英美文化差异英文论文

2012-13学年第1学期2011级英美概况试题

姓名董译之学号2011141090 班级英语112 成绩_______

The Difference between England and America Abstract: the paper is to show the difference between American and English in several aspects, such as geographical location, cultural environment and the most important part, the language.

1.Geographical Location

The geographic location of the United Kingdom and the United States are different, one in European continent, one continent of the America. The United Kingdom, after a long period of development, has been very wealthy, so they are decent and conservative. But at the beginning of the United States, the United States is in a completely unfamiliar and barren continent, the first settlers were called pioneers, so they have to have the courage to take risks. If they do not have the spirit of adventure, they will not be able to survive, not to mention development, the hard environment eventually made the American spirit. In addition, the difference of European culture and American cultural contributes to the difference of the two countries. English suffers from the influence from other European countries, like France, Germany, but American was influenced by the culture of the other countries in American continent as well as the native Indian.

2.Culture Environment

Britain is a traditional European country with long historical tradition continuity, and there had been a hierarchy in British society for a long time. And in UK there always has been a monarchy. So, the British likes to remember past times and old acquaintances, tends to be conservative, and behaves like a gentleman. All these need culture accumulation, and these character and qualities can’t be made if the country is without a long history. However, the U.S. is precisely without a very profound historical accumulation and is a young country. So, the Americans dare to innovate and stress emphasis on personal value. On the other hand, in the United States, there are not a lot of constrains. They feel free to make bold innovations.

In addition, there is a great difference in the population composition of the two countries. The United States is a nation of immigrants, people comes from all countries and regions in the world. So, the culture of the United States shows different characteristics. People in American can accept and absorb all the culture factors all over the world. U.S. attitude toward foreign cultures is an open. However, comparing to the United States, the structure of the UK population appears to be simplex.

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Although, American and England are all English speaking countries, they all have its own kind of English after a long time, and we call them British English and American English.

3.1Pronunciation

British English is conservative and rigorous. In many cases, there is no correspondence between the pronunciation and spelling, and British are willing to follow the rule in this way to show their kind of recognition and respect for their language. However, Americans have another concept. They do everything under the precondition of convenience, and they tend to follow the regular pronunciation rather than irregular pronunciation in British English. Americans change the irregular pronunciations in British English into regular ones.

For example: in English, the word forehead pronounces [fo: rid], but in American, [fo: rhed]. The word medicine, British read it [medsin], the letter i is not pronounced, and American English read [medisin]. Even some regular pronounced words also change, because of the Americans undisciplined, lazy style.

3.2spelling

The way of spelling in American English is more concise and practical than that in British English, they would ignore the letter in writing if the letter was not pronounced, which makes words short and easy to spell.

Take an example, if the letter L ending in a word was not unstressed syllable, American people seldom end the word with double L, such as councillor, American will spell councilor instead, and traveler instead of traverller, and so on. Some words in American English end with –ter, such as center-centre, meter-metre. In British English words end with –our are changed into –or in American English, like labour-labor, honour-honor, colour-color.

3.3Vocabulary

The differences between British English and American English also exist in their vocabulary, such as, the Americans used the apartment, and the British flat, Americans say the first floor, and the British the ground floor; public school in British English means private school which kids come from affluent families can afford, but the public schools in American English is a school run by government. Eating the dessert after dinner in American English means all kinds of food, but only fruit in British English. The trouser in American English is pants, whereas, pants means underwear in British English. The word check in American English is bank note in British English.

4.Table Manner

At table, the British people pays special attention to table manners, such as, they shouldn’t talk at table, shouldn’t beat tableware as well. They have a strict requirement on how to use knives and forks. While Americans on the relatively few occasions will do so, they like fast and convenient food, they do not require delicate or luxury dinner but they pay more attention to popular food. American favorite food is known as KFC, McDonald's and pizza hut, the junk food. This diet keeps the

American obesity rate high. But from the diet habits, it is not difficult for us to find that the American do everything vigorously and resolutely and do not stick to the trifles.

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From the educational philosophy of the education system in the United States, there are the characteristics of diversity and openness, international and flexibility, which enable the U.S. Department of Education to ensure educational equity and equality of opportunity to receive education, and take full advantage of the strengths of educational objects, so education is the dynamic, vibrant in American. It also reflects what the Americans have been in pursuit, the freedom and equality.

British education has a rigorous style of study and impeccable the education system. The UK has a strict quality control system, the teaching quality evaluation and the research Assessment from all the school in England are announced to the world, higher education institutions in the UK will be checked in a regular routine. This rigorous attitude is also reflected in the assessment of the student. Many students can’t get a degree if they fail in passing the assessment. Ethics and professionalism of English teachers ensure the quality of its education. British education also reflects British conservative and rigorous character.

6.Summery

In conclusion, we can see that the British are sensitive, restrained, conservative, they tend to be rational rigorous and gentlemanly. By comparison, Americans are warm and cheerful, bold and frank. They are with a spirit of adventure and innovation.

中西文化差异英文

Differences between Chinese and Western culture As we know the differences between the our estern cultures and western cultures are quite obvious.I would like to state some of my opinions in this paper. I.difference in the thinking style People on the earth are homologous,but different people in different place have different performance on the way of thinking. Differences between Chinese and Western way of thinking reflected in many aspects.Such as the difference between abstract and concrete, reflected in their attitudes towards life can be understood as Westernersare more practical, and the Chinese are much more biased towards some spiritual experience. Westerners pay attention to logical thinking, but Chinese pay more attention to dialectical thinking and so on. As Chinese and western way of thinking are different, there are differences in expression of the order. For example,we can see that the names of western style are not like ours,they put their given names at the first place,while we put them after our family names,that is to say,we regard our family more important than ourselves,and it's the traditional way of estern thinking.Westerners have another way of thinking,they think that each person is important in our world and society,and a person should play a important role among our human beings. II.differences in daily communication Westerners are frank,but chinese are humility.The reflection between westerners and chinese on the treatment of praise is different.In the West, people can accept it generously. As the Chinese have long term impact of Confucian education, we treat others’ praise and recognition not often take the attitude of ourselves, or there is suspected of arrogant. When meeting acquaintances, chinese and westerners greet each other are also different. Chinese people often say "Have you eat ?" "Where are you going?"except the general asked”hello”. In western culture, this is not a greeting, but substantive issues. When British and American people meet,they usually use a polite phrase like "How are you?" or "Nice to meet you!" In addtion,when westerners accept gift from others,they are willing to open it and praise it directly,but chinese do not do like that. III.differences in customs Chinese people regard ourselves as descendants of the Dragon.Chinese have a supreme respect for the dragon, we think dragon is a symbol of our nation. In the dynasty time,Chinese emperors generally self-styled "dragon".However,in the West, the dragon was regarded as the devil, and it was killed by the legendary god of protection, so they set a day as a festival to celebrate the lifting of a disaster, and thank the protection of God.For this reason, when the students describe a person's lively, they say "He / She is full of vim and vigor." not"He / She is as lively as a dragon and tiger". Everyone has their favorite color, so does a country and a nation. Chinese like the red colour ,because chinese think red is a symbol of luck and enthusiam. But westerners perfer to the blue colour,they think blue can make themselves calm. Thus,the preferences of different colors can reflect the whole of a country’s aesthetic taste. IV. differences in eating cultrue Chinese and Western diets are very different, so the differences also have an impact on the national character. In China, a banquet, no matter what purpose, there will be only one form, that is, everyone sit around one table. People toast each other,and eat the same food in one plate,,It reflects the mutual respect between people even the traditional courteous virtue. Although from the health point of view, this dietary approach has obvious shortcomings, it is consistent with our

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课程论文英美文化课程论文系别：教育二系专业年级：初教六班姓名：李倩学号：13310604 指导教师：李智强职称：讲师 2015年6月13日

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如何对待中外文化差异英语作文.doc

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从《天生一对》看英美文化差异

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文化差异英语作文集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-

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英美文化论文：从精神分析角度看《弗兰肯斯坦》的悲剧

从精神分析角度看《弗兰肯斯坦》的悲剧《弗兰肯斯坦》的作者玛丽?雪莱,是英国著名女作家。英国著名诗人波西?比希?雪莱的第二任妻子。其作品以哥特小说《弗兰肯斯坦》（又译《科学怪人》）最为知名。小说讲述了科学家维克多?弗兰肯斯坦热衷于生命起源的研究，他试图征服死亡，创造一种新的生命。通过多年的研究，终于发现了创造生命的秘诀。于是，他开始了自己的生命再创造之旅。但是，在创造出怪物的之后，弗兰肯斯坦因无法容忍其丑陋的相貌，而将自己的创造物抛弃。怪物在人世间备受凌辱，于是开始反抗，疯狂报复人类，在制造了一系列的悲剧后，终于同其造物主弗兰肯斯坦同归于尽。精神分析法在20世纪文学研究中占据重要的地位。它为文学著作的解读提供了新的视角，使文学研究在人类精神、心理这一视角上开拓出一片天地。本文解读的是哥特名著《弗兰肯斯坦》。小说是一部悲剧，“造物主”和“被创造者”最终都归于灭亡。以往研究者对这部作品的阐释已经很多。传记研究，女权主义分析，后殖民主义分析，生态主义批评，异化理论分析等等。而弗洛伊德后期的“死亡本能”说，同样可以作为阐释这部小说的理论。一、弗洛伊德的“死亡本能”说弗洛伊德提出了三重人格理论，即“本我”、“自我”、“超我”。“本我”、“自我”、“超我”三者经常相互矛盾、斗争，特别是“超我”和“本我”经常处于不可调和的对抗状态。而到了晚

年，弗洛伊德将“本我”修正为两类，“性本能”和“攻击本能”，也即“生存本能”和“死亡本能”。“生存本能”是最广义的性本能，与个体生存和种族绵延息息相关，追求自我满足，不顾社会和他人。“死亡本能”以破坏为目的。弗洛伊德说：“假定远在远古，生命以一种不可思议的方式起源于无生物，那么据我们的假设，那时便已有一种本能要以毁灭生命而重复返于无机状态为目的。有假定我们所称的自我破坏的冲突起源于这种本能，那么这个冲动便可被视为任何生命历程所不能缺少的一种死亡本能（death instinct）的表现。”［1］因此，死亡本能“要将生命的物质重复返于无机的状态。”死亡是生命的终结，死亡本能派生出攻击、破坏和战争。而转向生命体内部时，又表现为自责，甚至是自杀。二、从弗洛伊德的“死亡本能”说看《弗兰肯斯坦》的悲剧上文已经提到，《弗兰肯斯坦》是一部哥特小说，简单说，哥特小说就是一种恐怖和鬼怪小说。《弗兰肯斯坦》虽不是最典型的哥特小说，但这部作品将科学幻想与哥特恐怖有机地融为一体，内容充斥着死亡、怪诞的叙述。比如科学家弗兰肯斯坦的造人行为。弗兰肯斯坦日夜赶造自己梦想的生命，但这个被创造的生命存在就其相貌而言，真的是一个不择不扣的怪物，正如文中所描述的“他那黄皮肤勉强覆盖住皮下的肌肉和血管，一头软飘飘的黑发油光发亮，一口牙齿白如珍珠。这乌发皓齿尽管漂亮，可配上他的眼睛、脸色和嘴唇那可真吓人！那两只眼睛湿漉漉的，与它们容身的眼窝颜色几乎一样，黄里泛白；他脸色枯黄，两片嘴唇直僵僵的，黑不溜秋。”

中美在饮食文化方面的差异英语论文

淮阴工学院课程论文（2010-2011学年第二学期）论文题目: 跨文化交际中的饮食文化差异——以中美饮食文化为例课程名称：跨文化交际英语任课老师：余洪虹姓名: 植云班级: 艺术1093 学号: 1092202325

跨文化交际中的饮食文化差异 ——以中美饮食文化为例摘要：饮食是一种文化，而不同的文化背景孕育着不同的饮食文化，中国饮食以食表意，其博大精深不可言喻，而美国的饮食则是吃什么就是什么。在中西方文化互相交融的今天，美国文化有值得我们学习和借鉴的地方，同时中华饮食文化的优点也要继承，本文着重从中美饮食文化进行比较，从而用客观的视角去审视中西方饮食文化。关键词：饮食文化，中国饮食，美国饮食，文化差异 1中国饮食文化的特点中国的历史悠久，文明源远流长，具有上下五千年的文化，因此饮食文化也比较丰富，它也是祖国丰富文化宝库中的一朵奇葩。中国从原始社会开始都是以大杂居为主，远古时期以部落为单位，后来一直演变，直到现代社会都是以家庭为单位，团团圆圆一直是中国人的愿望，中国人的集体意识形成了中国饮食文化的一大特点就是—一家人都是吃一桌菜，并且大多数家庭是以圆桌为主，一家人围在一起，表示家人和和睦睦、团团圆圆。中国人的饮食很讲究色、香、味原则，三者缺一不可，为使食物色美，通常是在青、绿、红、黄、白、黑、酱等色中取三至五色调配，也就是选用适当的荤素菜料，包括一种主料和二、三种不同颜色的配料，使用适当的烹法与调味，就能使得菜色美观。食物香喷，可以激发食欲，其方法即为加入适当的香料，如葱、姜、蒜、辣、酒、八角、桂皮、胡椒、麻油、香菇等，使烹煮的食物气味芬芳。烹调各种食物时，必须注重鲜味与原味的保留，尽量去除腥膻味；譬如烹调海鲜时，中国人则爱用葱姜。因此适量的使用如酱油、糖、醋、香料等各种调味品，可以使得嗜浓味者不觉其淡，嗜淡味者不嫌其浓，个人根据自己的口味选择。因为中国自古以来地大物博、人口稠密，所以中国人的饮食从先秦开始，就是以谷物为主，肉少粮多，辅以菜蔬，这就是典型的饭菜结构。其中饭是主食，而菜则是为了下饭，即助饭下咽。因为主食并不可口，必须有一种物质来辅助它使人们能够吃下去。当然菜的功能和盐的功能有共同点，但是不等同于盐。因为主食的单一性，所以，只有在菜上面花功夫，因此，中国的菜大都比较注重口味，

中美文化差异英文版

1.美国人的自我意识和独立意识很强。 Self-awareness and independent consciousness of Americans are very strong. 2.美国文化鼓励人民开拓创新，做一番前人未做过的、杰出超凡的事业。 In America, innovation often is encouraged and people often do something nobody has done. 3.美国基础教育实践，注重创造的教学形式. American education based on practice, pay attention to teaching form of creation. 4. 中国的家庭结构比较复杂，传统的幸福家庭是四代同堂。 China's family structure is more complex, the traditional happy family is four generations. 5. 中国人的婚姻相对来说比较稳定。这是因为中国人把婚姻当作一个严肃的道德问题，喜新厌旧，或是第三者插足都会被认为是极不道德的。 The Chinese marriage is relatively stable. Because Chinese people treat marriage as a serious moral problem, propensity or a third people involvement is considered highly unethical. 6. 新中国虽已建立了六十年，但传统的君臣，父子等级观念在中国人的头脑中仍然根深蒂固。The traditional manner, parent-child hierarchical remains entrenched in the Chinese mind. 7. 主动帮助别人或接受别人帮助在西方常是令人难堪的事。在中国，主动帮助别人，给人以无微不至的体贴是一种美德。 Take the initiative to help others or accept others help is embarrassing thing in America. However, help others is a virtue. 8. 在个性自由与团结协作上：美国人十分珍视个人自由，喜欢随心所欲，独往独行，不愿受限制。中国文化则更多地强调集体主义，主张个人利益服从集体利益，主张同甘共苦，团结合作，步调一致。 On the personality freedom and cooperation, Americans cherish personal freedom and don't want to be limited. Personal interest obedience collective interests and cooperation were advocated in China. 9. 美国家庭教育目的是把孩子培养成具有适应各种环境和独立生存能力的“社会人”；中国家庭教育的目的是把孩子培养成“才”，将来有出息，有个好职业，一生能在顺境中度过。 The education purpose of American family is to help children to adapt to the environment and improve the independent ability, and finally make children become a "social person". The education aim of Chinese family is to make children become a person with ability, and hope they can have ambition in the future, have a good career, life can be spent in prosperity. (You are very handsome! 或赞扬你Your English is very good时，中国人一般很谦虚地说：I do not think so! 或说 No ,no ,my English is poor. Thank you !; Have you had your meal? Where are you going? 他们则会认为你想请他吃饭或者干涉其私事，会引起误解。美国人见面，通常打招呼道：Hello! How do you do! Nice to meet you.) （American culture：The main content of American culture is the emphasize on individuals' value, the pursue of democracy and freedom, the promotion of deploitation(开拓,经营) and competition and the need of realistic and practicality. Its core is individualism: self-first, personal need first, pursue of individual benefit and enjoyment, emphasize on achieving individual value by self-strive and self-design. This type of intentionally build up of personality and pursue customized individualism has its pros and cons, it gives incentives to people and make them exert on their potential and wisdom and as a result accelerate the development of the entire race and nation; on the other hand it is difficult to keep good relationship among people if everyone is egocentric thus make the entire society lack of unity. egocentric:.自我中心的,利己主义的 American citizens emphasize on achievements and respect heroes. They have great sense in their hearts to praise success and heroes.Personal achievements are one of those with the highest value in Americans mind.Americans have very strong senses of success.Success is the pursuit of most Americans,it is their attractive future and the incentives for moving forward.They believe that one's personal value is equivalent to his achievements in his career.Some high achievers in their career such as entrepreneurs,scientists,artists and all kinds of super starts became modern heroes.The process and result of how they strived have become the frame of reference of social culture value and the real life text book for parents to educate their children. incentive:Serving to induce or motivate: American society has great movements within itself. These movements are shown in two aspects:movements amongst locations and movements inside the society.The United States are relatively more open and have more freedom.Developed transport and the tradition of adventure and sporty makes a lot of American migrate from countryside to cities,from downtown to uptown; and from north to the southern sunny land,from one city to another.Unlike European countries,the social classes in America is not so stable.Further more,with the advocation of public education,movements upwards along the social ladder have become possible.Many people living in

英美文化差异 英文论文