高英复习资料

Unit one（T wo words to Avoid, T wo to Remember）

一、改写

1.Nothing in life is more exciting and rewarding than the sudden flash of light that leaves you a changed

person-----not only changed, but changed for the better.

在生活中，没有什么比顿悟更令人激动，更有益处了，它可以改变一个人——不仅仅是改变，而且变得更好。

The most inspiring and gratifying fact of life is the unexpected spark of enlightenment that makes you different and a better person than before.

4. In the end, if you let it become a real roadblock, an excuse for not trying any more.

最后，如果你让它成为了习惯，它就真成了障碍，变成你不再尝试的借口。

Finally, if you form a habit of saying “if only”, the phrase can really turn to an obstruction, providing you with an excuse for giving up trying anything at all.

5. … you never got out of the past tense. Not once did you mention the future.

因为你还没有丢掉过去，你一次也没有提到未来。

… you are always thinking of the past, regretting and lamenting. Y ou did not look forward to what you can do in the future at all.

二、翻译

1. 由于缺少资金，整个计划失败了。（fall through）

The whole plan fell through for want of fund.

2. 牛顿被公认为是世界上最杰出的科学家之一。

Newton is acknowledged as one of the world’s most eminent scientists.

3. 他对生产成本的估算总是准确无误。（invariable）

He calculates the cost of production with invariable accuracy.

4. 公司发言人的不负责任讲话受到了严厉指责。（berate）

The spokesman of the corporation was berated for his irresponsible words.

5. 这名商业银行的年轻职员看出那张十英镑的假币。（spot）

The young clerk from the commercial bank spotted the counterfeit ten-pound note.

6. 这个精干的经理立刻行动了起来。（promptly）

The efficient manager acted promptly

7. 请把候补名单上她的名字换成你的名字。（substitute）

Please substitute her name for yours on the waiting list.

8. 她觉得他在当地综合医院任实习医师是一段宝贵的经历。（rewarding）

She found that her internship in the local general was a rewarding experience.

9. 不要感叹过去的不幸。振作起来向前看。（lament）

Don’t lament your past misfortunes. Keep your chin up and look to the future.

三、单词

1. insight: the capacity to gain an accurate and deep instinctive understanding of a situation.

2. checkered tablecloth: tablecloth that has a pattern consisting of alternating squares of different colours. The British spelling of checkered is chequered.

3. chew the cud: think reflectively

4. gnome: (in legends) a little old man who lives underground and guards the earth’s treasures 土地神；a small ugly person侏儒

5. melancholy: (adj.) sad, sloomy, depreesed

6. berate: scold or criticize angrily

7. a perverse streak: an obstinate quality

8. ruefully: regretfully

9. drag: (slang) a boring thing; nuisance

10. never-ending life or endless fame

选择

1.I’d like to buy the radio, but I haven’t got any money on me at the moment. Could you put it out for me a day

or two?

2.When I was told I had won first prize in the speech contest, I had to pinch myself to make sure I wasn’t

dreaming.

3.Marina failed to finish her speech at the appointed time because there were so many intervals from the

members of the organization.

4.My woolen sweater used to be bigger than this. It has shrunk in the wash.

5.The police suspected that the fire must have broken out after the workers had left the factory.

6.It is interesting to watch swans moving through a coloured kaleidoscope of quivering square, triangle and

ellipse in sunlight.

7.As the boat bound for Nanjing leaves only on alternate days, we had no choice but to stay in the hotel

overnight.

8.The unprecedentedly big floods in our village did not start to sink until four days after the torrential rain had

stopped.

9.They crawled for the next three hours along a main road where a line of traffic was wedged so tightly together

that it was almost stationary.

10.When the kitten purred noisily and dub its claws into her shoulder, Jacqueline’s singing became a startled

shriek.

11.The bus turned and rushed along the now level road and then veered.

12.My grandmother’s eyelids drooped and she dozed peacefully, with the clock ticking rhythmically and the logs

crackling cheerfully.

13.As the final examination was drawing near, Theresa spent the rest of the day with her books, trying to catch

up with some reading.

14.The explorers’ hopes of finding their missing colleagues are now beginning to fade.

15.By two o’clock the tide which had reached an all-time high was beginning to recede.

16.During the big fire in the school, Manfred organized the students into groups and asked each group to carry

buckets of water to throw onto the flames.

17.After the eruption of the volcano there was a serious outbreak of typhoid in the area.

18.In the mirror world, we feel, live creatures of a dream world, who can come into sight and get out of sight

silently.

19.When an American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient prosperous city on the promontory of

A yia Irini, the archaeologists discovered a graceful Goddess.

20.Whenever you see an old film, you can’t help being struck by the appearance of the actresses-----their hair

styles and make-up look dated, their general appearance is in fact slightly ludicrous.

Unit two (The Fine Art of Putting Things Off)

一、改写

1. Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah’s edict to Pharaoh.

摩斯不愿向法老传达耶和华的法令，便借口说自己语言有缺陷。

Moses justified his unwillingness to pass Jehovah’s order to pharaoh, saying that he was “slow of speech.”

2. Y et for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul.

尽管拖延会带来诸多不便，但拖延经常可以激发和唤醒具有创新意识的灵魂。

3. He notes that speedy action can be embarrassing or extremely costly.

他提到，仓促行事往往导致尴尬的局面，或付出沉重的代价。

5. …many of my friends go through agonies when they face a blank page.

我很多朋友面对白纸都感到非常痛苦。

…many of my friends have a hard time the moment they attempt to put pen to paper.

二、翻译

1. 富兰克林在他的《自传》里力劝读者要勤俭。（exhort）

Franklin exhorted readers to be diligent and thrifty in his Autobiography.

2. 谁能证明这签名无讹？(attest to)

Who can attest to the genuineness of the of the signature?

3. 人们给他起了“小家伙”的绰号，因为就他年龄而言，他看上去长得很小。（dub）

He is dubbed “Tiny” because he looks so small for his age.

4. 他试图为自己拒绝接受这一劝告辩解。（rationalize）

He tried to rationalize his refusal to take the advice.

5. 他的一番话引起了我们的不满。（incur）

His words incurred our displeasure.

6. 要我们在这么短时间内完成这一工作几乎是不可能的。（virtually）

It is virtually impossible for us to finish the work within such a short time.

7. 他反复思考这个手术可能会产生的后果。（ruminate）

He ruminated over the likely consequences of the operation.

8. 这个地区的报业很兴旺。（flourish）

The newspaper business in the region is flourishing.

9. 掌握英语需要孜孜不倦的努力。（assiduous）

It takes assiduous efforts to acquire a good command of English.

三、单词

1.cool one’s heels: be forced to wait; be kept waiting

2.attest to: testify to; serve as an evidence to affirm/ to be proof of

3.apocalyptic: foreboding imminent disaster or final doom

4.proconsul: an administrator in a colony usually with wide powers

5.ruminate: go over in the mind repeatedly and often slowly

6.nattering: chattering; hence, noisy

7.echelon: rank, level

8.fortify: encourage; support

9.reappraisal: re-evaluation

10.academe: the academic community; academics

11.shrink: psychoanalyst or psychiatrist

12.subliminal: existing or functioning outside the area of conscious awareness 潜意识的

13.truism: an undoubted or self-evident truth

14.mellow and marinate: to mellow is to become ripe or fully developed, and to marinate is to steep(meat, fish)

in a savory sauce to enrich its flavour; here, ripen and mature. 不断成熟和完善

Unit three (Walls and Barriers)

一、改写

3. In a primitive society, for example, men pictured the world as large, fearsome, hostile, and beyond human control.

例如，在原始社会，人们把世界想象成为一个巨大、可怕、怀有恶意、无法控制的东西。

People in a primitive society, for example, saw the world as a enormous planet full of fear, hatred and disorder. 4. The principal function of today’s wall is to separate possibly undesirable outside air from the controlled conditions of temperature and humidity which we have created inside.

今天，墙壁的主要功能就是要把外面可能不好的空气与室内我们制造的调节好的温度分割开来。Today a wall serves mainly as a physical means to protect desired atmosphere inside from being disturbed by anything unwelcome outside.

5. To repeat, it is not our advanced technology, but our changing conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world that determine how we shall build our walls.

再重申一下，我们对自己与世界的关系的看法正在改变，正是这些变化了的观念，而不是先进的技术决定了我们如何建筑墙壁。

Again, the decisive factor that can influence the design of a wall is not the advancement of science and technology but our ever-changing attitude towards our place in this world.

二、翻译

1. 没有确凿的证据表明他是有罪的。（tangible）

There is no tangible evidence to indicate that he is guilty.

2. 我断定被告是无辜的。（affirm）

I affirmed that the accused was innocent.

3. 那里的防御工事似乎难以攻破。

The defenses there seemed impregnable.

4. 毁坏随着战争而来。（accompany）

War is accompanied by destruction.

5. 他蛰居在自己的农舍里。（secluded）

He remained secluded in his farmhouse.

6. 这种迷信曾经在那个地区十分普遍。(prevalent)

The superstition used to be prevalent in that region.

7. 有些人珍视友谊胜过一切。(cherish)

Some people cherish friendship more than anything else.

8. 他们为这次旅行已经准备了足够的事物。(adequate)

They have got adequate food for the journey.

9. 他说的和他做的不相一致。

What he says is not consistent with what he does.

三、单词

1. tangible: substantially real; material

2. custom: business patronage; regular support given to a tradesman by those who buy his goods.

3. impregnable: unassailable, unattackable; sturdy

4. credit: trust in a person’s ability and intention to pay at a later time for goods, etc. supplied

5. dash: vigor in style and action

6. flair: ingenuity and vitality

7. invulnerability: freedom from harm or attack

8. composition: arrangement into proper proportion or relation and especially into artistic form

9. illusory: deceptive

10. preclude: make impossible

选择

1. It is not profitable to provide bus services in districts where the population is widely scattered.

2. Sand is to glass as clay is to bricks.

3. His test results for the whole term were not very consistent. He did well one week and badly the next.

4. The novelist is a highly imaginative person with great talent.

5. Mary is so sentimental that she cried for days when her pet died.

6. The rainbow dissolved as the sun came fully out from behind the clouds.

7. Now Norman has put himself into the patient contemplative state of mind of a chess player.

8. It’s a good thing to spend some time seeing your own country from the outside; it helps you to get a sense of symmetry.

9. Mary gave a long and stagy laugh, wiping away imaginal tears.

10. In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I’ve been turning over in my mind ever since.

11. A way from the busier roads, the prevailing atmosphere remains one of calm meditation and contentment.

12. The cathedral, one of the loveliest and richest in architectural interest in England, was erected in 1382.

画线字相同

1. The crowd swelled until the noise made could be heard for miles. (grew)

2. Thus our conviction is reinforced that only socialist revolution can really solve the problems of the people.(belief)

3. Having studied your report carefully, I am convinced that neither of your solutions is correct.(answers)

4. Aside from the resolution to have more international conferences, the greatest accomplishment of the group was that it met at all.(achievement)

5. The United States Constitution mandates two houses of Congress so that the large states will not be disproportionately represented.

6. With its power of displaying a reality that has no tangible existence, the mirror could symbolize the mystery of the universe.(material)

7. The marked land shortage in some of the developing countries has precluded the building of more sophisticated detached and semi-detached houses.(prevented)

8. The young couple spent hours finding a secluded place for their picnic.(out-of-the-way)

9. The small child was unknowingly tormenting the puppy as he played with it.(torturing)

10. At Bostyon’s Quincy Market, dilapidated building were converted into a lively complex of shops and restaurants. (run-down)

Unit four (The Lady, or the Tiger? Part Ⅰ)

一、改写

1. He was a man of exuberant fancy, and ,withal, of an authority so irresistible that, at his will, he turned his varied fancies into facts.

他富于幻想，且拥有不可抗逆的权利，因此，在他的意愿下，他把各种各样的幻想变成了现实。

He was a man rich in whimsies, and intolerant of any act bold enough as to challenge his authority. When his mind caught upon sth., absurd as it might be, he would do everything to make sure that it was dore in the way he wished.

3. He could open either door he pleased: he was subject to no guidance or influence but that of the aforementioned impartial and incorruptible chance.

他可以按照自己的意愿打开任意一道门：出来受制于上述那个公正无比，不可收买的天意之外，他不会受到任何人的指引或影响。

He enjoyed total freedom to choose what to do: he was not directed or influenced by anyone as to which door to open. The only thing that was decisive in terms of his fate was the above--- mentioned chance, granted to all the accused alike.

4. This element of uncertainty lent an interest to the occasion which it could not otherwise have attained.

这种不确定的因素给这种场合增添了趣味，以其他方式就达不到这种效果。

The fact that no one could tell for sure what might happen (to the used) made this form of trial more attractive than any other form of justice.

二、翻译

1. 这些大学一年级学生都充满青春活力。（exuberant）

The freshmen are all youthfully exuberant.

2. 他的态度平静，脸上的表情不可解读。（bland）

His attitude was bland and his expression was unreadable.

3. 我中学的女校长是一位性格温和的年轻女子。(genial)

The headmaster of my middle school was a genial young lady.

4. 这位哲学家在思索，这是不是历史的必由之路。(inevitable)

The philosopher is pondering on whether this is the inevitable course of events in history.

5. 这部电影是由海明威的一部小说改编而成的。（adapt）

The film was adapted from a novel written by Hemingway.

6. 作为法官，你应该一直保持不偏不倚的态度。(impartial)

As a judge, you should remain impartial all along.

7. 他所作有关创新的建议值得我们郑重考虑。(merit)

His suggestion for innovation merits our serious consideration.

8. 他在公司里一直处于一个很低的从属地位。(subordinate)

He remains in a very subordinate position in the company.

9. 他没有想他朋友求助，而是立即采取行动。(promptly)

He acted promptly without turning to his friends for help.

三、单词

1. exuberant: wild and excessive

2. withal: together with this; besides

3. bland and genial: composed and gracious

4. hitch: difficulty

5. assert oneself: act in such a way as to sow one’s power or authority.

6. poetic justice: an outcome in which vice is punished and virtue rewarded

7. emanate: come out from

8. travel over a distance, especially slowly

9. air: tune, melody

10. hilarious: joyous, jubilant

选择

1. The thieves scattered the papers all over the room while they were searching for the money.

2. For all her femininity, she is a manly enough woman to stand such a test in life.

3. A row of swallows perched along the fence, ready to take off at the slightest sound.

4. The purpose of writing is for communication with the readers rather than for self-communing.

5. The door creaks when you open it. Y ou must put some oil on the hinges.

6. Most of his study time is devoured by chess-playing.

7. It surprises me that no inquiry has been made by a government-appointed working party into the loss of productivity caused by this out-dated machine.

8. People are always proving in time-and-motion studies that if progressive farmers adopt these new methods, they can milk forty cows in the time it once took them to milk thirty.

9. With 51 institutions of higher learning and more than 1,000 research institute, Shanghai has a good basis for launching technology-intensive enterprises.

10. Nowadays, a kind of refined grain that is twice as expensive as regular grain is becoming popular in Shanghai.

11. Mary acquired a certain polished mode of behavior at her expensive school in Switzerland, but her character still remains very unreliable.

12. Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization.

13. With his patient guidance and intensive training, these slow students gradually acquired a fine knowledge of the subject.

14. It might appear that managers would object to being wheedled out of their enclosed space because they are used to enjoying the privacy and freedom from disturbance of a private office.

15. Ocean-going vessels have often used flags to indicate their national allegiance.

16. The six automobiles in the saleroom can all lay some claim to being bargains.

17. V isitors to the zoo are advised against teasing the tigers by climbing over the railings as they may fall victim to their hungry jaws.

18. It is hoped that the person on trial will be released through the intervention of the king’s daughter.

19. The king’s daughter, savage and blooming as she was ,didn’t show much consideration for the subjects of the kingdom.

20. From his palace, this semi-barbaric king wields an immense power.

21. We had just been to the king’s arena to see the trial of the accused subject and had returned home rather distressed by what we had seen.

22. In spite of their financial troubles, the managers were not downcast over the outlook of the new year.

Unit five (The Lady, or the tiger? PartⅡ)

一、改写

1. This semi-barbaric king had a daughter as blooming as his most florid fancies, and with a soul as fervent and imperious as his own.

她的美丽如同他最华丽的幻想一样绚丽多姿。

2. Of course, everybody knew that the deed with which the accused was charged had been done.

当然，大家都知道被告被指控的行为已经发生了。

It was, of course, known to all that he as guilty of the offense of conducting an affair with the princess.

4. …; but gold, and the power of a woman’s will, had brought the secret to the princess.

但是，金子，加上女人的意志力，使公主得知了其中的秘密。

…, but because she had the money, and above all, because her determination was so irresistible, the princess was able to get access to the secret.

5. He understood her nature, and his soul was assured that she would never rest until she had made plain to herself this thing, hidden to all other lookers-on, even to the king.

他清楚她的个性，且坚信她是回不遗余力地去弄懂其中的奥妙。这个秘密其他所有观众都不知道，甚至国王也蒙在鼓励。

He knew her so well that he was perfectly positive that she would never cease to search for the secret, which remained unknown to all other spectators, even to the king himself.

二、翻译

1. 许多年轻人喜欢这位散文家的华丽文体。(florid)

A lot of young people appreciate the essayists florid style.

2. 这教授是一位热诚的环境保护主义者。(fervent)

The professor is a fervent environmentalists.

3. 他们在是去还是留的问题上犹豫不决。(waver)

They wavered between going and staying.

4. 我不会让那些烦恼事妨碍我的工作。(interfere with)

I won’t let my troubles interfere with my work.

5. 我喜欢看孩子们游戏。(take delight in)

I (take delight in) watching children play.

6. 这产业处理掉可以获得相当大的一笔金额。(be disposed of)

The property can be disposed of for (a good sum of ) money.

7. 在促销期间，购物中心挤满了人群。(throng)

The mall was thronged with people during the sales promotion.

8. 他们终于在远处看到了灯光。(perceive)

They perceived a light in the distance in the end.

9. 你应该仔细想想这一行动可能会产生的后果。(reflect on)

Y ou should reflect on the likely consequences of this action.

三、单词

1. imperious: domineering, overbearing, arrogant

2. the apple of one’s eye: one that is dear; one’s favorite person

3. premises: a tract of land with the buildings thereon

4. throng v.: fill by crowding into

5. moiety: half

6. parapet: a low wall or railing to protect the edge of a platform, etc.

7. devious: tricky, not straightforward

8. reverie: daydream

选择

1. Although society’s attitude to morality has changed greatly since the last century, it is still wise to observe the conventions.

2. The excited screams of the small boys playing in the street distracted me from my work.

3. Since the question of her decision is not one to be considered lightly, the writer, Frank Stockton, tried to evade the answer.

4. The unpleasant memory of the despairing shriek of the princess at the trial lingered in my mind for days.

5. What would Frank Stockton’s forthcoming short story be about?

6. The lovely damsel of the court could not resist the temptation of throwing glances of admiration upon the handsome young man.

7. The young man couldn’t convince the king that he had done nothing wrong in allowing himself to love the princess.

8. The princess wished that she could cry over her lost lover, but she was too inhibited by her imperiousness.

9. The family were watching TV in the sitting room as the football match was transmitted live from Shanghai Stadium.

10. Our teacher wandered from the text to elaborate on the structure of the amphitheatre that had obviously caught our interest.

11. At the football match, the spectators were thoroughly aroused by the flexibility of the players.

12. As could be expected, the jury gave a unanimous verdict of “Not Guilty”.

13. The readers could tell from the very outset that the princess would make such a decision.

14. The young man first cast his eyes round the arena to see whether the princess was present.

15. It was not difficult to guess what the princess’s reaction to his marrying the damsel of the court would be.

16. The fact that the princess was paler and whiter than any one in the arena revealed her anxiety.

17. There was a great deal of speculation about the decision of that semi-barbaric king’s daughter.

18. As we entered the biggest department store in Tokyo, the salesgirls behind each counter beamed at us kindly.

19. The young man, not wanting to die young, would not turn down the princess’s offer to help.

20. From the cheers and the glad shouts of hurrahs from the multitude, I gathered that he was awarded the fair lady.

21. Appalled by what he had done, Bob rushed to the parapet and flung himself on to the rocks below, where the sea claimed him.

22. He seemed to have a(n) multitude of reasons not to take part in our research project.

Unit six (Dull Work)

一、改写

1. There seems to be a general assumption that brilliant people cannot stand routine; that they need a varied, exciting life in order to do their best.

人们似乎普遍认为杰出人士无法容忍惯例常规的约束，他们需要一种富有变化、精彩纷呈的生活，以便做到最好。

It is generally believed that a colorless life can freeze a creative mind, and that only a colorful life can inspire a man to creative work.

2. The outstanding characteristic of man’s creativeness is the ability to transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences.

人的创造力的突出特征是具有化微笑动力为巨大成果的能力

One of the wonders human creativity works is that man can make full use of (even insignificant feelings) to produce far-reaching results.

3. An eventful life exhausts rather than stimulates.

纷繁多事的生活往往消耗人的精力，而不是激发人的创作。

A life full of diversions stops man’s creativity instead of activating it.

4. It is usually the mediocre poets, writers, etc., who go in search of stimulating events to release their creative flow.

往往是平庸的诗人、作家之流才酷爱寻找有刺激的事以释放他们的创造源泉。

Only literary artists of an average type rely on excitements in life as a source for their creative work.

5. People who find dull job unendurable are often dull people who do not know what to do with themselves when at leisure.

那些觉得单调的工作难以忍受的人往往是些愚钝之人，他们不知道在闲暇时该做些什么。

People who are unable to see how to be patient with repetitious work are usually those who are unable to see where to find fun in life when it comes to relaxation.

二、翻译

1. 假设这是真的，我们该怎么办呢？(assumption)

What should we do on the assumption that it is true?

2. 你应该申请一份你适宜做的工作。(be suited for)

Y ou should apply for a post you’re suited for.

3. 他厌倦了城市的忙碌生活，渴望乡村的宁静。(crave for)

Feeling tired of the busy life in the city, he craves for peace and quiet in the countryside.

4. 他沉溺于莎士比亚的十四行诗（Shakespearian sonnets）。（be immersed in）

He was immersed in Shakespearian sonnet.

5. 这件事太微不足道了，不用心烦意乱。(trivial)

This master is too trivial to feel upset about.

6. 毕业典礼对我们所有的人来说一件重大的事。(momentous)

The commencement was a momentous occasion for all of us.

7. 很大的授课量把他们搞得筋疲力尽。(exhaust)

A very heavy teaching load exhausted them.

8. 他在学术研究方面表现相当平庸。(mediocre)

He gave a mediocre performance in academic studies.

9. 他从绘画中得到很大的乐趣。(derive…from)

He derives great satisfaction from painting.

三、单词

1. assumption: something taken for granted; supposition

2. crave for: long for; desire eagerly

3. humdrum: lacking variety; dull

4. immerse: involve deeply; absorb

5. transmute: change; transform

6. physiological pressures: irritation; annoyance; affliction

7. vexation: illnesses; discomforts

8. seminal: having possibilities of future development; highly original and influencing the development of future events.

9. inordinate: excessive

10. compatible with: able to exist together

11. thrive on: enjoy and do well as a result of

12. stave off: keep off; prevent in time

选择

1. What the student told me about dull work was a pack of lies.

2. The clerk in the patent office said to his boss: “Look, I am not drunk. I’m as sober as a judge.”

3. I am afraid I know nothing about Machiavelli because he was before my time.

4. Einstein, who worked out his theory of relativity, lived to a ripe old age.

5. In a fit of rage, the muleteer killed his own mule which he had just bought at the market.

6. I regret to tell you that your application for a job on the assembly line was turned down by the owner.

7. The crucial question about this assumption is that it does not hold water.

8. Fortunately, all the brilliant people who could stand routine obtained their just deserts in their lifetime.

9. Winston Churchill thought that the politician or the professional or businessman should take up golf or cultivate some relaxation.

10. The shepherd was warned never to associate with the members of the nobleman’s family.

11. Machiavelli’s portrayal of the prince was acclaimed as one of the best by literary critics.

12. Some people do not like to have their daily routine upset.

13. It is embarrassing for a teacher to be walking into the classroom just as his students are discussing him.

14. you are being thoroughly unreasonable in refusing to allow your son to be an apprentice to the stonemason.

15. When Machiavelli played cards with muleteers at the inn, he shuffled the cards before he dealt.

16. My continual snoring kept the other workmen awake at night during my ten years as a workingman.

17. Martin is considered one of the geniuses in our school but I think his paintings are quite mediocre.

18. The new office layout seeks to achieve good communication and information flow by the correct juxtaposition of departments.

Unit seven (Beauty)

一、改写（太长）

二、翻译

1. 从你的话中我猜想你准备辞职。(assume)

I assume from your remarks that you are going to quit your job.

2. 我们应该努力区分真实与虚假。(distinguish between… and …)

We should try to distinguish between truth and falsehood.

3. 他总是小心翼翼地不得罪人。(be wary of)

He is always wary of giving offence.

4. 作为一名法官，你不应该做出武断的决定。（arbitrary）

As a judge, you should not make arbitrary decisions.

5. 他是一个具有国际声望的艺术家。（prestige）

He is an artist of international prestige.

6. 他认为自己的成功有好几个因素。(attribute)

He attributed his success to several factors.

7. 这些断垣残壁是诺曼人征服英国时期留下的遗迹。（vestige）

She fragments of walls are vestiges of the Norman Conquest.

8. 他抽烟、喝酒甚多，损害了健康。(to the detriment of)

He smoked and drank a lot, to the detriment of his health.

9. 你最好缩短你那冗长的演讲词。(interminable)

Y ou’d better cut your interminable speech short.

三、单词

1. lamely: weakly, unsatisfactorily

2. paradoxical: seemingly self-contradictory; incongruous; puzzling

3. seductive: attractive; charming

4. pedagogical: teaching

5. wary: heedful; careful

6. on the defensive: prepared for disapproval or attack

7. demeaning overtones: implications of humiliation

8. vestiges: traces that have once existed but exist no more

9. to the detriment of: to the harm of

10. throes: a condition of agonizing struggle or effort; upheaval

11. narcissism: excessive admiration of oneself

12. obligation: duty; social requirement that compels one to follow a certain course of action

13. fretful: irritable; complaining

14. pass muster: be accepted as satisfactory

15. depreciation: a disparaging or a belittling act or instance

16. censure: an expression of blame or disapproval

17. preen: adorn or trim (oneself) carefully

18. interminable: endless

选择

1. As we all know, houses are assumed to be at rest with respect to the earth but the earth itself is not motionless.

2. Smoke particles and other air pollutants are often trapped in the atmosphere, thus forming smog.

3. The nucleus of an atom is composed of swiftly moving protons and neutrons that are held together by very strong forces.

4. Louisa May Alcott based the principal characters of her book Little Women on her sisters and herself.

5. We believe that women as well as men should be given jobs in accordance with their ability and intelligence.

6. All living creatures have some attributes that are passed on from one generation to the next.

7. Over the years, countless stories have been written about women who are in leading positions in politics and business.

8. Robert Smith’s reputation was established with the publication of his first poem in 1938 and was enhanced by his splendid short stories for children.

9. Far worse are the sufferings of the dependents of gambling addicts because they are usually deprived of all material comforts.

10. Germination of seeds begins with the absorption of water, the swelling of the whole seed, and the cracking of the seed coat.

11. As a result of his pioneering work with Louis Armstrong in the late 1920’s, Earl Hines has been called the father of modern jazz piano.

12. The motion picture is only a series of still photographs which are spliced and viewed in rapid succession to create the illusion of movement and continuity.

13. Squirrels often use their tails to keep their balance while they are leaping and climbing.

14. The whole area of national and local governments was subjected to a thorough financial scrutiny, and inefficiency and waste were attacked.

15. Y ou can rest assured that the talented young secretary has been able to confirm what he said in the original report.

16. David was renounced by his family because he worked hand in glove with a gang of criminals to rob the commercial bank of jewellery.

17. When the Titanic was hit by an iceberg during her maiden voyage, the captain was forced to abandon it.

18. Is a woman to be more highly esteemed for her talent or for her beauty?

Unit eight (Appetite)

一、改写

1. Besides, the whole toffeeness of toffees was imperceptibly diminished by the gross act of having eaten it.

而且，在吃完它这种不雅的举措，不知不觉奶油太妃糖的所有吸引力都消失了。

Apart from that, the entire attraction of the toffee is gone without your noticing it when you actually go so far as to eat it.

2. So, for me, one of the keenest pleasures of appetite remains in the wanting, not the satisfaction.

所以，对我来说，食欲所带来的最强烈的乐趣之一仍然在于渴望，而不是满足

As far as I am concerned, the greatest pleasure appetite can offer is the longing for what I have get to achieve rather than to feel content with what I have already achieved.

5. Life is short and precious, and appetite is one of its guardians, and loss of appetite is a sort of death.

人生短暂，弥足珍贵。食欲是人生旅途的护卫者之一。

Life is a brief journey, which is worth treasuring. Appetite is one of the things that accompanies and protects the journey.

二、翻译

1. 我们反对无休止地贪求权利的欲望。（lust）

We are opposed to an insatiable lust for power.

2. 我们的一些观念正在不知不觉地发生变化。(imperceptibly)

Some of our notions are changing imperceptibly.

3. 不必要的开支减少了我们的储蓄。(diminish)

Unnecessary spending diminished our savings.

4. 这是蓄意的侮辱，我气得发抖。（deliberate）

It was a deliberate insult, so I trembled with rage.

5. 对于浪漫主义诗人来说，自由高于一切。(supreme)

To the romantic poets, freedom is supreme.

6. 沉溺于寻欢作乐之中有害你律师的生涯。（indulgence）

Indulgence in pleasure will ruin your career as a lawyer.

7. 我们对传统的美德表示敬意。（homage）

We pay homage to the traditional virtues.

8. 我认为我们的职责是神圣的。（sacred）

I consider our duty sacred.

9. 一些革命者看到了政府的无能。(impotence)

Some revolutionists saw the impotence of the government.

三、单词

1. multitudinous: very numerous, existing in great numbers

2. lust: overwhelming desire or craving

3. orgy: excessive indulgence in any activity; wild festivity

4. pitch: point, level, degree

5. texture: quality; structure of a substance

6. deliberate fasting: eating little or no food on purpose

7. bludgeon: force somebody into (doing something); beat

8. blow-out: (slang) a large, usually lavish, meal

9. indulgence: great satisfaction; gratification of desires

10. homage: honour or respect; reverence paid

11. gorge: stuff/ fill oneself completely with food

12. impotence: powerlessness; ineffectualness

选择

1. The whole house was in a dilapidated condition: the door squeaked on its hinges and the floorboards were nearly rotten.

2. Nicholas wanted to be a student of theology and hoped to become a priest in the future just like his grandfather.

3. Salzburg is sacred to Mozart-lovers.

4. To Christians, churches are the guardians of their faith.

5. We can hurt people’s feelings if we are too blunt.

6. Susan doesn’t even know that angles of less than 90 degrees are called acute angles.

7. Ancient manuscripts were written on parchment.

8. It is important to boost the morale of the soldiers as low morale can render an army impotent.

9. The soldiers in the platoon shined their bayonets in anticipation of the inspection by the general.

10. The oracles were expected to divine the future.

11. Her guardian warned her never to associate with the members of that disreputable family.

12. Monica rang off as I did not invite her to the long-awaited wedding feast.

13. I have promised Susan that I shall play the piano at the reunion, but I’m a little out of practice.

14. As the children were gorging themselves silly after a day’s outing, they did not take in a single word I was saying to them.

15. Emma would rather not eat too much at the banquet: she is sick of putting on weight.

16. There is no indication that a day of fasting has been in any way detrimental to our health.

17. nobody could give me a rough estimate of what the feast might cost.

18. Nothing is better than a cup of tea to quench my thirst after playing ping pong for three hours.

19. Time after time we are told that appetite can keep our expectations alive.

20. Morgan asked me to carry the preservation of appetite to the extent of deliberate fasting but I turned him down.

Unit 10 (Straight-A Illiteracy)

一、改写

2. Finally, with both of us combining our linguistic and imaginative resources, finally, after what seems another hour, we decode it.

最终，结合了我们的语言学知识和想象力，又用了好像一个小时似的，终于破译了这句话。

We both use all the knowledge and imagination we can summon, trying to figure out the actual sense, and after practically one whole hour, we eventually are able to understand it.

3. It attacks the best minds, and gradually destroys the critical faculties, making it impossible for the sufferer to detect gibberish in his own writing or in that of others.

侵袭了最优秀的心灵，逐渐摧毁批判的能力，使得他们丧失了发现自己或别人文章中那些莫名奇妙、毫无意义的话的本领。

It does harm to the most intelligent individual and by and by, wears away his ability to judge, eventually reducing him to being unable to detect nonsense either in his own writing or in that of others.

4. He learns to write gibberish by reading it, and by being taught to admire it as profundity.

他读不明白的东西，渐渐习惯写不明白的东西，而被认为是高品位的范文。

He reads gibberish, and gradually he forms a habit of writing gibberish himself, which he has been instructed to learn as exemplary writing of sophisticated taste.

二、翻译

1. 尽管年迈，他仍然在学习法语。（despite）

Despite his advanced age, he is still learning French.

2. 他又穷又病，境况可怜。（plight）

He was in a piteous plight, poor and ill.

3. 为了找到解决这个问题的办法，已经做了很多的实验。（in an attempt to）

Many experiments have been made in an attempt to find a solution to the problem.

4. 女孩一般比男孩发音清晰。（articulate）

A girl tends to be more articulate than a boy.

5. 这本手册旨在解读肢体语言。（decode）

This handbook is intended to decode body language.

6. 我发觉她对这件事的看法有了变化。（detect）

I detected a change in her opinion on this matter.

7. 垂危病人的病房在一号楼。(terminal)

The wards for terminal cases are in Building One.

8. 我们必须设法解决那个难题。（grapple with）

We must grapple with that knotty problem.

9. 他拿着一只里面装满了文件的手提包。（bulge with）

He carried a briefcase bulging with documents.

三、单词

1. plight: condition, state, or situation; especially an unfavourable one

2. as often as not: at least half the time; frequently

3. articulate: using language easily and fluently; having facility with words

4. a coveted fellowship: a fellowship(i.e., the money given to postgraduate students to allow them to continue their studies at an advanced level) that everyone longs jealously to possess.

5. allegorically: figuratively

6. gibberish: talk or writing containing many obscure, pretentious, or technical words; meaningless or unintelligible talk or writing

7. providentially: fortunately; luckily

8. inexorably: inescapably

9. profundity: profound or deep matter

10. grapple with: try to deal with

选择

1. On the way to the university yesterday morning, because the road was blocked by a traffic accident, the university president had to make a detour.

2. Betty broke the school rules and regulations repeatedly so the principal finally had no alternative but to expel her.

3. Since it was a nice secluded spot, the post-graduates decided to have a group discussion there.

4. The speech of that promising student was very interesting and ambitious, but to our great surprise, somehow it didn’t quite come off.

5. Professor Johnson planned to go over my paper sentence by sentence with me in his office this morning, but he hasn’t turned up yet.

6. Mr. Bright tiptoed down the stairs, trying not to disturb his roommates, but a creaking floorboard woke up his best friend, Tom.

7. If Jeff perseveres with his piano playing, he could eventually reach concert standard.

8. Since there is nothing we can do to change this situation of straight-A illiteracy, we’ll just have to make the best of thing.

9. How do you interpret these sentences in the American Sociological Review? I can’t make any sense of them at all.

10. We hear that miniskirts are coming back into fashion, but I wonder if they’ll really catch on again.

11. All the professors were pleased with Andrew’s cultivated manners, his critical faculties and his imaginative resources.

12. His plan to put an end to the gibberish in our writing is in no way impracticable.

13. Mark had no interest in reading an article full of gibberish; he gave it no more than a cursory glance.

14. We are sure that we will bear out what James Degnan has been analyzing.

15. A meeting of the staff is being convened to discuss my scheme to put an end to straight-A illiteracy in our university.

16. Do you see eye to eye with James Degnan’s point of view?

17. the restaurant near the lake has a very varied menu so we can have several delicious dishes to choose from every day.

18. Professor Hill told me that he could not go over my paper with me today as he had got far too much other work to catch up on.

Unit thirteen ( Euphemism)

一、改写

1. People who are partial to euphemisms stand accused of being “phony” or trying to hide what it is they are really talking about.

那些偏爱委婉语的人们被指责成“骗子”，或试图掩盖他们真正谈论的东西。

Euphemism---prone people are subject to the charge that they are insincere.

2. What we call things affects how we will perceive them.

我们称谓事物的名字会影响我们对它们的感觉。

Things may take on a different look when named differently.

4. For if you change the names of things, you change how people will regard them, and that is as good as changing the nature of the thing itself.

如果你改变了事物的名字，你就会改变人们看待这些事物的方式，这就像改变了事物的本质一样。 With the change of the names of things, you have changed their images in the eye of people, which, in effect, means a change in what the things really are.

6. Saying that someone is “dead ” is not to speak more plainly or honestly than saying he has “passed away.” 说一个人“死了”和说某个人“去世了”一样清楚或诚实

People are just as frank when they say someone “passed away ” as when they say he is “dead ”

二、翻译

1. 菲兹杰拉德的小说家生涯有一个吉祥的开端。（auspicious ）

Fitzgerald ’s career as a novelist had an auspicious beginning.

2. 这个故事换起了我对在巴黎期间的往事的回忆。(evoke)

The story evoked memorizes of my days in Paris.

3. 他的皱眉表明他不同意，甚至还不高兴。（denote ）

A frown denotes his disapproval, and even his displeasure.

4. 惠特曼在他的《自我之歌》（Song of Myself ）中将自我与大众联系起来。（identify with ）

Whitman identifies his ego with the masses in his Song of Myself.

5. 在背后诽谤别人很可鄙。（contemptible ）

Speaking ill of someone behind his back is very contemptible.

6. 事故发生之后，警察将来往车辆转引到一旁道。（divert ）

The police diverted the traffic into a side---street after the accident.

7. 他越来越傲慢，这使他与许多老朋友疏离了。（alienate ）

His increasing arrogance alienated him from many of his old friends.

8. 他受到赚钱还债需要的驱动。（motivate ）

He was motivated by a need to make money to pay off debits.

9. 他对我们所做的事几乎是欺骗。（amount to ）

What he has done to us almost amounts to fraud.

四、单词

选择 1. We all understand the gist of Neil Postman ’s argument after studying the essay. 2. The U.S. government made a very feeble excuse for conducting the experiments with the hydrogen bomb in the South Pacific.

3. Neil Postman did not write the essay “Euphemism ” on the spur of the moment.

4. The U.S. government finally insisted on conducting the experiments with the hydrogen bomb in the South Pacific.

5. My brother is a staunch supporter of the newly-organized football team.

6. The mayor elect was heckled by news reporters at the press conference when he announced his programme for the development of the city.

1. auspicious: favourable

2. exalted: dignified, elevated

3. phony: deceitful; fraudulent

4. expunge: wipe out; erase

5. amiss: improper; wrong; faulty

6. semantics: study of meaning

7. in the same vein: in the same manner

8. warrant: be worthy of

9. incongruous: inappropriate; out of place

10. categorically: absolutely; unconditionally

7. When the employees began to judge their fellow colleagues according to a different frame of reference, they found Mr. Tennyson detestable as he curried favour with the new boss.

8. When people give pretty names to ugly things, it is sometimes difficult for us to tell whether they are deceitful or telling the truth.

9. Do you have a euphemistic term for a disorderly room with a jumble of clothes all over the floor?

10. To the first-graders, hardly a day goes by without learning something new about the astounding creator---nature.

11. It was annoying to see the shop-assistant shrugging her shoulders indifferently when complaints were made.

12. Certain conditions were set out in the agreement: for instance, the name tuna fish should be used in place of horse mackerel.

13. I must concede that I only know a sprinkling of English so your translation may well be better than mine.

14. At first sight, euphemisms are useful in avoiding using some unmentionables in daily conversation, but there are dangers if they are used indiscriminately.

15. Minnie was constantly pulled up for her misuse of euphemisms and lack of attention to her work.

16. Please fill in the questionnaire and return it to market enquiry because they want to know the effects of their advertising as soon as possible.