2011年职称英语卫生类新增文章(阅读理解和完形填空)
Be Alert to1 Antimicrobial Resistance
（警惕抗菌药物的耐药性）
The ability of micro--organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue．Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment(multi-drug resistant bacteria)，so pose particular difficulties，as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy．They constitute a growing and global public health problem．Who suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to limit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics，reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
An article punished in The Lancet Infectious Diseases2 on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics．The article “has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3(antimicrobial resistance)。and，in particular，has raised awareness of infections caused by multi．drug resistant bacteria.
While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear, this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission, and to define the most effective measures for control．
Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers，managers of hospitals，patients，as well as national governments，the pharmaceutical industry．and international agenc ies．
WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use, including , education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics; introducing or enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription；and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures，including the use of hand-washing measures．particularly in healthcare facilities．
Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries，and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented．
Who will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies, and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance．Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO’s World Health Day 2011．
词汇：
evade逃避，避开
pose提出
alternative口咖可供选择的(途径或事物)
implement实现，实施
strain忍．种类
reinforce加强力量
prudent妨慎重的，谨慎的
monitor监控
surveillance监视，监管
rational合理的，有理性的
adherence坚持，固守
document证明，支持
relevant相关的
注释：
1．be alert to：对……警觉，注意
2．The Lancet Infectious Diseases：《柳叶刀一传染病》期刊3．antimicrobial resistance(AMR)：抗菌药物耐药性
练习：
1．Why is the use of antibiotics arousing globally increasing interest?
A The misuse of the antibiotics has caused stronger bacteria resistance and no new drugs against the bacteria are available at present．
B The micro-organisms develop much faster than the past, so the researchers are more interested.
C The antibiotics for multi—drug resistant bacteria are highly priced and there will be a big market for the drug industry．
D The antibiotics has been found more powerful for the treatment of the multi-drug resistant bacteria.
2．Which of the following is true of the article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases?
A The issue of AMR led the scientists to be alert to the new human gene．
B A new drug will be soon available for any multi-drug resistant bacteria．
C A new strain has been found to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics．
D AMR aroused the awareness of the scientists to the infections caused by the antibiotics．
3．Ⅵmo of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage to take cautious and proper action about the AMR?
A Those who use antibiotics．
B Those who sell antibiotics．
C Those who produce antibiotics．
D Those who study in universities．
4．All the following recommendations to the governments from WH0 is true EXCEPT
A education to the users of antibiotics．
B control on use of antibiotics in health facilities．
C introduction of new regulations on the sale of antibiotics．
D limit on the hospitals to store more antibiotic drugs than they can use．
5．What can you infer from the passage?
A WHO can only recommend the governments to control and prevent the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms．
B Even with the new strains against the existing antibiotics，the transmission of multi—drug resistant organisms is still under control．
C Without the support from WH0，no country can be safe in the war against the transmission of multi．drug resistant organisms．
D WHO will spare no effort in antimicrobial resistance in 2010 and will set a special day for it in 2011．
答案与题解：
1．A文中第一段指出，有些致病菌对现有的抗生素产生了一定的耐药性，而目前有效的替代药物还没有出现，这是一个棘手的问题，因此引起了全球关注。因此，答案为A。
2．C文中第二段说明，杂志中提到发现了一种几乎对所有抗生素都具有抵抗性的新的细菌，这一发现引起了世人对AMR，尤其是对耐药菌感染的关注。因此，答案为C。
3．D文中提到应对AMR特别关注的人群包括：消费者，医院管理人员，病人，政府，药品生产企业以及一些国际机构，文中没有提到大学机构。因此，答案为D。
4．D WH0提出的建议包括：对AMR进行监管，合理使用抗生素，教育公众及医务人员要正
确使用抗生素，立法限制非处方购买抗生素以及对感染采用预防和控制措施，没有提到限制医院储备抗生素。因此，答案为D。
5．B虽然目前还没有发现更有效的新抗生素，但文中提到在许多国家对耐药性微生物的控制取得了很大成功，而且目前的预防手段仍然能够有效减少耐药微生物的传播。因此，答案为B。
antimicrobial resistance
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