天津外国语学院i基础英语样题2009
天津外国语学院
2009年攻读英语语言文学专业硕士学位
研究生入学考试样题
考试科目：基础英语+汉语
（考试时间180分钟总分150分）
注：本试卷为水平考试，分别考查学生的词汇量、语法结构、阅读理解、翻译以及汉语等方面的水平和能力，为所有报考我校英语专业硕士研究生的必答题。以下是样题，并不是试题全部。
I. Vocabulary (20points )
Directions: Choose the answer that best explains the underlined word or p hrase or best fills in the blank in the sentence. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (20points for 20 questions) The following are ten sample questions.
1.You talk about it as if it were a grammar school instead of a leadi ng university.
A.very large
B.very serious
C.very prestigious
D.very fundamental
2. During the war, the shipping lanes proved vulnerable to attack.
A.susceptible
B.futile
C.feasible
D.venerable
3. Affluent nations have an obligation to help their neighbors.
A. large
B. wealthy
C. advanced
D. industrialized
4. Companies will address this situation through methods like on-site counseling and the development of special programs.
A.go to the spot
B.remember
C.record
D.deal with
5. I got out thanks to a college scholarship and because I was a litt
le more articulate than the average.
A.able to do addition effectively
B.able to express one’s thoughts ef fectively
C.able to write effectively
D.able to initiate things effectively
6. Her letter was in such a casual scrawl, and in such pale ink, that it was__________.
A. unintelligible
B. eligible
C. ambiguous
D. illegible
7. The children performed a very________ dance.
A. distracting
B. graceful
C. gracious
D. precise
8. The room was ________ of furniture.
A. absent
B. devoid
C. inadequate
D. scanty
9. What he has been saying is completely _____to what we are discussi ng.
A. detached
B. exceptional
C. impertinent
D. irrelevant
10. The funeral will be _______, and only members of the dead man’s family will attend.
A. alone
B. personal
C. peculiar
D. private
II. Grammatical Structures. (10 points)
Directions: In each of the following sentences there are four unde rlined parts marked A, B ,C and D. Identify the part that is gramm atically incorrect.
III. Cloze Test (20 points)
Directions: There are two short passages in this section. In each pa ssage, ten words or phrases are missing. Fill in each blank with an appropriate word or phrase that best suits the context to complete t he passage. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
As a doctor who travels quite a lot, I spent a lot of time on pla nes listening for that dreaded “Is there a doctor on board?” announ cement. I lave been called only once for a woman who had merely faint ed. But the __1__ made me quite ___2__ how often this kind of thing h appens. I wonder what I would do if confronted with a real midair eme rgency without access by a hospital staff and the usual emergency equ ipment. So when the New England Journal of Medicine last week publish ed a study about in-flight medical events, I read it with __3__.
The study estimated that there are an average of thirty in-flight medical emergencies on US flights every day. Most of them are not __ 4__. __5__ 13% of them are serious enough to require the pilot to cha nge course. The most common emergencies __6__ heart trouble, stroke a nd difficulty in breathing.
Let’s face it: plane rides are stressful. For starters, cabin pr essures at high altitude are set roughly what they would be if you li ved at 5000 to 8000 feet above sea level. Most people can __7__ these pressures, but passengers with heart disease __8__ experience chest pain. Another problem is deep venous thrombosis—the so-called econom ic class syndrome. ___9_ happens, do not panic. Thanks to more recent legislation, __10___ with just one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks.
IV. Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Directions : Read carefully the following passage(s) and then answer the questions. (40 points for 20 questions). The following is a sample passage with five sample questions.
Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever mor e cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burden some, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics —the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of sci ence fiction, they have begun to come close. As a result, the moder n world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose prese nce we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.
Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and mic ro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub millimeter accuracy-far g reater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with th eir hands alone. But if robots are to reach the next stage of labor saving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervisi on and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves-goal s that pose a real challenge.
“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific err o r,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we c an't yet give a robot enough ‘commonsense’ to reliably interact wi th a dynamic world.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligen ce has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial opt
imism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circu its and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the hum an brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. What they found, in atte mpting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hund red billion nerve cells are much more talented-and human perception far more complicated-than previously imagined. They have built rob ots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction o f a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human m ind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't appro ach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quit
e how we do it.
1. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in .
A. the use of machines to produce science fiction.
B. the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.
C. the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.
D. the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work
2. The word “gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means .
A. programs.
B. experts.
C. devices.
D. creatures.
3. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to desi
gn a robot that can .
A. fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.
B. interact with human beings verbally.
C. have a little common sense.
D. respond independently to a changing world.
4. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also .
A. make a few decisions for themselves.
B. deal with some errors with human intervention.
C. improve factory environments.
D. cultivate human creativity.
5. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are .
A. expected to copy human brain in internal structure.
B. able to perceive abnormalities immediately.
C. far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant in formation.
D. best used in a controlled environment.
V. Translation from English to Chinese. (20 points)
Directions: Please translate the following two passages into Chinese and write your English versions on the ANSWER SHEET. The following is a sample passage.
It is as though some giant’s hand were squeezing the trunks of th e trees, forcing the sap up and along the branches, for the blossom s eems to squirt into the air.
There have been other Mays in other years, but never has there been so much blossom. The bees are bewildered by it. A few small bush-app les which were as austere as walking sticks when I planted them only two months ago are now in full flower, and look like little girls jus t off to a carnival.
Peach, cherry, plum and apple strain into the air; all the trees in the orchard are out together, and for once, no clumsy wind has shorn or rain washed their frail, enameled, fine petals down into the lech erous hands of grass.
What flower is there as delicate as this flower that grows out of a gnarled old tree with its trunk all twisted and its bark all blister ed? It is a paradox. Beauty is always a paradox.
VI. 汉语部分（40分）
一、判断题（标出正确答案的题号，每小题1分，共10分）
1.先秦文学是综合的形态，其特点是文史哲不分。（）
2.司马迁的《史记》由十二本纪、八书、三十世家、七十列传组成。（
）
3.中国古典小说有两个系统：文言小说和白话小说。（）
4.王维、孟浩然是盛唐著名的山水田园诗派的代表诗人。（）
5.苏东坡是北宋革新派的著名诗人。（）
6.柳永是写世俗大众生活的词人。（）
7.晏殊和晏几道二兄弟是北宋著名的词人。（）
8.陶渊明是继谢灵运之后西晋著名的山水诗人，号五柳先生。（）
9.“白日依山尽，黄河入海流。欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。”这首诗名称是《古
塞下曲》。（）
10.“问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流”的作者是李煜。（）
11.“枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马”的题材是词。（）
12. 清代两部著名的历史剧是《牡丹亭》和《桃花扇》。（）
13. 中国古典小说四大名著产生的时代是明清两代。（）
14. 被誉为“一孤篇压倒全唐”的《春江花月夜》作者是张若虚。（）
二、指出下列带点的词性（每题1分，计20分）
1. 甘其
．．食，美其服，安其居，乐其俗。（）（）
2. 楚战士无不一以．当十。（）
3. 吏之所．税．，耕者也。（）（）
4. 积土成山，风雨兴焉．；积水成渊，蛟龙生焉。（）
5. 岁不我与
．．。（）（）
6. 相．托之信，慎．勿相负。（）（）
7. 李广曰：“是．必射雕者也．。”（）（）
8. 沛公安在
．．。（）（）
9. 蜀道之难难
．．于上青天。（）（）
10. 好雨知时节，当春
．．乃发生。（）（）
11. 知否，知否，应是绿肥
．．红瘦。（）（）
三、简析题（10分）
电视剧或现实生活当中，常见有的恋人、老朋友两人相逢，紧紧地抱住，说：“我想死你啦！”试对这句话分析：
1.“我想死你啦！”句中“死”充当的句子成分是
2.“我想死你啦！”与“我打死你！”的“死”在句子中的语法功能的区别是
3.“我想死你啦！”与“我想死。”的“死”在句子中的语法功能的区别是
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大学高级英语(2)修辞格汇总期末参考
simile 1.It is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and found himself beneath the open sky 2.They are like the musketeers of Dumas… 3.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and floated to the ends of the earth. metaphor 1... and it is not easy for him to step out of that lukewarm bath 2.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles and proving that he is just a “regular guy” that he realizes how crippling this habit has been 3.The glow of the conversation burst into flames. 4.The conversation was on wings. 5.The glow of the conversation burst into flames. 6.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries 7.we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. 8.We can batten down and ride it out 9.Wind and rain now whipped the house. mixed metaphor 1.and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. metonymy – change of name – the association of two unlike things[mi't?nimi] 转喻，借代He met his W aterloo. He likes to read Hemingway. 1.In short, all of these publications are written in the language that the Third International describes synecdoche – whole for part or part for whole[si'nekd?ki] 提喻 He has many mouth to feed in his family. China beat South Korea 3 to 1. The vineyard are intersected by channels, red and yellow sails glide slowly through the vines. Nowadays more and more people have a liking for cotton. 1.But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary' s 2.yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war. alliteration 1.… a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life 2.ask of us here th e same high standards of strength and sacrifice… 3.One form of colonial control shall not have passed away. 4.We shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom. 5.We pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. 6.We shall pay any price, bear any burden 7.To assure the survival and the success of liberty assonance (元韵、母韵、半谐音) and antithesis … between the much-touted Second International (1934) and the much-clouted Third International (1961) antithesis – contrary in meaning but similar in form 对比 1.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich 2.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. 3.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. 4.And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. parallelism – ideas are paired and sequenced in the same grammatical form
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