ASNT Level III BASIC Model Question Bank

ASNT Level III BASIC Model Question Bank
ASNT Level III BASIC Model Question Bank

ASNT NDT LEVEL III

NDT BASIC

Model Question Bank

1. As per SNT-TC-1A (2006) the near vision acuity exam is to be done for those persons working with NDT

A. once in six months

B. every two years

C. annually

D. none of the above.

2. As per CP-189 (2006), if an individual is currently certified in one LT technique, the minimum experience to qualify in another LT technique at the same Level or to the next Level may be reduced up to

A. 50%

B. 30%

C. 40%

D. no reduction

3. The number of methods for which certification is recommended by SNT-TC-1A (2006) are

A. 13

B. 10

C. 8

D. 6

4. As per CP-189 (2006) the maximum interval for recertification without examination is

A. 5 y

B. 10 y

C. 6 y

D. 8 y

E. none of the above

5. As per CP-189 (2006) for NDT Level II Practical Examination the minimum number of checkpoints requiring an understanding of NDT variables and the employer's procedural requirements should be included in the practical examination

A. 5

B. 8

C. 10

D. 6

E. to be decided by examiner

6. As per CP-189 (2006) for near vision acuity the applicant should be able to read a minimum of

A. Jaeger No.2

B. Jaeger No.3

C. Jaeger No. 1

D. none of the above.

7. As per CP-189, the minimum required experience in the method for direct certification to Level II in UT is

A. 840 hr.

B. 1000 hr.

C. 10 weeks

D. 6 months.

8. In accordance with CP-189 (2006) the frequency of color differentiation examinations is

A. annually

B. once in two years

C. at each recertification

D. none of the above.

9. The recommendations of CP-189 (2006) are

A. general & flexible

B. mandatory and minimum requirement

C. may be modified

D. none of the above.

10. As per SNT-TC-1A (2006), for near vision acuity the applicant should be able to read a minimum of _____ at minimum distance of 12 inches.

A. Jaeger No.2

B. Jaeger No.3

C. Jaeger No. 1

D. none of the above.

11. As per SNT-TC-1A (2006), the number of training hours required, if h igh school graduate or equivalent educational qualification, for direct certification to Level II in UT method is ______ hours.

A. 48 hours

B. 56 hours

C. 30 hours

D. 80 hours

12. As per CP-189 (2006) the minimum required work experience in method for Level II limited certification in Radiographic Film Interpretation for non-Radiographer

A. 2100 hours

B. 1000 hours

C. 10 weeks

D. six months.

13. As per SNT-TC-1A (2006), NDT method requiring minimum work experience for the Level II certification

A. Leak Testing

B. Visual Testing

C. Magnetic Particle Testing

D. Radiographic Testing

14. As per SNT-TC-1A (2006), NDT method requiring maximum initial training hours for .the Level II certification.

A. Leak Testing

B. Vibration Analysis Testing

C. Magnetic Particle Testing

D. Radiographic Testing

15. As per SNT-TC-1A (2006), for near vision acuity the applicant should be able to read a minimum of Jaeger No.2 at minimum distance of ______ inches.

A. 12

B. 24

C. 36

D. none of the above.

16. As per CP 189 (2006) for Level II practical examination minimum number of samples recommended per method is

A. 1

B. 5

C. 2

D. none of the above.

17. As per SNT-TC-1A (2006), the NDT Level II method requiring the maximum work experience is

A. UT

B. Leak Testing(LT)

C. RT

D. Vibration Analysis (VA) & Neutron Radiographic Testing (NR)

18. The recommendations of SNT-TC-1A are

A. mandatory

B. guidelines

C. code

D. none of the above

19. As per SNT-TC-1A (2006) for Level I practical examination, minimum number of sample recommended for each technique is

A. 5

B. 10

C. 1

D. 6

20. As per CP-189 (2006), limited certification is generally recommended for

A. Level I

B. Level II

C. Level III

D. Level I and II

21. As per CP-189 (2006), number of Levels for certification in each method is

A. 3

B. 4

C. 9

D. 11

22. An NDT Level I individual can

A. perform specific calibrations

B. perform specific evaluations for acceptance or rejection determinations according to written

instructions.

C. record test results.

D. all of the above.

23. As per SNT-TC-1A (2006), minimum educational-qualification for Level I and II is

A. 4 years of Engineering or Science study

B. high school graduate or equivalent

C. 2 years of Engineering or Science study

D. post graduation

24. As per CP-189 (2006) the minimum required work experience in method for Level II limited certification in Ultrasonic Digital Thickness measurements (numeric output only) is

A. 78 hours

B. 16 hours

C. 2 weeks

D. 40 hours

25. Qualification of NDT instructor is described in

A. CP-189 (2006)

B. SNT-TC-1A (2006)

C. CP-6-89 and SNT-TC-1A (2006)

D. none of the above

26. As per SNT-TC-1A (2006), a persons fails in Level II exam is permitted to take re-exam without undergoing retraining

A. only twice

B. only thrice

C. only once

D. none of the above

27. As per CP-189 (2006), experience means except

A. formal classroom training

B. actual performance of an NDT method conducted

C. laboratory and on-the-job training

D. none of the above.

28. As per SNT-TC-1A (2006), recertification

A. can be accomplished only by reexamination only.

B. can be based upon, evidence of continuing satisfactory performance.

C. can be at maximum intervals of 7 years

D. any of the above.

29. As per CP-189 (2006), a trainee shall work under direction of an NDT

A. Level I

B. Level II

C. Level III

D. senior trainee

E. Level II or Level III

30. As per CP-189 (2006), the number of recommended NDT methods for certification are

A. 13

B. 11

C. 8

D. 6

31. Of the following personnel, who can administer the near distance visual acuity examination?

A. A NDT Level III.

B. A physician, licensed nurse

C. An ophthalmologist or optometrist

D. A personnel approved by the employer’s Level III

E. Any of the above

32. As per CP-189 (2006) the employer shall suspend an individual’s certification if

A. the vision examination interval exceeds 1 year

B. the individual has not performed the duties in the method(s) for which certified during any

consecutive 12 month period

C. the individual’s performance is determined to be deficient in the required method or

technique for specific documented reasons

D. A or B or C

33. As per CP-189 (2006) the employer shall revoke an individual’s certification when the individual has not performed the duties in the method(s) for which certified during any consecutive

A. 12 month period

B. 24 month period

C. 18 month period

D. 20 month period

34. For a person being qualified directly to Level II with no time at Level I, the recommended experience consists of:

A. the time recommended for Level I

B. the time recommended for Level II

C. the sum of the times recommended for Level I and Level II.

D. not less than 12 months for any method.

35. As per CP-189 (2006), candidates who fail in Level I or II examination, must wait at least _____ days for reexamination without any additional training.

A. 60

B. 90

C. 30

D. 120

36. In practical usage, the recommendation of SNT-TC-1A

A. conform precisely to the requirements of most manufacturers who have NDT personnel.

B. conform precisely to the requirements of most independent testing laboratories.

C. usually require review and modification to satisfy the particulars needs of any user.

D. conform precisely to then requirements of most aircraft manufactures.

37. Who should be responsible to assess whether of an individual should be qualified and certified to NDT jobs?

A. ASNT or ISNT.

B. The individual's employer.

C. The government regulatory agency.

D. The customer's auditor

38. As per CP-189 (2006), individual may be recertified by employer, if the individual has at least _____ months (hours) of documented experience using the applicable method over 5 year certification interval.

A. 2 (350)

B. 4 (700)

C. 1 (175)

D. none of the above

39. As per SNT-TC-1A, certification is

A. the training, and experience required for personnel to perform the duties of a specific NDT job.

B. written testimony of qualification.

C. intended to be conferred by an organization independent from the employer.

D. to be conferred on an any individual personnel by ASNT only.

40. As per SNT-TC-1A (2006), the minimum required work experience in interpretation of radiographs for NDT Level II Limited certification in Radiographic Film Interpretation is

A. 11 hours

B. 22 hours

C. 33 hours

D. 44 hours

41. As per SNT-TC-1A, an NDT Level I individual can perform for acceptance or rejection determinations according to written instructions, provided the NDT Level I should receive the necessary instruction and supervision from a certified NDT Level II or III individual.

A. specific calibrations

B. specific NDT method or technique

C. specific evaluations

D. all of the above

42. As per SNT-TC-1A (2006), ASNT PdM Level III is available only in 2 methods. They are

A. Infrared/thermal Testing, Laser Testing

B. Visual Testing, Infrared/thermal Testing

C. Infrared/thermal Testing, Vibration Analysis

D. Laser Testing, Vibration Analysis

43. In some cases, the training hours recommended for NDT Level I are greater than for Level II, why?

A. In preparing for qualification at Level I, the candidate should always receive more training

than for Level II, regardless of the NDT method.

B. Candidates for Level II generally have more formal education than those for Level I.

C. Some methods require more initial training at Level I because of differences in complexity

and manipulative skills.

D. none of the above

44. The employer is responsible for certification of

A. Level I personnel

B. Level II. personnel

C. Level III personnel

D. all of the above

45. With regard to the training of NDT personnel, the employer:

A. must conduct all of the training in his premises.

B. may engage an outside service who must conduct the training on the employer's premises.

C. should not conduct the training in nearby employer’s premises.

D. may engage an outside service but is never the less responsible for the certification of his

NDT personnel.

46. According to SNT-TC-1A the recommended training hours in particular method are

A. listed according to the candidate's education.

B. the same regardless of the candidate's education.

C. listed as a function of the candidate's experience.

D. increased if the candidate is not working full - time in NDT.

47. According to SNT-TC-1A, an NDT Level III individual should be

A. be establishing and approving techniques

B. be capable of developing, qualifying, and approving procedures

C. be interpreting codes, standards, specifications, and procedures; and designating the

particular NDT methods, techniques, and procedures to be used.

D. have general familiarity with other appropriate NDT methods

E. all of the above.

48. An NDT Level II individual should be

A. thoroughly familiar with the scope and limitations of the methods for which qualified.

B. able to organize and report the results of NDT inspections.

C. qualified to set up and calibrate equipment and to interpret and evaluate results with respect

to applicable codes, standards, and specifications.

D. all of the above.

49. As per SNT-TC-1A (2006), if an individual is currently certified in an ET technique, minimum training hours to qualify in another ET technique at the same Level may be reduced up to, if so defined in employer’s written practice

A. 30%

B. 50%

C. 40%

D. no reduction

50. Weightage factor for grading for Level II examination is

A. written 0.5, practical 0.5

B. written 0.6, practical 0.4

C. written 0.4, practical 0.6

D. arithmetic average or graded average of written and practical examinations.

51. According to SNT-TC-1A (2006), the minimum required work experience in the method for direct certification to Level II in PT method is ______ hours.

A. 70

B. 140

C. 210

D. 440

52. According to SNT-TC-1A (2006), which of the following is not true for a Level III?

A. Shall be capable of assisting in establishment of acceptance criteria.

B. Should be familiar with other commonly used NDT methods.

C. Must train and examine the Level I and II personnel in his/her organization.

D. Shall be capable of establishing techniques and selection of test methods.

53. Which of the following is not within the scope of activities of a Level II individual, as recommended in SNT-TC-1A (2006)?

A. Calibrate equipment

B. Prepare written instructions

C. Establish techniques

D. Provide training

E. all of the above.

54. For Level III Basic Examinations, it is recommended that Level II questions also be included. These questions should be:

A. given only if the candidate is being examined in more than two methods

B. based on Level II tasks for the particular Method Examination.

C. selected at random from questions previously used on Level II examinations.

D. Level II type questions based on other applicable NDT methods.

55. As per SNT-TC-1A (2006), the maximum recertification period for all Levels

A. 10 y

B. 5 y

C. 7 y

D. 12 y

56. In accordance with SNT-TC-1A (2006), who is responsible for establishing a written practice for the control and administration of NDT personnel training, examination, and certification?

A. The NDT Level III.

B. The employer.

C. The quality control department

D. Training authority.

57. As per SNT-TC-1A (2006), who should be responsible to assess whether or not an individual should be qualified and certified to perform NDT?

A. ASNT.

B. The customer's auditor.

C. A government regulatory agency.

D. The individual's employer.

E. Any of the above.

58. What is purpose of maintaining certification records and the written practice?

A. For periodic approval by ASNT.

B. To determine the effectiveness of outside services.

C. To provide documentation for review by customer, clients, and regulatory agencies.

D. To protect against product liability claims.

E. All of the above.

59. For Level I and II examinations, the recommended minimum composite score is:

A. 50%.

B. 60%.

C. 70%.

D. 80%.

60. In accordance with SNT-TC-1A (2006), individuals certified to ASNT NDT Level III are considered to have met the:

A. employer's written practice requirements.

B. requirements of ANSI/ASNT CP-189.

C. requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

D. guidelines of SNT-TC-1A (Basic and Method Examinations).

61. As per SNT-TC-1A (2006), should personnel that operate ultrasonic digital thickness measurement equipment be qualified and certified?

A. Yes, because SNT-TC-1A requires that all personnel performing NDT be qualified and certified.

B. No, because SNT-TC-1A does not cover that specific operation.

C. Only if required by industry standards, and specifications.

D. Whether any NDT personnel should be qualified and certified depends solely upon the needs of the employer and the requirements of the employer's customers or clientele.

62. As per SNT-TC-1A (2006) for Level II practical examination, minimum number of sample recommended for each technique is

A. 5

B. 10

C. 1

D. 6

63 According to SNT-TC-1A (2006), high school education is recommended as a minimum requirement for:

A. Level III.

B. Level II.

C. Level I.

D. all of the above.

E. none of the levels.

64 The employer can consider an individual to be qualified to Level III, but only if he/she:

A. takes a comprehensive written examination.

B. has in excess of five years experience comparable to a Level II.

C. meets the requirements of the employer's written practice.

D. has taken the ASNT NDT Level III Basic and at least one of the Method examinations.

65. For the written examinations, tables, graphs and charts may be used during ______ examinations.

A. Level I.

B. Level II.

C. Level III.

D. all of the above.

66. According to SNT-TC-1A (2006), whether a Level I independently perform, evaluate, and sign for results of nondestructive tests with supervision and guidance from a Level II or III?

A. No.

B. Yes, the Level I may perform the above functions provided that they are in accordance with written procedure of a Level III or designee.

C. No, the Level I may not sign for test results.

D. No, the Level I is not allowed to take any independent action.

67. Which of the following parts of Level I and Level II examinations should be written?

A. The General

B. The Specific.

C. The Practical.

D. all of the above.

E. both A and B.

68. As recommended in SNT-TC-1A, physical examination requirements are intended to be:

A. the same for all employers..

B. the same for all methods

C. related to each employer's specific needs.

D. none of the above.

69. According to SNT-TC-1A (2006), the recommended training course outline includes:

A. technical principles of the method.

B. procedures.

C. interpretation of indications.

D. all of the above.

E. both A and C.

70. According to CP-189 the recommended training hours in particular method are

A. listed according to the candidate's education.

B. the same regardless of the candidate's education.

C. listed as a function of the candidate's experience.

D. increased if the candidate is not working full - time in NDT.

71. Material properties as used in design are most frequently determined by

A. theoretical analysis.

B.material testing.

C. the national bureau of standards.

D. fracture mechanics testing.

72. The soldering filler material melts

A. above 449 oC (840 oF)

B. below 200 oC (392 oF

C. below 449 oC (840 oF)

D. above 600 oC (1112 oF)

73. A condition that is caused by unintentional rapid heating of the base metal or weld metal and subsequent rapid cooling of the molten material, which results in extremely high heat input and causes localized hardness and cracking, is called:

A. undercut.

B. arc strike.

C. weld spatter.

D. overlap.

74. Stringer is the defect associated with:

A. forged product

B. rolled bar.

C. cast ingot.

D. rolled plate.

75. Porosity, misrun and cold shuts are examples of defects encountered in which of the following processes?

A. Welding.

B. Forging

C. Grinding.

D. Casting.

76. Which of the following is true?

A. Components with discontinuities are not acceptable.

B. Defects that affect the product usefulness are called discontinuities.

C. All discontinuities that make the products unfit for service are called defects.

D. All discontinuities are defects.

77. Cracking under the combined action of corrosion and static tensile stress is referred to as:

A. fatigue cracking.

B. creep cracking.

C. stress corrosion cracking.

D. corrosion fatigue cracking.

78. Change the crystal structure of metals with temperature is known as:

A. allotropic transformation.

B. phase transformation.

C. spheroidal decomposition.

D. eutectic transformation.

79. Chromium is a:

A. ferrite stabilizer.

B. a ustenitic stabilizer.

C. martensite stabilizer.

D. none of the above.

80. Full annealing is usually carried out to:

A. decrease hardness.

B. increase ductility.

C. relive stress.

D: both A and B above.

E. all of the above.

81. Tempering of steels after quenching usually results into:

A. reduction in hardness value.

B. improved toughness.

C. lower strength.

D. all of the above.

82. To prevent formation of hot crack in 304 grade austenitic stainless steels welds, one may recommend:

A. increasing in preheat temperature.

B. slow cooling after welding in asbestos cover.

C. welding consumables with minimum 5% ferrite.

D. welding consumables with no ferrite.

83. Addition of sulphur in steel:

A. improves the notch toughness characteristics at sub-zero temperature.

B. improves the crack resistance properties in steel.

C. increase the risk of hot cracking suspectability.

D. all of the above.

84. Carbon equivalent of steel is primarily worked out to know the:

A. consumption of the electrode for the steel material.

B. weldability of steel plates to workout the suitable welding procedure prior to welding.

C. distortion problem in welded joints.

D. none of the above.

85. The process in which moulds are made by dipping wax patterns in ceramic slurries and then firing them is popularly known as:

A. centrifugal casting.

B. shell moulding.

C. investment casting

D. gravity die casting.

86. Hot rolling of steel is carried out at about:

A. 1250 oC.

B: 800 oC.

C. 500 oC.

D. room temperatures.

87. Notched bar testing is carried out to find:

A. fatigue strength

B. creep strength.

C. shear strength.

D. effect of shock loading.

E. both A and C.

88. Which of the following will be more safe approach in design?

A. Factor of safety should be 1.

B. Factor of safety 4 on ultimate tensile strength.

C. Factor of safety 4 on elastic limit.

D. Any of the above depending the type of material.

89. Cheapest alloying element for increasing strength and hardness of steel is:

A. manganese.

B. carbon.

C. nickel

D. copper

90. To avoid quench cracks during heat treatment of steel, one should use:

A. annealing.

B. normalizing

C. precipitation hardening.

D. martempering.

91. Creep of the metal refers to

A. plastic deformation

B. elastic deformation

C. elastic plus plastic deformation.

D. none of the above

92. The terms "precipitation hardening" and "solution heat treatment” are often used interchangeably with the term

A. age hardening

B. recrystallization

C. annealing

D. work hardening

93. Annealing is usually performed to:

A. relieve stress.

B. increase ductility

C. decrease hardness

D. all of the above

94. A fatigue failure can often be prevented by utilizing NDT to:

A. verify the cyclic loading on a component part.

B. detect surface discontinuities that could be stress risers.

C. determine percent elongation of a material before it is placed in service.

D. measure the endurance limit of a part undergoing cyclic stresses.

95. The reduction of iron ore by mixing with coke, limestone, and oxygen for combustion of the coke is accomplished in:

A. a bessemer converter.

B. a blast furnace.

C. an open-hearth furnace.

D. a basic oxygen furnace.

96. Highest quality of steel is produced in:

A an electric furnace.

B. an open-hearth furnace.

C. a bessermer furnace

D. a basic oxygen furnace.

97. Which of the following may be performed to help prevent corrosion?

A. Electroplating.

B. Cathodic protection.

C. Anodizing.

D. All of the above.

98. A particular material has an Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of 45000 psi and an yield strength of 30000 psi. An allowable design stress is l5000 psi. What is the factor of safety based on UTS?

A. 1.5

B. l5

C. 3.0

D. None of the above

99. A steel with 28 points of carbon contains

A. 2.8% carbon

B. 0.028% carbon.

C. 0.28% carbon

D. none of the above

100. Another name for investment casting is

A. lost wax process

B. centrifugal casting

C. permanent mould casting

D. none of the above

101. Which of the following is a surface hardening heat treatment process that does not

A. Carburising.

B. Flame hardening.

C. Cyaniding.

D. Nitriding. change

surface chemical composition?

102. Percentage of carbon is found in steel is

A. between 3 and 5%.

B. between 5 and 10%.

C. less than 1%.

D. less than 2%.

103. Identify the more severe flaw:

A. planar flaw at the surface of a component.

B. volumetric surface flaw.

C. planar interior flaw.

D. volumetric interior flaw.

104. Identify the strain hardening mechanism which also increases flaw tolerance of the material:

A. solid solution hardening.

B. strain hardening.

C. martensite strengthening.

D. grain refinement.

105. Identify the most flaw tolerant crystal structure:

A. BCC.

B. BCT.

C. HCP.

D. FCC.

106. 'Weld decay' of stainless steel is associated with:

A. pitting corrosion.

B. crevice corrosion.

C. intergranular corrosion.

D. uniform corrosion.

107. Which of the following is a refractory material?

A. Tantalum

B. Molybdenum

C. Tungsten

D. All of the above.

108. Composites may be made up of which of the following material combinations?

A. Combinations of different metals

B. Combinations of different metals and non metals

C. Combinations of different non metals

D. All of the above

109. Austenitic stainless steel is:

A. low alloy steel.

B. high alloy steel.

C. non-magnetic.

D. both B and C

110. Crystal structure, generally exhibiting highest ductility and toughness is:

A. BCC.

B. BCT.

C. FCC.

D. HCP.

111. Hardness measured with a maximum test load ______ is called microhardness.

A. 100 g

B. 1000 g.

C. 10000 g.

D. none of the above.

112. Spheroidising is carried out

A. to reduce the grain size

B. for phase change

C. for increasing ductility

D. for precipitation

113. Which of the following statements best differentiates between a defect and a discontinuity?

A. All discontinuities are defects

B. All discontinuities will lead to failures if undetected

C. Discontinuities can propagate and become defects

D. All of the above

114. Which of the following is true relative to the comparison of the properties of aluminum-based alloys and iron based alloys?

A. Iron has lower melting point than aluminum.

B. Iron can exist in several different crystalline structures, and its properties can be controlled by

heat treatment.

C Iron is preferred in load carrying designs, but it should not be used for any deformation type

of manufacturing process

D. All of the above.

115. Many metals exhibit an increase in strength caused by plastic flow beyond the elastic limit. This effect is called:

A. age hardening.

B. work hardening.

C. recrystallization.

D. plastic deformation.

116. Which of the following statement is true concerning deformation process?

A. Hot working usually follows cold working.

B. Hot working must be followed by heat treatment.

C. Hot worked must be cold worked before they can used.

D. Cold working usually follows hot working.

E. Cold working renders brittle material more ductile.

117 Chaplets are the devices used to:

A. chill the specific area.

B. support and position cores during filling of cost.

C. reinforce the casting on solidification.

D. to prevent shrinkage of particular locations.

118. Normalising heat treatment of carbon steel gives the ______ microstructure.

A. coarse pearlite

B. fine pearlite

C. martensite

D. fine ferrite

119. The welding process using non consumable electrode with the arc maintained in an atmosphere of inert gas is

A. submerged arc welding (SAW)

B. electroslag welding

C. gas metal arc welding (GMAW)

D. gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)

120. Shrinkage cavity existing in ingot is removed by

A. subsequent working

B. almost non-existent with modern steel making process

C. by cropping about one third from the top

D. none of the above

121. The welding process capable of very high intensity and rate of heat transfer is

A. brazing

B. diffusion welding

C. soldering

D. plasma arc welding

122. The Barkhausen noise or micromagnetic testing instruments measure stress units in

A. N/ mm2

B. ksi

C. relative magnetoelastic parameter (MP).

D. all of the above

123. Heat treatment affects

A. conductivity in ferromagnetic parts and permeability in nonferromagnetic parts

B. conductivity in nonferromagnetic parts and permeability in ferromagnetic parts

C. both conductivity and permeability in nonferromagnetic and ferromagnetic parts

D. none of the above

124. The maximum tonnage of steel is produced by ______ process.

A. electric arc

B. crucible

C. high frequency

D. basic oxygen

125. The tensile stress in a bar of 15 in. long and 3 in. wide and 2 in. thick subjected to a tensile load, acting along the length, of 30000 pounds will be equal to

A. 1500 psi

B. 5000 psi

C. 2000 psi

D. 10000 psi

126. When steel has been quench-hardened and is reheated to some point below the lower transformation temperature for the purpose, of reducing brittleness, this is called:

A. austenitization.

B. thermal slip deformation.

C. tempering.

D. heat treatment

127. Brass is alloy of:

A. tin and copper.

B. zinc and copper.

C. copper and iron.

D. nickel and boron.

128. Monel is:

A. iron alloy.

B. nickel alloy.

C. molybdenum alloys

D. aluminum alloys

129. An undesirable by-product of steel-making processes is:

A. coke.

B. slag.

C. low carbon steel.

D. low alloy steel

130. For steels hot working is performed at temperatures of

A. 500 ? 750 oC

B. 750 ? 950 oC

C. 950 ? 1300 oC

D. 1300 ? 1500 oC

131. The letters N/C in machine work stand for

A. Numerical control

B. Number cycle

C. Numerical cutting

D. Number counting

132. One type of forging operation uses

A. rolling

B. casting

C. open dies

D. extrusion

133. Which of the following is not a form of case hardening?

A. Spheroidising

B. Carburing

C. Flame hardening

D. Nitriding

134. Pipe and tube may be manufactured using which technique?

A. Extruding

B. Rolling

C. Resistance welding

D. All of the above

135. Impact forging is more commonly known as

A. open die forging

B. drop forging

C. closed die

D. rotary swaging

136. Thermoplastic

A. can be melted down and re-used without loss of properties

B. can be softened by heat

C. will char when heated

D. both A and B

137. Which of the following is not a fabrication method of metals?

A. Casting

B. Forging

C. Heat treatment

D. Welding

138. Which of the following casting processes is best used for small intricate casting up to 2 kg requiring close tolerances?

A. Centrifugal casting

B. Investment casting

C. Continuous casting

D. Permanent mold casting

139. Which of the following metals has very little ductility?

A. Copper

B. Steel

C. Iron

D. Aluminum

140. Of these methods listed below which will eliminate the need for an ingot?

A. Hot rolling

B. Casting

C. Extrusion

D. None of the above

141. Directional solidification in castings is helped by the use of

A. cores

B. feederheaders

C. chills

D. chaplets

142. In the machining process metal is removed in the form of

A. swarf

B. chips

C. fillings

D. turnings

143. Green sand is a mixture of

A. sand

B. clay

C. water

D. all of the above

E. sand and water

144. During the bending process what stresses are produced within the material?

A. Compressive

B. Shear

C. Tensile

D. All of the above

E. Both A and C

145. Which of the metals listed below has the highest strength to weight ratio?

A. Beryllium

B. Titanium

C. Aluminium

D. Zinc

146. The term used in powder metallurgy for the bonding of the solid particles is

A. pressing

B. blending

C. sintering

D. mixing

147. One of the major drawbacks of magnesium alloys is

A. poor corrosion resistance

B. notch sensitivity

C. high density

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A. work hardening

B. re-crystalisation

C. stress releasing

D. normalising

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目录 1省级节点升级操作 (1) 1.1 配置准备 (1) 1.1.1 执行配置准备脚本 (1) 1.1.2 重启系统服务 (3) 1.1.3 将双机服务设置为未管理状态 (5) 1.2 本级升级 (6) 1.2.1 系统升级 (6) 1.2.2 执行本地配置脚本 (8) 1.2.3 将双机服务设置为管理状态 (9) 1.2.4 重启系统服务 (10) 1.2.5 启用数据存储备份功能 (10) 1.3 版本发布 (14) 1.3.1 下发升级包 (14) 1.3.2 升级监控(下级) (16) 1.4 升级验证 (16) 2市级节点升级操作 (21) 2.1 配置准备 (21) 2.1.1 执行配置准备脚本 (21) 2.1.2 重启系统服务 (22) 2.2 本级升级 (23) 2.2.1 系统升级 (23) 2.2.2 执行本地配置脚本 (25) 2.2.3 重启系统服务 (26) 2.2.4 启用数据存储备份功能 (26) 2.3 升级验证 (30) 3县级配置及用户的迁移 (35) 3.1 配置过程及验证 (35)

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试述数据模型的概念

试述数据模型的概念,数据模型的作用和数据模型的三个要素: 答案: 模型是对现实世界的抽象。在数据库技术中,表示实体类型及实体类型间联系的模型称为“数据模型”。 数据模型是数据库管理的教学形式框架,是用来描述一组数据的概念和定义,包括三个方面: 1、概念数据模型(Conceptual Data Model):这是面向数据库用户的实现世界的数据模型,主要用来描述世界的概念化结构,它使数据库的设计人员在设计的初始阶段,摆脱计算机系统及DBMS的具体技术问题,集中精力分析数据以及数据之间的联系等,与具体的DBMS 无关。概念数据模型必须换成逻辑数据模型,才能在DBMS中实现。 2、逻辑数据模型(Logixal Data Model):这是用户从数据库所看到的数据模型,是具体的DBMS所支持的数据模型,如网状数据模型、层次数据模型等等。此模型既要面向拥护,又要面向系统。 3、物理数据模型(Physical Data Model):这是描述数据在储存介质上的组织结构的数据模型,它不但与具体的DBMS有关,而且还与操作系统和硬件有关。每一种逻辑数据模型在实现时都有起对应的物理数据模型。DBMS为了保证其独立性与可移植性,大部分物理数据模型的实现工作又系统自动完成,而设计者只设计索引、聚集等特殊结构。 数据模型的三要素: 一般而言,数据模型是严格定义的一组概念的集合,这些概念精确地描述了系统的静态特征(数据结构)、动态特征(数据操作)和完整性约束条件,这就是数据模型的三要素。 1。数据结构 数据结构是所研究的对象类型的集合。这些对象是数据库的组成成分,数据结构指对象和对象间联系的表达和实现,是对系统静态特征的描述,包括两个方面: (1)数据本身:类型、内容、性质。例如关系模型中的域、属性、关系等。 (2)数据之间的联系:数据之间是如何相互关联的,例如关系模型中的主码、外码联系等。 2 。数据操作 对数据库中对象的实例允许执行的操作集合,主要指检索和更新(插入、删除、修改)两类操作。数据模型必须定义这些操作的确切含义、操作符号、操作规则(如优先级)以及实现操作的语言。数据操作是对系统动态特性的描述。 3 。数据完整性约束 数据完整性约束是一组完整性规则的集合,规定数据库状态及状态变化所应满足的条件,以保证数据的正确性、有效性和相容性。

动态交通流分配浅析

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预警信息发布管理制度范本

内部管理制度系列 预警信息发布制度(标准、完整、实用、可修改)

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情或准备不足的的情况下发生,从而最大程度的减低危害所造成的损失的行为。 3.2报告 报告是向上级机关汇报工作、反映情况、提出意见或者建议,答复上级机关的询问。 4职责 4.1综合部职责 负责与当地气象、水利、林业、地震等相关部门沟通联系,及时获取各类应急信息。 4.2生技部职责 根据各类应急信息制定、落实相对应应急措施。每月对预警信息发布工具、器材、仪器进行检查、补充。 5管理内容与要求 5.1预警信息发布要准确、及时、客观、全面,最大限度预防和减少各类突发事件的发生及其造成的危害,保障员工生命健康,维护公司财产安全,确保安全生产。 5.2应急管理办公室及有关职能部门,在突发事件即将发生或发生的可能性增大,应当根据职责权限和程序要求,

交通流元胞自动机模型综述

第23卷 第1期2006年1月 公 路 交 通 科 技 Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development Vol .23 No .1 Jan .2006 文章编号:1002-0268(2006)01-0110-05 收稿日期:2004-09-27 作者简介:郑英力(1971-),女,福建宁德人,讲师,研究方向为交通控制与仿真.(z hengyl71@s ina .com ) 交通流元胞自动机模型综述 郑英力,翟润平,马社强 (中国人民公安大学 交通管理工程系,北京 102623) 摘要:随着交通流模拟的需要及智能交通系统的发展,出现了基于元胞自动机理论的交通流模型。交通流元胞自动机模型由一系列车辆运动应遵守的运动规则和交通规则组成,并且包含驾驶行为、外界干扰等随机变化规则。文章介绍了交通流元胞自动机模型的产生与发展,总结和评述了国内外各种元胞自动机模型,并对元胞自动机模型的发展提出展望。 关键词:元胞自动机;交通流;微观模拟;模型中图分类号:U491.1+23 文献标识码:A Survey of Cellular Automata Model of Traffic Flow ZH ENG Ying -li ,ZH AI Run -p ing ,MA She -q iang (Department of Traffic Management Engineering ,Chinese People 's Public Security University ,Beijing 102623,China )Abstract :With the increas ing demand of traffic flow si mulation and the development of ITS research ,the traffic flow model based on cellular automata has been developed .Cellular automata model of traffic flow incorporates a series of vehicle movement rules and traffic regulations .Meanwhile ,the model works under some stochastic rules takin g into consideration of drivers 'behaviors and ambient interfer -ences .This paper introduces the establishment and development of cellular automata model of traffic flow ,su mmarizes and comments on different kinds of typical cellular automata models of traffic flow ,and furthermore ,presents a new perspective for further stud y of the model . Key words :Cellular automata ;Traffic flow ;Microscopic simulation ;Model 0 引言 交通流理论是运用物理学和数学定律来描述交通特性的理论。经典的交通流模型主要有概率统计模 型、车辆跟驰模型、流体动力学模型、车辆排队模型等 [1] 。20世纪90年代,随着交通流模拟的需要及智 能交通系统的发展,人们开始尝试将物理学中的元胞自动机(Cellular Automata ,简称CA )理论应用到交通领域,出现了交通流元胞自动机模型。 交通流C A 模型的主要优点是:(1)模型简单,特别易于在计算机上实现。在建立模型时,将路段分 为若干个长度为L 的元胞,一个元胞对应一辆或几辆汽车,或是几个元胞对应一辆汽车,每个元胞的状态或空或是其容纳车辆的速度,每辆车都同时按照所建立的规则运动。这些规则由车辆运动应遵守的运动规则和交通规则组成,并且包含驾驶行为、外界干扰等随机变化规则。(2)能够再现各种复杂的交通现象,反映交通流特性。在模拟过程中人们通过考察元胞状态的变化,不仅可以得到每一辆车在任意时刻的速度、位移以及车头时距等参数,描述交通流的微观特性,还可以得到平均速度、密度、流量等参数,呈现交通流的宏观特性。

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