被动语态讲解

被动语态讲解

1. 高考必会9种被动语态

以动词clean为例：

2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式

be +过去分词，be 可以用get /become来代替，

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。

例The baby should ____________(take)good care of by the baby-sitter.

2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为He _______his mother _____by his mother

3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy_________(catch)a cigarette.

4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger_________(see walk )into the building.

5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

二、如何使用被动语态

学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。

1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by 短语)。

例My bike was stolen last night.

2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。

例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.

3. 为了更好地安排句子。

例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）

三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型

一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋不定式”。有：It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。

例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy ___________the national exam. ）

四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1.英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，washcut wear write cook shut dry drink 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时带状语修饰语时easily, badly, well , smoothly，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

例This kind of cloth ________(wash)well.

Your pen writes smoothly

The cups clean easily

注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的_____，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比较：The door won't lock．（指门本身有毛病）

The door won't be locked．（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）

2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。

例How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？

3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

五、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义

表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。

如“under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction （在施工中）。

例The building is __________________( is being constructed).

被动语态和系表结构的区别

1 被动语态中过去分词是动词，强调动作，可用by+人；系表结构中的过去分词相当形容词，强

调状态

The gate of the garden was locked by the girl.()

The gate of the garden was locked .()

2系表结构只用于一般现在时和一般过去时态，被动语态有多种时态。

The composition is well written .()

The composition is being written .()

3 系表中的过去分词可以被veru ,too ,so 等修饰，被动语态中须用much 修饰

He was very excited by the news .()

He was much excited by the news .()

4 by+不及物动词的过去分词，是系表结构。

Her money is all gone

5表充满be +过去分词+with 表系表结构

The mountain is covered with snow all the year round .

6 remain /feel /lie /stand /become / grow +过去分词表系表结构

The matter remained unsettled .

被动语态习题

1. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．

A．are not kept；will have to B．are not kept；have

C．do not keep；will have to D．do not keep；have to

2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now.

A. develop

B. have developedd

C. being developed

D. will have been developed

3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off．

--- Yes，it all depends on the weather．

A．I've been told B．I've told C．I'm told D．I told

4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.

A. has completed

B. completes

C. has been completed

D. is completed

5. Rainforests ___and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.

A. cut

B. are cut

C. are being cut

D. had been cut

6. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.

A. has been designed

B. had been designed

C. was designed

D. would be designed

7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.

A. breaks

B. has broken

C. were broken

D. had been broken

8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.

A. have been taken place; have been set up

B. have taken place; have been set up

C. have taken place; have set up

D. were taken place; were set up

9. That suit __ over 60 dollars.

A. had costed

B. costed

C. is costed

D. cost

10. --- Look! Everything here is under construction.

--- What’s the pretty small house that __ for?

A. is being built

B. has been built

C. is built

D. is building

11.--- Do you like the material?

--- Yes, it ___ very soft.

A. is feeling

B. felt

C. feels

D. is felt

12. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese．

A．write B．to write C．to be written D．written

13. I have no more letters ____ ，thank you．

A．to type B．typing C．to be typed D．typed

14. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily.

A. won’t wash out

B.won’t be washed out

C. isn’t washed out

D. isn’t washing out

15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.

A. be put up

B. give in

C. be turned on

D. go out

16. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.

A. belongs

B. are belonged to

C. belongs to

D. belong to

17. --- What do you think of the book?

---Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time.

A. to read

B. to be read

C. reading

D. being read

18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.

A. catching

B. to be caught

C. being caught

D. to catch

19. This page needed ___ again.

A. being checked

B. checked

C. to check

D. to be checked

20. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know ho w to do the exercises

A. Having taught

B. Having been taught

C. taught

D. Teaching

21．It is said that a new robot ____by him in a few days.

A) designed B) has been designed C) will be designed D) will have been designed 22．We are late. I expect the film ____by the time we get to the cinema.

A) will already have started B) would already have started

C) shall have already started D) has already been started

23．She will stop showing off if no notice____ of her.

A) is taken B) takes C) will be taken D) has taken

24．Diamond ____in Brazil in 1971.

A) is found B) has been found C) was found D) had been found

25．“Have you moved into the new flat?”“Not yet. The room____.”

A) has been painted B) is painted C) paints D) is being painted

26．My pictures ____until next Friday.

A) won't develop B) aren't developed C) don't develop D) won' t be developed 27．Tim ____since he lost his job three weeks ago.

A) had been unemployed B) was unemployed

C) has been unemployed D) has unemployed

28．A great number of colleges and universities ____since 1949.

A) has been establish B) have been established C) have established D) had been established 29．I'll have to push the car to the side of the road because we ____if we leave it here.

A) would be fined B) will be fined

C) will being fined D) will have been fined

30．“____two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?”

A) They have been given B) I have been given

C) I am given D) They have given to me

31．The subject of these lectures ____by the lecture committee.

A) is announced B) have been announced

C) are announced D) has been announced

32．I found an aspirin bottle ____dropped on the floor of David's room.

A) was B) had C) had been D) is

33．The goods ____when we arrived at the airport.

A) were just unloading B) were just been unloading

C) had just unloaded D) were just being unloaded

34．If one ____by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance.

A) overcomes B) is overcome

C) has been overcome D) overcome

35．Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them ____taken in the past.

A) was not B) were not C) were not being D) had not been

36．You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now ____sour.

A) I smell B) it is smelt C) it smells D) it is smelling

37．After the race____, the celebration began.

A) had been won B) is won C) will be won D)has been won

38．He was here for a little while, but I don't know where she ____now.

A) is B) was C) had been D) has been

39．The young teacher has ____ competent.

A) been proved to be B) proved to be

C) been proved D) proved being

40．Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, ____photographically in March 1930.

A) discovered B) was discovered

C) by discovery D) when discovered

41．To get a better view of the stage, ____.

A)our seats had to be changed B) our seats were changed

C) we had to change our seats D) our seats were changed by us

42．After synthetic____, engineers had a better choice of material.

A) created B) has created

C) has been created D) had been created

43．I think much attention ____your pronunciation.

A) must be paid to B) ought to be paid to

C) must pay to D) should be paid to

44．Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts ____Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the common cold.

A) have taken B) have been taken

C) have been taking D) have been taking

45．I don't remember ____the chance to try this method.

A)having been given B) to have been given

C)having given D) to have given

46．We could ask someone to do the work privately without it____.

A) know B) be known C) being known D) to be known

47．The construction of the laboratory ____by the end of next month.

A) must be completed B) must have been completed

C) will be completing D) will have been completed

48．They would tell how the African ____on a ship to an American port.

A) was brought B) could have been brought

C) had been brought D) was to be brought

49．He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses ____to Peter.

A) is belonged to B) belonged C) belongs D) is belonging

50．Negotiation ____again with Moscow tomorrow, a great event will be discussed then.

A) is to be opened B) is on the point of opening

C) is going to open D) opens

51) The reason for all the changes being made ____to us yet.

A) has not explained B) has not been explained

C) did not explained D) were not explained

52) Experiments in the photography of moving objects ____in both the United States and Europe well before 1900.

A) were conducting B)were conducted

C) had been conducted D) had conducted

53) When he turned the corner, he found himself ____by a man in black.

A) tailed B) been tailed C) was tailed D) had been tailed

54) A candidate for the democratic presidential nomination ____at this moment.

A) is interviewing B) being interviewed

C) is being interviewed D) interviewing

55) As we approached the work site, the workers were seen ____the new house.

A) building B) build C) built D) to build

56) As we know, all the regulations in school ____.

A) must keep to B) must be kept

C) must keep D) must be kept up

57) The composition ____any more.

A) need not to be corrected B) doesn't need to be corrected

C) doesn't need be corrected D) need not correct

58) The bank is reported in the local newspaper ____in broad daylight yesterday

A) to be robbed B) to have keen robbed

C) robbed D)having been robbed

59) Hurry up, or the tickets ___out by the time we get there.

A) will have sold B) will sell

C) have sold D) will have been sold

60) He cleaned the glasses carefully for fear that it ____.

A) was damaged B) should be damaged

C) damaged D) would be damaged

被动语态习题

key 1--5 ACADC 6--10 BCBDA

11--15 CBCAD 16--20 DCCDB

1)C 2)A 3)A 4)C 5)D 6)D 7)C 8)B 9)B 10)B

11)D 12)C 13)D 14)B 15)B 16)C 17)A 18)A 19)B20)B

21)C 22)D 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)C 27)A 28)C29)C 30)A

31)B 32)C 33)A 34)C 35)A 36)B 37)B38)B 39)D 40)B