高级英语修辞手法探究_杨恒波

大众文艺大

82序言：高级英语是高校英语专业的重要必修课程，它承担着

训练学生综合英语技能，尤其是阅读理解、语法修辞与写作能力的任务。目前，全国高校英语专业使用的《高级英语》（张汉熙主编，外语教学与研究出版社出版）是最具有权威性的精读课教材，该教材的课文全部来源于英美原文资料，涉及面广，包括政治、经济、文化、教育等方面的内容。其中各类文体的应用是本教材最显著的一个特点，它为学习者掌握文体结构提供了丰富的知识源泉，其次是教材中修辞的大量使用充分反应了语言学习的重要性。因此，从2001年开始，我系在高年级（三、四年级）规定使用《高级英语》教材，通过这些年的教学感受，授课教师都一致认为这部教材是一部丰富学生知识面，提高学生语言应用能力的首选教材。

一、英语修辞（English Rheroric）

语言的主要功能是交际功能，其中包括书面语与口头语的应用功能。人们在行文和说话的过程中，要进行有效、得体的互动，修辞是最根本的，因为它反应作者、说话者对语言的驾驭能力。这里首先来看修辞的定义、内含和分类。

修辞是语言活动中用来表达思想、情感、态度的语言手段形式。任何语言都在不同程度上用修辞手段丰富其语言的表现力和感染力。英语语言中的修辞也不例外，英语众多的词汇、内涵，篇章段落充分证明和体现了这一现象。修辞中修是修饰的意思；辞是辩论的言词，后引申为一切言词，修辞就是修饰词语，以提高语言表达效果。

修辞可以从以下三方面来理解，第一是意境、文句方面的修辞，它包括比喻、夸张、设问、反问、借代、反语、双关、对比、引用等多种形式，第二是声音方面的修辞，有拟声、押韵、双声等；第三是形式方面的修辞，主要有对偶、反复、排比、倒装、回文等。

修辞手段常用于文学作品和写作中，在《高级英语》的课文中几乎每一课都有不同程度的修辞手段，其中结构词格与语义词格最为突出。下面就从意境、声音、形式三方面简要探讨高级英语教材中的几种常见的修辞手法。

二、意境文句方面的修辞

1、比喻

比喻就是打比方，根据事物之间的相似点，把某一事物比作另一事物，把抽象的事物变得具体，把深奥的道理变得浅显。用比喻法描写事物，可使事物形象鲜明生动，加深读者的印象；用来说明道理，能使道理通俗易懂，使人易于理解。比喻分三类，分别是明喻、暗喻和转喻。

（1）明喻

明喻是一种形象描绘手段，从构成来看，汉语明喻用“像、好像、如”等比喻词来联结本体和喻体，英语语言中也多常用like,look like、as来构成明喻。

例如：The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasrand full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up（高级英语第二册《马拉喀什》）句中作者运用了明喻的修辞手法，将坟场比喻成一块废弃的建筑工地，是可见其荒芜人烟的落魄景象。读者在理解时更能充分认识到帝国时代广大人民群众的生活状况。

再如：I see also the dull drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(高级英语第一册第五课)

作者把德国士兵比作一群给人类会带来灾难的蝗虫，因为二者有共同之处——传播毁灭。这一比喻形象地表明了作者对德国纳粹侵略军的无比仇恨和极端蔑视。

（2）暗喻（metaphor）

暗喻是一种常见的语言表达形式，是一种生动的语体，暗喻表示的是一种与字面意义完全不同的概念，这对把英语作为外语学习的人来说常构成理解上的困难。

例如：The fact that their marriages may be onthe rocks,or that their love affairs have been brkden or even or even that they go out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern(高级英语第二册《酒吧文化》)作者在句中使用了两个习语on the rocks和get up on the wrong side of the bed，作为隐喻的修辞手段，前者将婚姻比作触礁的船只，船非常危险紧急的状况，后者将左脚先下床的倒毒情形比作遇事不顺，情绪糟糕。

再如：He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada’s Washoe region.(高级英语第一册第九课)《马克?吐温——美国的一面镜子》

在句中作者把淘金热（gold and silver rush）比喻成“热病”（fever），而且在很短的时间内在人群之中迅速蔓延，不

高级英语修辞手法探究

杨恒波

（曲靖师范学院外国语学院云南曲靖 655000）

摘要：修辞是语言中最富表现力的手段之一，英语修辞如同汉语修辞一样，能增加文章的感情色彩和蕴含的主题思想。本文从英语语言中常见的修辞手段入手，探究高级英语教学中文章的分析、理解与鉴赏，其目的是提高学生使用和应用语言的能力，促进高级英语教学课的改革。

关键词：高级英语；修辞；修辞手法

商标指代一类产品、作家指代其作品、发明者指代发明、拥有者与所占有事物相代、地点与人/机构相代、地点与事件相代、地点指代当地生产或特有的事物。

当然，生活中的理想化认知模型远不止这些，不同的理想化认知模型就可能产生新的借代模式，借代的相关关系需要去发现。这种新的模式也可由吸收异文化来获得。语言是变化发展的，借代模式也是开放，通过语言与文化的交流，人们就会发现理想化认知模型中更多的潜在的相关关系。

参考文献

[1]Radden, G., K?vecses. "Towards a Theory of metonymy". Metonymy in language and Thought. K. U. Panther, Radden, G. John Benjamins, Amsterdam, 1999.

[2]李国南. 英汉修辞格对比研究[M]. 福州, 福建人民出版社, 1999.

[3]李勇忠,方新柱. 理想化认知模型与转喻的语用功能[J]. 山东外语教学, 2003, (3): 53-57.

[4]王希杰. 借代的定义和范围及本质[J]. 毕节师范高等专科学校学报, 2004, 22(2): 1-8.

作者简介

吴忠齐（1981—），男，福建柘荣人，义乌工商职业技术学院外语系教师、硕士。研究方向：语言教学、翻译理论与实践。

外语语言研究

大众文艺

善一场“传染流行病”（epidemic）。Succumbed一词十分形象生动，形容马克?吐温经受不住淘金热诱惑而屈服，succumbed to 接epidemic作宾语，比喻马克?吐温同其他人一样也卷入了沟金的热潮中。

3、转喻（metonymy）

转喻一般解释为借代，是通过相近的联想，借喻体代替本体。转喻是概念体系的基本组成部分，即用部分代替整体，用易感知的、形象的事物或事件代替不易感知的事物。

For making moneny,his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.此处可解释为his reporting brought him more money than his unsuccessful minig or prospecting might.此处作者把pen比喻为reporting,把pickax比喻为unsuccessful mining,这种转喻的使用能加深读者的鉴赏力，增强语言的艺术魅力。

2、夸张（Hyperbole）

夸张是通过对客观物事和现象作超出实际的扩大、缩小或变异的描述。夸张一般有扩大、缩小、超前三类。夸张有一个判断标准，就是夸大实际生活中不可能发生的情况，把事物往大、高、多、重、强等处说，并言过其实，这种言过其实能达到语言表达的效果。如：

Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn’s lyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom sawyer’s endless of freedom and adventure.（高级英语第一册，《马克.吐温——美国的一面镜子》）。

在句中作者使用的两个词“eternal”和“endless”都属夸张用语，表示马克.吐温所描述的哈克.费恩童年时期田园诗般的旅游和汤母·索亚夏日里自由自在的历险探奇故事都已成为永恒不朽之作。

再如：“…one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler men in a night. ”Casually he debunked revered artists and art treasures,and took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land.(高级英语第一册第九课)

句中划线部分使用了夸张的修辞手法。在这里形容马克?吐温对土耳其苏丹毫不放在眼里，把他们比作可以夜里用捕售机（trap）捕获（caught）的动物，例如老鼠。

三、声音方面的修辞

1、拟声词（onomatopoeia）

拟声词是摹拟自然界声音的词，又叫象声词。英语拟声词有着极其丰富的内容。拟声词的发展与各民族的文化紧密相连，许多民族在他们的文学作品中将拟声词作为一种修辞手段加以运

用，达到了独特的语言修辞效果。

As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marchingsouthward——along,dusty column,infantry,

screw-gun batteries,and then more infantry,four orfive thousand men in all,winding up the road with a clumping of boots and clatter ofiron wheels.在句中作者用白鹳和黑人行军做对比：前者白色，后者黑色；前者展翅高飞，后者行军南下；前者轻盈飞翔，后者满面灰尘，疲惫不堪。此外，作者运用了拟声修词法：Cluming和Clatter反映了行军队伍中的脚步声和铁轮发出的铿锵声。2、押韵英语的押韵多出现在诗歌和剧本中，它是通过重复元音或辅

音达到一定音韵效果的写作方法，头韵是文学作品中最觉的一种形式，它通过一个句中几个词开头的辅音相同形式押韵。

But later my hair began to fall out,and my belly turned to water.Ifelt sick,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me.（高级英语第一册《广鸟—充满活力的城市》）。

句中的两个词“testing”和“treating”的使用属于头韵的修辞手法，能起到一种音乐美的效果，同时表现了原子弹受害者在医院接受治疗时所感到的温暖和关心。

The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied-cosmos.(高级英语第一册第九课)

本句中“cast,character,cosmos”重复使用辅音/K/，使用了押头韵的修辞格，达到读音悦耳的效果。Cast愿意指“演员表”（the actors in a theatrical presentation），这里使用的使比喻义；Cosmos原义是“宇宙”（universe），这里也使比喻义。形容马克?吐温当船员的经历能使他接触到各色人等，犹如一个大千世界一般。

四、形式方面的修辞

1、对偶（Antithesis）

对偶是用字数相同、结构形式上相似或相同意义上对称的一对短语或句子来表达两个相对或相近意思的修辞方式。对偶在形式上有整齐匀称、节奏明快，音调上音韵优美、音乐感强，表达上凝炼集中，高度概括，抒情上情感真挚，酣畅淋漓。

To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share,we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends.United,there is little we can not do in a host of cooperative ventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.（高级英语第二册，《肯尼迪就职演说》）。

在句中，作者运用了对照（antithesis）修辞手段。第一句中的United与第二句中的Divided形成对比，后一句的Little we can do与前一句中的little we can not do也形成了对称，既增强了一种感染力，同时也表达了作者对向往团结的态度和决心。

2、排比（Parallelism）

即把结构相近，意义相关的两个以上句子平等放置，以使意义清晰连贯，结构整齐分明，韵律波折起伏。平行结构由于是各句按意义由轻到重，由低潮到高潮，所以语势强烈有力，观点鲜明生动。

We shall fight him by land,we shall fight him by sea,we shall fight him in fhe air.

The world watches,the world listens,the world wants to see what we will do.

这两个句子选自《邱吉尔反对希特勒侵苏的讲话》，第一个例子虽然简短，但措辞干练，气势雄浑，表达邱吉尔为首的英国民众强烈的反法西斯反希特勒的决心。第二个例子则通过排比给人强烈的危机感，催人奋起，激发斗志，置英国政府于背水一战的境地，发人深省。

通过以上的举例分析，可以看出修辞在高级英语教学中起着非常重要的作用。同时修辞与民俗、心理、历史文化背景、宗教等方面息息相关。学生通过修辞的理解和掌握，可以增强对文本

全方位的欣赏。五、结论以上从修辞的意境、声音、形式方面略谈了高级英语教材中所涉及到的部分内容，可以看出，修辞手段的应用、理解和掌握

是高年级学生学习的主要内容，尤其是进行写作时如何灵活地加以使用将大大提高学习者的语言水平。因此，教师在授课时，除单一的词汇、句子、段落讲解外，应把重点放在修辞格的分析理解上，只有这样，学生的语言驾驭能力才会上升到一个高度，真

正学会使用和应用语言。参考书目

1、Papafragou,Anna.1996.Figurative Language and Literature,Cambridgd press.

2、张汉熙.1995.《高级英语》[M].外语教学与研究出版。

3、沈家煊.1995(1)转指和转喻[J]，当代语言学。外语语言研究

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常用修辞手法： 1. 比喻比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻：明喻(simile)：用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如： O my love's like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。暗喻(metaphor)：用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如： He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。 The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。 2. 换喻(metonymy) 用一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。如the White House 代美国政府或总统，用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol。 His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。 3. 提喻(synecdoche) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如： He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 在收获季节农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。 4. 拟人(personification) 把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人。例如： My heart was singing. 我的心在歌唱。 This time fate was smiling to him. 这一次命运朝他微笑了。 The flowers nodded to her while she passed. 当她经过的时候花儿向她点头致意。 5. 委婉(euphemism) 用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语，以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。例如：用to fall asleep; to cease thinking; to pass away; to go to heaven; to leave us 代to die 用senior citizens代替old people 用a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil 用weight watcher代替fat people 6. 双关(pun) 用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果：表面上是一个意思，而实际上却暗含另一个意思，这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如： A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (arms可指手臂或者武器) 一发炮弹打断了他的腿，所以他缴械投降了。 “Can I try on that gown in the window?” asked a would-be customer. “Certainly not, madam!” replied the salesman. 我可以试穿一下橱窗里的那件睡袍吗？ Seven days without water make one weak (week). 七天没有水使一个人虚弱。或者：七天没有水就是一周没有水。 7. 反语(irony) 使用与真正意义相反的词，正话反说或者反话正说，从对立的角度运用词义来产生特殊的效果。 8. 头韵(alliteration) 两个或者更多的词以相同的音韵或者字母开头就构成头韵。例如： proud as a peacock

高级英语修辞总结完整版

高级英语修辞总结 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】

Rhetorical Devices 一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如： 1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。 2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。三、Allusion（暗引）

(完整word版)高级英语第一册修辞总结1--11

Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar 1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned. e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1) 2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9) 2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”. e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1) 2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7) 3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters. e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1) 2)…make a point of protesting 4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc. e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7) a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9) 5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis. e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows…(Para. 5) 2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels. (Para. 5) 6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form. e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5) Unit 9 Mark Twain—Mirror of America V. Rhetorical devices 1. Simile: Please refer to Lesson 2. e.g. 1) Indeed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. (Para. 1) 2) Tom’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence. (Para. 15)

高级英语修辞手法总结归纳

英语修辞手法明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.

III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。

高级英语2修辞总结

Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English 1. Alliteration the King’s English slips and slides (Para. 18) 2. Allusions 暗指，引喻 --musketeers of Dumas (Para. 3) --descendants of convicts (Para. 7) --Saxon churls (Para. 8) --Norman conquerors (Para. 8) 3. Exaggeration Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. (Para. 3) 4. Metaphor 1. No one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (Para. 2) 2. They got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (Para. 3) 3. Suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place (Para. 4) 4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (Para. 6) 5. The conversation was on wings. (Para. 8) 6. We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. (Para. 11) 7. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. (Para. 14) 8. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. (Para. 17) 9. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. (Para. 18) 10. “the sinister corridor of our age…” (Para. 18) 11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. (Para. 20) 12. We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. (Para. 20) 5. Simile 1. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other’s… (Para. 3) 2. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,…(Para. 14) Lesson 2 Marrakech Simile 1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (Para. 2) 2. ,…sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. (Para. 8) 3. …where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick. (Para. 18) 4. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls (Para. 18) 5. …their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood… (Para. 23) 6. ,…glittering like scraps of paper. (Para. 26) Metaphor

高级英语课文修辞总结讲课稿

高级英语课文修辞总结

高级英语第二册修辞汇总

Lesson1 1. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻) 2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻) 3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile 4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles a way. ----personification(拟人) 5. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor 6. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略) 7. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile 8. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就 9. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile Lesson2

高级英语(1)修辞格汇总

一．词语修辞格 (1) simile 明喻它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物 I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。 They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。 His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。 ①―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet as a bird . ―C an I have these old quilts?‖ ②Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. ③My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的）barley pancake. ④The oratorial（雄辩的）storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools… ⑤I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish （粗野的）masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走）on like a swarm（群）of crawling locusts（蝗虫）. （2）metaphor 暗喻暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。 All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。 Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B. Yeats ) 教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。 ①It is a vast（巨大的）, sombre（忧郁的）cavern（洞穴）of a room,… ②Mark Twain --- Mirror of America ③main artery（干线）of transportation in the young nation's heart ④The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind. ⑤Her voice was a whiplash（鞭绳）. ⑥We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air,

高级英语修辞手法总结(最常考)

英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:

高级英语修辞总结

高级英语第一册修辞 Mixed metaphor Metaphors(隐喻) Alliteration(首韵) Simile(明喻）Transferred epithet(移就）Synecdoche(题喻) Antithesis(对照）Parallelism(排比）Repetition(重复）Metonymy(借代）Personification(拟人）Euphemism（夸张） Lesson7 1. who ever know a Johnson with a quick tongue? （metaphor） 2. She was determined to .....any disaster in her effort. (Personification) 3. She put on some sunglasses.....of her nose and her chin.(Hyperbole夸张） 4. ....perhaps a dog run over by ......enough to be kind of him.（Analogy类比） 5. ....chin on chest,eyes on ground, feet in shuttle.(Hyperbole夸张） 1. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (exaggeration) 2. I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .(exaggeration) 3.“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”.Wangero said ,laughing .(ironic) 4.You did not even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .(metaphor) 5.“Mama,”Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”(simile) Lesson14 1.It excel all forms of human wickedness...ferocious aggression (Hyperbole, paradox) 2.But can you dout what our policy will be ? （rhetorical question） 3.We have rid the earth of his shadow....from his yoke.(metaphor) 4.Any man or states who fight on against ....will have our aid.(Antithesis) 5.It is not for me to ...,but this i will say ...(inversion) 6.With its clanking (onomatopoeia) , hell-clicking （assonance） 7.Churchill ,he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist ,this was not bowing down in the House of common.(metaphor) 8.If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.(exaggeration) 9.I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land ,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.(Metaphor) 10.I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British whipping to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.(assonance, periodic) 11.We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air. (Parallelism) 12. But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.(metaphor) 13. After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber .(metaphor) 第二册Rhetorical： Lesson1 1 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor,pun