表现。希腊艺术家正是在这种环境下创造出古代世界最杰出的艺术，给人类宝库留下了最珍贵的遗产。 古代希腊文化是现代欧美文化的重要渊源，它不仅反映在建筑、雕塑等有形迹可循的那些领域，尤其深刻地反映在宗教、哲学、诗歌、戏剧等意识形态领域。爱琴文明是希腊文明的发祥期，其总体特征（或曰类型）近似于同时期的古西亚、埃及的宫殿文化。希腊语文化勃兴于古风时代。随着城邦的繁荣、大殖民运动的拓展，进入公元前7—前6世纪，各种文化门类、职业逐渐形成，到公元前5—前4世纪古典时代达到鼎盛。 古希腊美术的地理范围以爱琴海为中心，因此也被视为爱琴美术的延续。雪莱曾在诗中吟道：“我们都是希腊人。”希腊是欧洲文明的发源地和摇篮，没有希腊，无法想像欧洲文明会是什么样子，今日西方世界无处不遗存着希腊文明的传统。可是除了居住在希腊半岛上的公民自认为希腊人外，很少有人像雪莱那样以哲理的想像认为自己是希腊人。那么究竟谁是希腊人呢?历史表明，克里特的征服者、特洛伊城的毁灭者——迈锡尼人，是希腊最早的居民之一。后来沦为北方蛮族的奴隶，并逐渐分流为多立克人和爱奥尼亚人，他们都有共同的信仰和语言，所以称他们为希腊人。“希腊”一词意为典雅、优美。后来创造出许多雕刻艺术杰作的希腊人正与这典雅、优美之名相称，可谓名副其实。 希腊三面临海，北面连接欧洲大陆。境内多天然良港，可以经过地中海通向世界各地，为航海和对外贸易提供了极为有利的自然环境，内陆多山，土地贫瘠，但是盛产大理石，为雕刻艺术提供了极方便的物质材料。到了公元前12世纪，爱琴海文明受到北方蛮族入侵的严重破坏。但不屈的希腊人在这块曾经有过丰厚文明的废墟上重新建立了灿烂的希腊文明，成为欧洲文明的真正始祖。进入奴隶社会的希腊半岛，建立了200多个奴隶制城邦国家，每一城邦以城市为中心连同城郊农村组成大小不等的国家，各自为政。其中最强大的是雅典和斯巴达。由于国穷民贫，为了生存和发展，各城邦国家之间不断发生战争，弱肉强食，为了保存自己，掠夺财富，城邦国家实行强国强兵政策，在城邦内部实行民主政治，自由民直接参与城邦治理，十分重视民族体格素质的锻炼，所以管理国家、锻炼身体是每个公民的神圣职责。 希腊本土气候宜人，阳光充足，温度适中，在这样的自然条件下适宜于户外裸体锻炼和比赛。由于裸体运动，改变了人们的观念，不以露体为耻，反以健美身体为荣光，这引起美学家们的关注和艺术家的表现，美学家们发现人体美，艺术家们创造美的人体。大政治家伯里克利斯说：“我们是爱美的人。”希腊民族是爱美、创造美的民族。希腊人在民主自由和激烈竞争的环境中不仅发现、孕育和创造了美，而且也创造了神，在希腊人的心目中最完美的人就是神，因此希腊人尊重人,把人提高到神的高度加以肯定，神和人是同形同性，希腊人把强健的身体看成是一切善与美的本原，而把希腊神话视为艺术的精神本源，正如马克斯所指出的：“希腊神话不仅是希腊艺术的武库，而且是它的土壤”。所以希腊艺术主要成就表现在神与人合一的雕刻和神庙建筑。希腊美术的主要特点是无所不包的和谐与规律性，还有庄严与静穆。它的主要标志是人体美，希腊人为人类贡献了高不可及的艺术典范之作。
欧洲文化入门总复习题
欧洲文化入门复习题（2、3章） 一：选择（51’） 1:Hebrew---Israelite---Jew Jew---Jewish---Judaism Judaism---Christianity 2:Pentateuch(摩西五经)：Genesis(创世纪)、Exodus(出埃及记)、Leviticus(利未记)、Numbers(民数计)、Deuteronomy(申命记) 3：The fall of man: Adam and Eve、the Garden of Eden 4: Noah’s Ark 5:Moses(a famous Hebrew leader) 、Exodus、40 years、the mountainous Sinai、Ten Commandments 6:While in Babylon in the 6th century B.C., the Hebrews, now known as Jews, formed synagogues(大会堂) to practise their religion. 7:如今有多少犹太人？15 million 8:Jesus 出生地：那瑟勒死亡地：耶路撒冷郊外髑髅地·各各地 Baptism: 30 years、John baptist 9:Diocletian destroyed、Constantine and the Edict of Milan in 133、Theodosius official 10: the new testament(新约)：the birth、teaching、death（The Crucifixion耶稣被钉十字架）、resurrection of Jesus 11：现代英语两大宝库：the English Bible and Shakespeare 12:228 years 13:the Code of Chivalry：to protect the week, to fight for church, to be loyal to his lord, to respect women of noble birth. 14:half civilized Germanic tribes: Visigoths, the Franks, the Angle and Saxons, the Vandals 15:Feudalism(封建主义) the Manor(庄园) serfs(农奴) Charles Martel in 732. 16:After 1054, the Roman Catholic church and Eastern Orthodox church 17:three groups in feudalism: clergy(牧师最高) lords peasants(农民最低) 18：the crusades(十字军) 8 times 200 years By 1291, the moslems had taken over the last Christain stronghold. 19:Emperor of the Romans(神圣罗马皇帝): Charlemagne(查理曼大帝) 20:Alfred the Great(Anglo-Saxdon) contributed to medieval European culture 21:real scientific progress began in the 12th and 13th centuries. Roger bacon(a monk) is an advocate of scientific research.Opus maius, and encyclopedia（自然哲学总则） 22:National Epics: Beowulf(Anglo-saxon/英国) Song of Roland(French/法国) 荷马史诗代表作Iliad(伊利亚特）和Odysse（奥德赛） Geoffrey Chaucer(杰弗里乔叟) and the Canterbury tales(坎特伯雷故事) 23：Romanesque(罗马建筑) Gothic(哥特式建筑)：stained glass windows are the Holy Scriptures 24:哲学三杰（苏格拉底，柏拉图，亚里士多德）顺序不能打乱 二：简答（6道） 1:Two Major Elements in European Culture
2018春季欧洲文化入门在线作业
作业 1．第1题 Which of the following reform measures resulted in the moral decline of the Romans? A.limiting the amount of land owned by individual citizens B.selling grain at a low price to citizens C.distributing public land to landless citizens D.cutting down land taxes or rent 您的答案：B 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：1.0 2．第2题 Beginning in the 4th century, army units of German were__. A.suppressed by the Romans B.eliminated by the Romans C.welcomed into the Roman Empire to defend the Romans D.driven by the Romans to settle in depopulated areas. 您的答案：C 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：1.0 3．第3题 Which of the following statements about ancient Greek sculpture is NOT true? A.The beauty of human form was the most important subject. B.The archaic Greek artists created two sculptural human forms, the kouros and kore. C.The classical Greek sculptors represented human body less naturally or relaxed. D.The Hellenistic Greek sculptors liked to represent extreme emotions in the human face and figure. 您的答案：C 题目分数：1.0 此题得分：1.0