高中英语语法讲解
一、概说
代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词等九类。
二、人称代词
1.人称代词的用法。人称代词在句中可以用作主语(用主格，如I, you, he, she, we, th ey, 等)和宾语(用宾格，如me, you, him, her, us, them等)：
He loves her, but she hates him. 他爱她，但她却讨厌他。
注：(1)在口语中，当人称代词用作表语、用于than, as 之后或用于强调句中被强调时，可以用宾语：
“Who is it?” “It’s me.” “是谁呀？”“是我。”
He sings better than me. 他比我唱得好。
He is as tall as her. 他和她一样高。
It’s me who did it. 这是我干的。
但是，若than, as 后的人称代词后跟有动词，则必须用主格：
He sings better than I do. / He is as tall as she is.
(2)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格：
“I’m tired.” “Me too.” “我累了。”“我也累了。”
“Who wants this?” “Me.” “谁要这个？”“我要。”
(3)有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化：
I like you better than he. 我比他更喜欢你。为I like you better than he likes you.之略。
I like you better than him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。为I like you better than he likes h im.之略。
2.人称代词的排序：
(1)人称代词的排列顺序为：单数人称代词通常按“二三一”排列，即you, he and I；复数人称代词通常按“一二三”排列，即we, you and they：
You, he and I are of the same age. 你，他和我都是同一年龄。
We , you and they are all good citizens. 我们，你们和他们都是好公民。
但若是用于承担责任或错误等场合，则可把第一人称I 置于其他人称代词之前：
I and Tom are to blame. 我和汤姆该受批评。
比较：Tom and I hope to go there. 汤姆和我想去那儿。
但是，you and I 是固定结构，语序通常不宜颠倒。
(2)在通常情况下，人称代词在句子中出现在它所代替的名词之后，即先出现名词，再出现相应的代词。但是，在书面语中，有时也可出现代词，后出现代词所代替的名词：As soon as it had hopped off, the plane picked up speed. 飞机刚一起飞，就加了速。(比较：As soon as the plane had hopped off, it picked up speed.)
3.人称代词后跟名词同位语。有些人称代词后有时可跟同位语：
These small desks are for us students. 这些小课桌是给我们学生的。
We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子常一起去看电影。
He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。
三、物主代词
1.物主代词的用法。物主代词分形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, your, t heir)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)。形容词性物主代词在句只用作定语；名词性物主代词则不能用作定语，但可以用作主语、宾语、表语、连用of 作定语：
His son is taller than hers. 他的儿子比她的儿子高。
Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。
Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家
This is your pen. Mine is in the box. 这是你的铅笔，我的在铅笔盒里。
注：可以说a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)，但是不能说a friend of me (us, you, her, him, theirs)，但是“名词+of it”有时可用来代替“its+名词”，如its price
也可说成the price of it。
2.物主代词与own 连用。为了强调，有时可在物主代词后加上own一词：
Mind your own business. 别管闲事。
I saw it with my own eyes. 那是我亲眼看到的。
有可用of one’s own 置于名词后作定语：
I hope to have a room of my own. / I hope to have my own house. 我希望有自己
的房子。
3.使用物主代词注意点和易错点：
(1)要注意英语与汉语使用物主代词的差异。汉语说“我校”，说成英语应是my school，而不能是I school；汉语说“他妈”，说成英语应是his mother，而不能是he mother；同样地，汉语说“你先生”，说成英语应是your husband，而不能是you husband。另外，有些在英语中必用的物主代词在汉语中往往无需表达，如：
听到这个消息，他摇了摇头。
误：Hearing the news he shook head.
正：Hearing the news he shook his head.
汉语通常只说“摇头”，不说“摇某人的头”，而英语则说shake one’s hea d。
(2)有时按汉语习惯似乎应用物主代词，而英语却要用人称代词：
这个学期谁教我们的英语？
误：Who will teach our English this term?
正：Who will teach us English this term?
English 作为一个表示语言的名词，其前不能用物主代词，除非它表示的是使用英语的水平或能力，如可说My English is poor. 我的英语(水平)不行。类似地，不能说He teach es my physics，但可以说My physics is good。
(3)不要受相似结构和短语的影响而用错物主代词。如lose heart 与lose one’s heart，两者仅差一个物主代词，意思截然不同：前者意为“灰心”、“泄气”；后者意为“爱上”、“钟
情于”；又如have…on one's mind(为…担忧，把…挂在心上)与keep[bear]…in mind(记住…，把…记在心里)，两者结构相似，但一个用物主代词，一个不用物主代词。
四、反身代词
1.反身代词的基本形式。反身代词是oneself根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 等形式。
2.oneself与himself。当one指人时，其相应的反身代词通常用oneself, 在美国英语中也可用himself：
One should not praise oneself [himself]. 一个人不应该自吹自擂。
3.反身代词的句法功能：
(1)用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句末)：
The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。
You yourself said so. / You said so yourself. 你自己是这样说的。
(2)用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)：
Take good care of yourself. 照顾好自己。
She could not make herself understood. 她不能使别人听懂她的话。
(3)用作表语：
The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。
有时用于be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态：
I'm not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。
I'll be myself again in no time. 我过一会儿就会好的。
(4)用作主语。在现代英语中，反身代词一般不能独立用作主语，但是它却可以借助a nd, or, nor 等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语(且位于并列主语的后部)，以及用于某些特殊结构(如as...as等)：
My brother and myself went there yesterday. 昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿。
Jim's sister and himself get up at six every day. 吉姆的妹妹和他每天6点起床。
He was as anxious as myself. 他和我一样担心。
五、相互代词
1.相互代词的形式与用法。英语的相互代词只有each other和one another，它们在句中通常只用作宾语：
We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
They respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)。
The sea and the sky seem to melt into each other. 大海和蓝天似乎融为一体。
2.使用相互代词注意点：
(1)相互代词在句中通常只用作宾语，不可用作主语，所以以相互代词为宾语的句子不能变为被动语态。
(2)不要将相互代词误认为是副词，将其用作状语，如可说talk to each other，但不能说talk each other。
(3)相互代词可以有所有格形式：
The students borrowed each other's notes. 学生们互相借笔记。
They looked into each other's eyes for a silent moment. 他们默默地对视了一会儿。
(4)有时可分开用：
We each know what the other thinks. 我们都知道对方的想法。
Each tried to persuade the other to stay at home. 每个人都设法想说服对方留在家里。
(5)有人认为，each other用于两者，one another用于三者，但在现代英语中两者常可换用(即均可用于两者或三者)。
六、指示代词
1.指示代词的用法。指示代词(this, that, these, those)在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语：
This is yours and that is mine. 这是你的，那是我的。
I want this book, not that book. 我要这本书，不是那本书。
I like these and he likes those. 我喜欢这些，他喜欢那些。
These computers are cheap. 这些电脑便宜些。
What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。
注：指示代词用作主语和定语时，可指人或物；用作宾语和表语时，只指物。如This is my father. this 在句中作作主语，可以指人，但是在Do you know this? 中，this作宾语，此句只能理解为“你知道这个情况吗？”不能理解为“你认识这个人吗？”
2.表替代的that 与those。有时为了避免重复，可用that 和those 代替前面提到的名词：
The population of China is much larger that that of Japan. 中国人口比日本人口多得多。(that = the population)
His views are close to those of the Socialist Party. 他的观点接近社会党的观点。(thos
e = the views)
3.this 与that用法比较
(1)用来回指上文提到的事情时，可用this 或that，但是若要指下文叙述的事情，通常要用this：
She married Jim, and this [that] surprised me. 她嫁给了吉姆，这使我感到很吃惊。
I want to know this: Is he healthy? 我想知道这一点：他是否很健康。
注：回指上文的that 在译成汉语时，通常却译为“这”：
That’s where you are wrong. 这就是你不对的地方。
(2)在打电话时，通常用this 指自己，用that 指对方：
Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗?
但在美国英语中指对方时也可用this。
(3)除用作代词外，this 和that 都可用作副词，与形容词或副词连用，其义为“这么”、“那么”(=so)：
It's about this (that) high. 大约这(那)么高。
Is it this hot every day? 每天都有这么热吗?
4.this 的特殊用法。注意以下各句中this 的用法：
He will be in Paris this day next week. 下个星期的今天他将在巴黎了。
He will come here this day next month. 他将在下个月的今天来这儿。
比较：He got married ten years ago today. 他是10年前的今天结婚的。
七、疑问代词
1.疑问代词的用法。疑问代词(who, whom, whose, which, what等)在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等：
Who is your English teacher? 你们的英语老师是谁？
Whose is this umbrella? 这伞是谁的？
Whose umbrella is this? 这是谁的伞？
What question did he ask? 他问了什么问题？
Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡，你喜欢那样？
注：who 和whom 只用作主语、宾语和表语，不用作定语，what, which, whose 则既可用作主语、宾语和表语，也可用作定语。
2.两组疑问代词的用法比较
(1)who 与whom：前者为主格，用作主语，后者为宾格，用作宾格：
Who spoke at the meeting? 谁在会上发言了？
Whom are you talking about? 你们在谈论谁？
但是，当用作宾语的whom 位于句首时，通常可用who 代之：
Who(m) is the letter from? 这信是谁寄来的？
若是紧跟在介词之后用作宾语，则只能用whom。
(2)what, which 与who：
①若后接名词(即用作限定词)，只用which和what，不能用who：
Which / What train did you come on? 你是坐哪次火车来的？
What和which 的区别是：当选择的范围较小或比较明确时，多用which；当选择的范围较较大或不明确时，多用what：
Which color do you like, red, black or white? 红色、黑色和白色，你喜欢哪种？
What color is your car? 你的汽车是什么颜色的？
但是，若指人，即使选择的范围不明确，也多用which：
Which [What] writers do you like? 你喜欢哪些作家?
②若其后不接名词(即用作代词)，三者均可用，which和what的用法区别可参见上面的分析。至于who，它一般只用来指人(用作代词的which 不用于指人)，不管选择范围大还是小、明确还是不明确均可用：
Who won ––Tom or Mike? 谁赢了，是汤姆还是迈克?
Who is your favorite poet? 你最喜欢的诗人是谁?
当选择范围比较明确且用作宾语时，who也可用which或which one代之：
Who [Which /Which one] do you like better, your father or your mother? 你更喜欢谁，父亲还是母亲?
③由于what和who的选择范围可以很大或不明确，所以其后可以跟else，表示其他的人(或事物)，但却通常不跟表示特定范围的of 短语；而which 的选择范围相对比较小或明确，所以其后一般不接else，却常与表特定范围的of短语连用：
Who (What) else did you see there? 你在那儿还看到了别人的什么人(什么东西)?
Which of the three girls is the oldest? 这三个女孩中哪个年纪最大?
④另外，比较以下两句：
"Who is he?" 他是谁？(who 指姓名、关系等)
What is he? 他是干什么的？(what 指职业、地位等)
3.两类易混句型的区别。请先看以下两句：
What do you think he wants? 你认为他想要什么？
Do you know what he wants? 你知道他想要什么吗？
上面第一句为特殊疑问句，第二句为一般疑问句，它们不能倒过来说成Do you think what he wants? What do you know he wants? 其原则区别是：可以用yes 或no 回答者，用一般疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句中，即主句之后)，适合这类句型的主句动词通常有kno w, hear, ask, tell 等；不能用yes 或no 回答者，用特殊疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句首)，适合这类句型的主句动词通常有think, believe, suppose, guess 等：
Where do you suppose he has gone? 你认为他去什么地方了？
Did you ask why he had left so soon? 你问过他为什么那么快就离开了吗？
4.两个疑问代词同用的情况。请看以下实例：
Where and when were you born? 你出生在何时何地？
When and how did he go there? 他是什么时候、怎么去那儿的？
"Where is it?" "Where is what?" “它在哪儿?”“什么在哪儿?”
八、连接代词
1. 连接代词的用法。连接代词主要包括who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, wh atever, whichever, whosever 等，它们在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句：
I don't know who he is. 我不知道他是谁。
What he says sounds reasonable. 他说的话听起来很有道理。
The question is who(m) we should trust. 问题是我们该信任谁。
I'll take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。
Take whichever seat you like? 你喜欢坐哪个座位就坐哪个？
I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。
注：who, whom, whoever 等不用于名词前作定语。
2.what 的两种用法。请看以下两个句子：
I didn't know what he wanted. 我不知道他想要什么。
I gave her what she wanted. 我给了她想要的一切。
上面第一句中的what 表示“什么”，带有疑问的意味；第二句中的what 表示“所…的一切事或东西”，其意义上大致相当于that (those) which, the thing (things) that, anything that, all that, as much as等，又如：
What [=That which] you say is quite true. 你说的完全是事实。
He saves what [= all that] he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。
Call it what [= anything that]you please. 你喜欢叫它什么就叫它什么。
这样用的what 有时还可后接一个名词：
He gave me what money [= all the money that] he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。
What friends [=All the friends that] he has are out of the country. 他所有的朋友都在国外。
3.whatever, whoever, whichever用法说明。主要用于引导主语从句和宾语从句：
He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么，他就做什么。
Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. 谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。
I'll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 请想要这票，我就把它给谁。
Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪个队得分最多，哪个队就赢。
注：其中的ever 主要用于加强语气，含有“一切”、“任何”、“无论”之义。使用这类词时，注意不要按汉语习惯用错句子结构：
任何人(谁)先来都可以得到一张票。
误：Anyone comes first can get a ticket. / Who comes first can get a ticket.
正：Anyone who comes first can get a ticket./ Whoever comes first can get a ticket.
九、不定代词
1. 不定代词概说。英语的不定代词有all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, few, little, both, enough, every 等，以及由some, any, no 和every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。在这些不定代词中，多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但是代词none 以及由some, any, no 和every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而no 和every 则只用作定语。
2.指两者和三者的不定代词。有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither)，有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every)，注意不要弄混：
Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。
All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。
There are trees on any side of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树。
He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子，都不富有。
He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子，都不富有。
注：each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上，而every 只用于三者或三者以上，因此用于两者时只能用each，不能用every。如不能说There are trees on every side of the road.
3.复合不定代词的用法特点。复合不定代词包括something, somebody, someone, anyt hing, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。something, someone 等和anything, an yone等的区别与some 和any 的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句(参见any & some)。具体使用时应注意以下几点：
(1)复合不定代词受定语修饰时，定语应放在它们后面：
There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。
Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous? 你见过名人吗?
(2)指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词they, them, their：
Everyone knows this, doesn't he [don't they]? 人人都知道这一点，不是吗?
If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来，让他等着。
(3)指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语，谓语动词只能用单数，相应的人称代词也只能用it，而不用they：
Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切都准备好了，是吗?
(4)anyone, everyone 等只能指人，不能指物，且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接of 短语，可用any one, every one (分开写)：
any one of the boys (books) 孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)
every one of the students (schools) 每一个学生(一所学校)
.是any not 还是not any。按英语习惯，any 以及含有any的复合不定代词用于否定句时，它只能出现在否定词之后，而不能在否定词之前：
误：Any one doesn't know how to do it.
正：No one knows how to do it. 任何人都不知道如何做它。
误：Anybody [Anyone] cannot do it.
正：Nobody [No one] can do it. 这事谁也干不了。
误：Anything cannot prevent me from going.
正：Nothing can prevent me from going. 什么也不能阻挡我去。
5.不定代词与部分否定。不定代词all, both, every 等与not 连用时构成部分否定；若
要表示完全否定，则需换用none, neither, no one等。比较：
All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
Not all of the students like the novel. 并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
All of the students don’t like the novel. 并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
None of the students like the novel. 这些学生当中没有一个喜欢这本小说。
6.all, both, each 等用作同位语。若用作主语同位语，主语可以是名词或代词；若用作宾语等其他成分的同位语，则宾语等成分必须是人称代词，而不能是名词：We have all read it. 我们都读过他。(all 修饰的主语是代词)
The villages have all been destroyed. 村庄都被毁了。(all 修饰的主语是名词)
They told us all to wait there. 他叫我们都在那儿等。(all 修饰的宾语是代词)
但不能说：They told the men all to wait there. (all 修饰的宾语是名词不是代词)
7.so little 与such little的区别。用so little还是such little取决于little的意思：若表示数量方面的“少”，则用so little；若表示形状体积的“小”，则用such little：He has so little time for reading. 他读书的时间少得可怜。
I've never seen such little boxes. 我从未见过那样小的盒子。
8.some 与any的用法区别。一般说来，some 用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句和疑问句中。但是，在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，通常要用some 而不用any：Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吗？
Why not buy some bread? 为什么不买些面包呢？
Shall I get some chalk for you? 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗？
注：any 有时也用于肯定句中，此时表示“任何”：
Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行。
Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以。
9.many 与much的用法区别。两者都表示“许多”，但many 修饰或代替可数名词(复数)，与few(少数)相对；而much 用来修饰或代替不可数名词(单数)，与little(少量)相对。在口语中两者主要用于非肯定句中：
Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗?
We don't have much time. 我们没有许多时间。
在肯定句中，一般用a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等代之。但在正式文体中有时也用于肯定句中；另外，若用作主语或主语的定语，或其前有how, too, as, so, a good, a great 等修饰，也可用于肯定句中：
Many of us left early. 我们有许多人离开得很早。
Much work has been done. 许多工作都已经做了。
You've given me too much. 你已给我太多了。
Take as many (much) as you want. 你要多少拿多少。
I asked her a great many questions. 我问了她许多问题。
10.few, a few 与little, a little的用法区别。
(1)few和a few 后接可数名词的复数形式。few 表示数量很少或几乎没有，强调“少”，含有否定意义；a few 表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有，强调“有”，含有肯定意义：It is very difficult, and few people understand it. 它很难，没有几个人能懂。
It is very difficult, but a few people understand it. 他虽难，但是有些人懂。
(2)little 和a little 之后接不可数名词，其区别跟few 和a few 之间的区别相似：
Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧，我身上没带什么钱。
Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸好我身上带着一点钱。
11.other, the other, another与others的用法区别：这些不定代词不仅在含义上有单复数之分，而且在用法上有泛指(无the)和特指(有the)之别。其用法区别可归纳如下：
(1)指单数时，若泛指用another，若特指用the other：
Give me another (one). 另外给我一个。
Shut the other eye, please. 请把另一只眼睛也闭上。
(2)指复数时，若泛指用other(后接复数名词)，若特指用the other(后接复数名词)：
There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。
Where have the other students gone? 其他学生都到哪里去了？
(3)others永远表示复数意义(且其后不能再接名词)。其用法大致相当于“other+复数名词”，同样地the others 大致相当于“the other＋复数名词”：
Other people [Others] may not think that way. 别的人可能不这样想。
He is cleverer than the others [the other students] in her class. 他比班上其他学生聪明。
(4)another一般只能表单数，且其后接名词也只能接单数名词。但是若其后有数词或f ew 修饰时，则也可接复数名词：
We need another few chairs. 我们还需要几把椅子。
In another two weeks it'll be finished. 再过两个星期就可做完了。
(5)与some 对比使用时，用others(此时与some 同义)：
Some say yes, and others say no. 有人说对，有人说不对。
12.不定代词与语境考题。不定代词是高考的常考考点，有的不定代词考题出得比较灵活，不能死套规则，要注意结合语境来理解：
(1)“Is ____ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”
A. anybody
B. everybody
C. somebody
D. nobody
若只是从表面来看，填空句是个疑问句，可能会误选A。但其实此题最佳答案应选B，因为下文的答句说“只有Bob和Tim请假了”，这说明问句是在查人数，故用Is everybody here? (大家都到齐了吗？)
(2)I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _____.
A. everything
B. anything
C. something
D. nothing
此句若从表面看，有可能误选B，因为填空句为否定句。但实际上最佳答案为A，因为上文说“我同意他说的大部分内容”，这与下文的but I don’t agree with everything(但并不是同意他说的所有内容)完全相符。
(3)“Do you have _____ at home now, Mary?” “No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.”
A. something
B. anything
C. everything
D. nothing
答案选C，句意为“玛丽，现在家里东西都准备齐了吗？”“还没有，我们还要买些水果和茶。”
(4)“If you want a necklace, I’ll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most.
A. anything
B. something
C. nothing
D. everything
此题容易误选A，机械地认为：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑问句。但是，此题的最佳答案是B，something 在此的意思不是“某种东西”，而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”，即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于the thing)。
高中英语语法填空专题训练和答案
Before the 17th century, most of the native English speakers lived in England. After the 17th century, British people began to move to other ___66___ (country). Gradually, English was spoken there. At present ___67___ (many) people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. ___68___ (luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. English ___69___ (change) and developed when cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries. The English ___70___ (speak) in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different ___71___ the modern English we speak today. It was the new settlers that enriched the English language and ___72___ (especial) its vocabulary. The English language was settled by the 19th century ___73___ two big changes in English spelling happened. English now is also spoken as a foreign ___74___second language in South Asia. China may have the ___75___ (large) number of English learners. 66.countries 【答案】countryother修饰用复数形式，指其他的国家。故是可数名词，此处由【解析】考查名词。countries. 填67. more 【答案】than ever before可知含有和以前比较的意思，要用比较级考查比较级。根据句中的【解析】more. 表示更多的人，故填68. Luckily 【答案】“”Luckily. ，故填【解析】考查副词。此处单独使用作状语要用副词形式，指幸运的是69. has changed 【答案】over the past centuries可知与现在完成时连用，主【解析】考查时态。根据句意和时间状语has changed. 语是单数，故填70. spoken 【答案】Englishspeak是被动关系，此处是过去分词作定语，故填和动词【解析】考查过去分词。． spoken. 71. from 【答案】be different from“…”from. ，是固定短语。故填和【解析】考查固定短语。不同72. especially 【答案】especial“”especially“”。特殊的，特别的是副词是形容词；尤其，特别【解析】考查副词。“”especially. ，故填尤其，特别此处指新的定居者丰富了英语，尤其是它的词汇。表示73. when 【答案】“…”，从句时态是过去时，故填当【解析】考查连词。此处引导时间状语从句，表示时候when. 74. or 【答案】or. 【解析】考查连词。此处表示选择，指作为第一语言或第二语言被说，故填 75. largest 【答案】【解析】考查形容词最高级。因为中国人口最多所以说英语的人也最多，此处由the修饰用 I had just visited my best friend in hospital with my mum,___41___hadn't seen my friend since she'd gone into hospital six months earlier. I knew where she was coming from as she was___42___(grave)ill, but as I'd been visiting her every week I had stopped seeing the obvious; my friend___43___(lose)most of her body weight
高中英语语法系统全解【珍藏版】
高中英语语法系统全解 第一章动词时态 在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。一、一般时 一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。 A.一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s 或-es。 They want good jobs. 他们想要好的工作。 The coat matches the dress. 外衣和裙子很相配。 This work does not satisfy me. 这项工作我不满意。 Do you understand? 你懂了吗? 2．一般现在时的用法 ①一般现在时的基本用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high spirits now. 现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起在西方落下。 Sound travels faster through water than it does through air. 声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。
Time and tide wait for no man. 时间不等人。 c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态 This cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很软。 I love classical music. 我喜欢古典音乐。 The President still seems able to find time to go fishing. 看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。 d. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 The meeting begins at 7:00. 会议七点钟开始。 We leave here at 8:00 sharp. 我们八点整离开这里。 e. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作 When you come next time, bring me some magazines. 你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。 If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。 Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home. 不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。 ②一般现在时的特殊用法 a. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中 China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful 中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功 Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow 劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科 b. 用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中 Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.
【英语】 高中英语语法填空试题(有答案和解析)及解析
【英语】高中英语语法填空试题(有答案和解析)及解析 一、高中英语语法填空 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since 1949 when the People's Republic of China ________(establish), and especially since 1978, China's transformation from a traditional ________（agriculture）society to a modern industrial society has been greatly accelarated by a rapid industrial restructuring. China's industrial structure developed according to the objective of industrialization, ________ aimed at the proportion(比例)of agriculture declining ceaselessly, and the proportion of the industrial and service sector increasing continually. ________(current), the industrial goods produced in China all range from capital goods to consumption goods. China's factory outputs extend from textiles (纺织业) to railway, planes and computers. China is the largest producer of inexpensive cotton textiles in the world and exports large ________(quantity) of textiles and clothes. Food processing is very important, and much farm produce is exported. Other industrial products ________(include)television sets, bicycles, cars, trucks and washing machines are expanding in the world. China has become ________ industrialized country to some extent. The auto and the housing industry, in the process of industrialization have developed by leaps and bounds. The most important export products are machinery and electric equipment,________ the most important import products are raw materials. In recent years, China's industry________(compete) internationally, and as a result, the ________(develop)of the country's industry is increasingly influenced by international economic environments. 【答案】was established；agricultural；which；Currently；quantities；including；an；while/and；has competed has been competing；development 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，自1978年以来，中国从传统农业社会向现代工业社会的转型，在产业结构调整的快速推进下，取得了长足的进步。中国在一定程度上已经成为一个发达的工业化国家。 （1）考查时态语态。根据Since 1949可知应用一般过去时，且主语the People's Republic of China与谓语动词establish构成被动语态，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was established。 （2）考查形容词。society为名词，需要形容词修饰，故填agricultural。 （3）考查定语从句。句意：中国的产业结构是按照工业化的目标发展的，其目标是农业比重不断下降。本句为定语从句修饰先行词the objective of industrialization，且先行词在从句中做主语，指物，故用关系代词which，填which 。 （4）考查副词。句意：目前，中国生产的工业产品从资本品到消费品应有尽有。修饰整个句子应用副词，故填Currently。 （5）考查名词。large quantities of固定短语，“大量……”，故填quantities。 （6）考查非谓语动词。句意：包括电视机、自行车、汽车、卡车和洗衣机在内的其他工业产品正在世界范围内扩张。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故include只能做非谓语，表示“包括；包含”后跟包含的内容时需用现在分词，故填including。
高一英语语法填空简单(附答案)资料讲解
高一英语语法填空简单(附答案)
语法填空 A I was always told that the three “P”s, patience, positive thinking and perseverance (毅力), were a sure path ___26___ success. But this advice does not always work as planned. My high school maths exam is one example. The exam, ___27___ was originally to be held in our classroom, ___28___(change) to the library at the last minute. This, ___29___, didn’t bother me because maths had always been my strongest subject. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax ___30___. But my mood quickly changed when I saw ___31___first question. I had no idea how to do it. I tried to stay positive and persevered ___32___ I finally found the solution. With the problem ___33___ (solve), I felt proud of my achievement. ___34___ (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left ___35___ (complete) the rest! B The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world, consisting of millions of pages of data. In 1969, DARPA, 66____ ___ US defence organization, developed a way for all their computers to “talk” to each other through the telephone. They created a network of computers and only the US army could use 67___ ____ in the following 15 years. Then in 1984, the US National Science Foundation started the NSF network, also known 68____ ___the Inter-network or ”Internet”. It then became possible for universities to use the sy stem as well. The World Wide Web, 69____ ___ (invent) in 1991 by an English scientist, Tim Berners-Lee, is a computer network that makes the information from millions of websites accessible to computer users. At the moment, about 80 % of web traffic is 70____ ___English, but by 2020, Chinese could take the lead. Obviously, it was Berners-Lee 71____ ___made it possible for everyone to use the Internet, not just the universities and the army. He designed the first “web browser”, 72____ ___allowed computer users to access documents from other computers. With the web and the Internet 73____ ___ (grow), the number of Internet users rose 74____ ___ (rapid) from 600,000 to 40 million within 5 years. So far, the Internet 75____ ___ (create) thousands of millionaires all over the world, but Berners-Lee is not one of them. C Christopher Reeve was born in September, 1952. He was in his first school play ___51___ he was eight and he started to act in TV shows and films while he was still in college. He made many ____52____ (success) films and TV shows but he is most famous ____53___ his Superman films.
人教版高中英语【必修二】[语法讲解
人教版高中英语必修二 知识点梳理 重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 概念引入： He is a person who never gives up. 他是个永远不服输的人。 I found him in the woods, where has a well-known tree. (我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。) Our guide,(who was a Frenchman, ) was an excellent cook. 我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人 She was not on the train which arrived just now。 她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上 语法点拨 什么是定语从句？ 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that 关系副词：when, where, why 我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句： 1. This is our school. It is beautiful. →This is our school which is beautiful. 2. This is our school. We study in our school. →This is our school which we study in. →This is our school in which we study. →This is our school where we study. 3. Do you know the room? It is made of amber. →Do you know the room which is made of amber? 4. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news. →I have read the newspaper which carries the important news. 从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出： 先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose 实际上是先行词的所有格。 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. the machine = that 2. The boy who broke the window is called Wangkai. the boy =who 3. The boy whose parents are working outside was brought up by his grandfather. the boy’s =whose 【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】
2019年高中英语语法填空专题分类训练--谓语动词2(含详解)
2019年高中英语语法填空专题分类训练--谓语动词（含详解） 1.People say that the art exhibition is worth seeing. I wish I__________(can) go with you but I’m too busy these days. 2.These elephants__________(hunt) at such a speed that they will disappear soon. 3—Hi,let’s go skatin g. —Sorry,I’m busy right now.I(fill) in an application form for a new job. 4.So fast__________he walk that I couldn’t catch up with him. 5In the last few years,China (make) great achievements in environmental protection. 6In front of the farmhouse (lie) a peasant boy. 7.In the 1950s in the U.S.A., most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones __________(invent) yet. 8.I__________(praise) if I finish the work within one week. 9.I__________(drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. 10.I would rather you__________(tell) me the truth now. 11.In a study,a “jukebox (自动点唱机)", __________( create) , which allowed chimps to select their favorite classical pop or rock music. 12.When Daisy turned around,she found that she__________(watch) by an elephant. 13.Shakespeare's play Hamlet __________(make) into at least ten different films over the past years. 14 It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food. 15Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I (leave) my book in the cafe. 16The first time he met the girl he ________(strike) by her wisdom and fell in love with her. 17.He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he __________(follow). 18Only by communicating with each other more frequently they clear away the misunderstandings and solve the conflict.
(英语)高中英语语法填空技巧小结及练习题含解析
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