高中英语名词性从句讲义(超详细版)

名词性从句

一．定义：

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

1. His words are true. What he said is true.

2. The dog sensed something good. The dog sensed that there was something good nearby.

3. These are his words. These are what he said.

4. My Maths teacher, Mr He, is a kind person. The news that the plane had crashed made us sad.

二．引导名词性从句的连接词

连词：在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用 that, 无实义

whether, if 是否

as if \ as though 似乎，好像

连接代词：有词义，在句中担任主语，表语，定语或宾语。 what, 什么 who, 谁

whom, 谁，作宾语 whose, 谁的 which, 哪一个

whatever, whoever……也可以引导。连接副词：有词义，在句中担任状语。

when ,什么时候 where, 什么地方 why, 为什么 how ,怎么样

how many, how much, how often

三．主语从句

1. 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。

What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

That he is late for school makes the teacher very angry. 他上学迟到让老师很生气。

2.有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：

（1） It + be + 名词 + that从句

e.g. It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.

（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句

Eg. It is certain that he will win the match.

It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.

It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.

（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句

Eg. It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai)

It is suggested that the work （should） be done with great care.

（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句

Eg. It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)

It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)

注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

3.主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。

（1）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.

（2）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.

（3）Whatever you did is right.

（4）Who the watch belongs to was lost is unknown.

4. that 与 what 引导主语从句的区别

what 有词义，在句中担任主语，表语，定语或宾语。 that 无词义，不作任何成分，只起连接作用 Eg. What has made him mad is not known yet. That she is still alive is a consolation.

四．宾语从句

1.定义：名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

2.由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

We all think (that ) she is working hard and that she will surely go to a very good university. 我们都认为她学习非常努力，一定能进一个非常好的大学。

3.在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：

I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。

4. 可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句

①动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.

I think it necessary that we take plenty of water every day .我认为每天多喝水是有必要的.

We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.

②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it 这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.

Eg. I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.

He took it for granted that his girlfriend would come back again.他想当然的认为女朋友会再回来。

③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替

We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.

We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.

5.用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：

I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。

She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

6.用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：

a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；

b. 引导表语从句时；

c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；

d. 从句后有“or not”时；

e. 后接动词不定式时。

Eg. Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。

I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。

7.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：

I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）

当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如： He says he studies English every day.

The teacher told us that Tom had left for America．

8. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：

We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。

I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。

9.感叹句在宾语从句中的运用

You can’t imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were e xcited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited

五．表语从句

1.定义：在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语

从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：

The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

That is just what I want. 这正是我想要的。

2. that

注意：当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如： The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .

3. what, who, which, whom, whose 除了在句中起连接作用外，还可以在从句中充当主语，宾

语，表语，定语，并且各有各的词义。

Eg. He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。

The problem is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.问题是谁与我明天前往北京。

4. when ,where, why, how 在句中充当时间，地点，原因，方式状语。

Eg. The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。

She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个时。

5. as if \ as though, because等引导的表语从句。

because 引导表语从句通常只用于“that \ this \ it is \ was because……”结构中。 as if \ as though 引导表语从句常置于系动词 look, seem, sound, be, become 等后面，用虚拟语气。

Eg. The elephant feels as if \ though it were a wall.

I was late for school this morning. That’s because I stayed up late last night. 我今天上学迟到了，因为我昨晚熬夜太晚了。

6.表示命令，建议的名词接表语从句，用虚拟语气，（should）+ 动词原形

Eg. His suggestion is that we (should) climb all the way to the top of the hill.

六．同位语从句

1.定义：同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。

同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：

Eg. The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开，称作间隔同位语从句。Eg. The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。

3. 同位语从句一般使用陈述语气，但在表示“命令，建议，要求，想法”等意义的名词后面的that同位语从句中，要用虚拟语气（should） + 动词原形

Eg. He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.

4.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:

Eg. I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）

Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）