文学翻译unit 5《修辞格的翻译方法》
第五章修辞格的翻译方法
研究汉英修辞格之间的比较与翻译，对我们进一步研究汉英两种修辞学和英汉互译，尤其是文学翻译，都有着十分积极的意义。原文作者在文章中使用修辞手法，是为了使语言更加形象生动，鲜明突出；或者使语言更加整齐匀称，音调铿锵，以便更深入地阐明事件的意义或刻画人物的性格。因此，译文中若不能正确表现原文的修辞格，就不能准确地表达作者的思想和文风，就不符合“忠实、通顺”的翻译标准。为了对原文保持最大限度的忠实，我们对任何一种修辞都要采取一定的处理方法，尽一切可能把原文的修辞美传达给译文读者。
从翻译的角度，修辞可以划分为三类：可译、难译、不能译。首先，对于可译的修辞格，尽可能直译。属于直译范围的修辞格是我们平时使用最为频繁的，在汉英两种语言里都有对应的修辞格，这类修辞格通常在在语义上做文章，因而容易翻译。绝大多数英语修辞格都能找到与之相对应的汉语修辞格，它们在结构上和修辞作用上都彼此十分相似，因而是可译的。
一、可译：直译
1. Simile, Metaphor, Hyperbole and personification
Simile 明喻英语中的simile和汉语明喻基本格式相同，本体和喻体之间都出现喻词“像、好像、比如、仿佛、好比、像…一样、如…一般”或“Like, as, as if, as though, as…as”，所以一般情况下，可以照直翻译。比如：“as busy as bee，as brave as lion，as cheerful as a
lark，as black as crow，as sharp as knife”。
Example 1:
她的脸色苍白而带光泽，仿佛大理石似的；一双眼睛又黑又大，在暗淡的囚房中，宝石似的闪着晶莹的光。（杨沫，《青春之歌》）
Her face was pale and yet as lustrous as marble, and her large, black eyes sparkled like jewels in that murky cell.
但是由于文化差异导致某些喻体联想意义的不同，因而不能墨守原文的修辞手法，比如“As cool as a cucumber，As sharp as a needle，As tight as a drum，As sure as a gun”。
Metaphor (隐喻) 英汉暗喻都不露比喻痕迹，把“甲”直接说成是“乙”或变成了“乙”。常用的词有“是、变成、变为、成为、成了、当作”或者“Be, become, turn into”
Example 2:
Passion was to go to sleep in the presence of Mrs. General and blood was to change to milk and water. (Dickens. Little Dorrit)
在杰纳勒尔夫人跟前，一个人的激情会变得麻木不仁，热血也会变成掺了水的牛奶。Example 3:
何等动人的一页又一页篇章！这是人类思维的花朵。（徐迟，《哥德巴赫猜想》）
What inspiring chapters! They are the flowers of the human brainwork.
Hyperbole (夸张) 有意夸大或缩小事物的某一方面，从而获得更好的表达效果,英汉中都常常用到，可以直译。
Example 4:
突然，在我们头顶五六丈的上空，发出一声可怕的霹雳，闪电像利剑一样直插下来，天空被彻底吹裂了，震碎了！（叶蔚林，《在没有航标的河流上》）
All of a sudden, there came a terrible thunder-clap about fifty feet directly above our heads, and a blot thrust downward like a sharp sword. The sky was brought into pieces.
Personification (拟人) 把人以外无生命之物或有生命之物当作人来写。
Example 5:
“Don?t talk to me about no opportunity anymore. Opportunity?s knocking down every door in the country, trying to get in. When I was young, a man had to go out and find opportunity and drag it home by the ears.” (Kurt V onnegut, Tom Edison?s Shaggy Dog)
“休说什么机会难逢。机会正在国内每家每户敲门，想要进去呢。我年轻那会儿，人们得出门去寻找机会，揪着耳朵把它拖回来。
2. Euphemism, Metonymy, Ellipsis and Periphrasis
Euphemism(委婉语) 用委婉词来回避令人不愉快的词句，英语和汉语里都有，可以直译。Example 6：
尤氏道：“我也暗暗地叫人预备了。——就是那件东西，不得好木头，且慢慢地办着罢。”（曹雪芹，《红楼梦》，第十一回）
“I?ve secretly sent people to get things prepared. But they haven?t found good wood for that thing yet, so we have to wait.”
Example 7：
His daughter is rather weak in the head.他女儿脑子不太好使。
Metonymy一般分三种：借人或事物的特征或标志来代指人或事物；借人或事物有关的工具或材料代指人或事物；借与人或事物有关的所属或所在歹势人或事物。英汉语中都有这一修辞手法，可以直译。
Example 8：
秃头站在白背心的略略正对面，弯了腰，去研究背心上的文字。（鲁迅，《示众》）
Baldy, standing almost directly opposite White Jerkin, stooped to study the characters written on his jerkin.
Example 9：
Paper and ink cut the throats of men, and sound of a breath may shake the world.
纸墨能割断人的喉咙，嗓音能震动整个世界。
但由于英汉两种语言不同的习惯表达方法，有时意译更为合适：比如“Great minds think alike”译成“英雄所见略同”，把“Grey hair should be respected”译成“老年人应受到尊敬”。Ellipsis(省略) 英汉语里都有，且运用上没什么差别（一般出现在口语体和非正式文体中），可以直译。
Example 10:
“When did he say this?”
“At the playground. And walking home. Yesterday.”
“他什么时候说这话的？”
“在广场上。昨天回家的路上。”
但要注意英语里另一种省略形式—Asyndeton（连词省略）比如，“They smiled, shook hands, parted.”可以译成“他们微微一笑，相互握手，分手告别。”
Periphrasis(折绕) 有话不直说，却故意绕个弯子，用迂回曲折的话来代替的一种修辞方式。Example 11:
“孔乙己，你脸色又添上新伤疤了！”（鲁迅《孔乙己》）
“Kong YIji! You?ve got fresh scars on your face!”
Example 12:
His olfactory system was suffering from a temporary inconvenience.
她的嗅觉系统暂时有些不便。
3. Hypallage, irony, parallelism
Hypallage，transferred epithet (移就)：把本来用以修饰人的形容词移属于与人有关的抽象物或具体物，这种貌似错误、实为妙用的修辞格就叫移就。这一词格在英汉两种语言里都有，一般能直译，见下例：
Example 15:
然而悲惨的皱纹，却也从他的眉头和嘴角出现了（《鲁迅全集》）。
Miserable wrinkles began to appear between his eye-brows and round his mouth.
Irony(反语) 使用同本意完全相反的词句来表达本意，明显含有嘲弄讽刺的意义，从而使本体更加突出。
Example 15:
根据报纸上官方介绍，他是天底下头等大好人，浑身上下毫无缺点，连肚脐眼都没有（宗福先《于无声处》）。
According to the official write-up in the papers, he?s the best man in the world. He doesn?t have a single defect in his whole body. Why, he doesn?t even have a belly-button!
Parallelism(排比)
Example 16:
The seed you sow, another keeps; 你播撒的种子，别人收；
The wealth you find, another keeps; 你发现的财富，别人留；
The robes you weave, another wears; 你编织的衣服，别人穿；
The arms you forge, another bears. 你铸造的武器，别人用。
二、难译：意译
直译法仅限于在用词和修辞结构上与原文一致情况下使用。由于英汉两个民族的历史沿革、风俗习惯和思维方式各不相同。在这种情况下，就需要采用意译。我们可以通过增加词语、引申词意、转换修辞格或转换比喻形象等方法来确切地表达原文修辞格所表现的感染力。此外，还有不少修辞是利用各自语言的特点而形成的，无法直译，只好改换意译，将原文的内涵再现出来。
析数：利用数字相乘或相加，把一个大数拆成若干个小数来说。英语里物此固定的修辞，因而翻译难度较大，但是有些还是可以直译的，比如例17.
Example 17: 阿舒已二八，懒惰故无匹。（陶渊明《责子》）
A-shu is twice eight, For laziness he has no equal.
Example 18: 三五中秋夕，清游拟上元。（《红楼梦》）
Mid-autumn?s fifteenth night is here aga in. As on the Feast of Lanterns we stroll round. 双关利用语言中一词两义、一语两义或两词同音现象，表达双重意义，表面上说甲，实际上说乙，言此意彼，或两义都要，这就是双关。汉语的一语双关通常很难译成英语，常常需要“两语双关”才能把意思表达清楚，看下例：
Example 19:
东边日出西边雨，The west is veiled in rain,
道是无晴却有晴。the east basks in sunshine,
My beloved is as deep in love
as the day is fine.
Example 20:
春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干。
The silk worm till its death spins silk from love-sick heart;
The candle only when burnt has no tears to shed.
顶真（Anadiplosis）
Example 21:
有个农村叫张家庄，张家庄有个张木匠。张木匠有个好老婆，外号叫“小飞蛾”。小飞蛾生了个女儿叫艾艾。（赵树理《登记》）
There was a village called Zhangjia Village, where lived Carpenter Zhang, who had a good wife, nicknamed Little Moth, who gave birth to a girl called Ai?ai.
Example 22: He gave his life; life was all he could give.
他奉献了自己的生命；生命是他能奉献的一切。
Zeugma（轭式搭配法，拈连）
Example 23:
Ship-owners fear that saving jobs in Britain?s ailing shipyard comes before saving its merchant fleet. (Andrew Neil. Britannia Rules the Waves)
船主们担心英国把在奄奄一息的造船厂中保证就业看得比拯救商船队更重要。
oxymoron（矛盾修辞法）它是用两个意思正好相反的词或词组来构成一个修辞格，其作用是揭示一件事物的矛盾性，同时也是造成一种出人意外的、引人入胜的效果。
Example 24:
The Major again pressed to his blue eyes the tips of the fingers that were disposed on the edge of the wheeled chair with careful carelessness.(Charles Dickens. Dombey And Son)
少校用一种精心做出的漫不经心的姿态再次把原来的轮椅边上的指尖按住自己的蓝眼睛。倒装（anastrophe）
Example 25:
屈原：“鼓动吧，风！咆哮吧，雷！闪耀吧，电！把一切沉睡在黑暗怀里的东西，毁灭，毁灭，毁灭呀！（郭沫若《屈原》）
Qu Yuan: Blow, wind! Roll, thunder! Flash, lightning! Destroy all things that slumber in darkness, destroy them utterly!
Example 26: So beautifully did she sing that the audience burst into applause.
她唱得美妙动听，全体听众都为她鼓掌。
反复（repetition）
Example 27: 争渡，争渡，惊起一滩鸥鹭。（李清照《如梦令》）
I struggle and struggle out of the tangle. I thus alarmed a beach of herons and gulls.
A thin man in a thin overcoat watched them out of thin, emotionless eyes.
三、不可译：尽量弥补
有不少修辞是利用各自语言的特点而形成的，比如中文是表意字，因而可以形成“联边”、“析字”、“镶字”等修辞手法；英文是表音词，因而可以形成“头韵”这一特殊修辞法。这些修辞格一般在字形、字音、词性、词的结构、字的排列上做文章，而这些特点是无法传达到译文中去的。只能尽可能的加以补救，如换格、加脚注。
alliteration (头韵)
Example 28:
It was splendid population—for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloth stayed at home.(Noel Grove. Mark Twain—Mirror of America)
这里的人们是了不起的，——因为所有那些行动迟缓、昏昏欲睡、蠢笨如牛的人都留在家乡
了。
联边
三字同头左右友，三字同旁沽清酒，
今日幸会左右友，聊表寸心沽清酒。
三字同头官宦家，三字同旁绸缎纱，
若非当朝官宦家，谁人配穿绸缎纱。
三字同头哭骂咒，三字同旁狼狐狗，
山野声声哭骂咒，只道道多狼狐狗。
回文
客上天然居，居然天上客人过大佛寺，寺佛大过人
A: Madam, I?m Adam.
B: Sir, I?m Iris.
Example 29: 科学需要社会主义，社会主义更需要科学。
Science is in need of socialism, while socialism is in greater need of science.
镶字
芦花滩上有扁舟，
俊杰黄昏独自游；
义到尽头原是命，
反躬逃难必无忧。（《水浒传》）
析字（Anagram）
Example 30:
张俊民道：“胡子老官，这事在你作法便了。做成了，少不得…言身寸?。”王胡子道：“我那个要你谢！……”（《儒林外史》）
“Handle it as you think best, Whiskers. If you pull it off, I?ll not fail to thank you.” “As if I wanted tha nks from you!…”
叠词
寻寻觅觅，
冷冷清清，
凄凄惨惨戚戚。
I see but seek in vain,
I search and search again:
I feel so sad, so drear,
So lonely, without cheer.(许渊冲)
综上所述，在翻译中处理英语的修辞格，应当尽可能采用结构相同，含义也一致的汉语词句，以保持原文的思想和风格。若做不到这一点，就要采取加词、引申、改变修辞格，或更换比喻形象的办法，来保持原文的语言表现力和感染力。
九年级课文翻译完整版
九年级课文翻译 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】
人教版初中英语九年级U n i t3课文翻译 SectionA2d 何伟：这是欢乐时光公园——我所在城市最大的游乐园！ 艾丽斯：要尝试一些乘骑项目，我好兴奋呀！ 何伟：我们应该从哪里开始玩呢？有太空世界、水上世界、动物世界…… 艾丽斯：哦，你能先告诉我哪儿有洗手间吗？ 何伟：什么休息室你想要休息吗但是我们还没有开始玩呢！ 艾丽斯：哦，不是，我的意思不是休息间。我的意思是……你知道的，卫生间或盥洗室。何伟：嗯……那么你是指……厕所？ 艾丽斯：正是！对不起，也许“洗手间”一词在中国不常用。 何伟：对，我们通常说“厕所”或“卫生间”。就在那边。 艾丽斯：好的，我会很快的！我想知道公园今天何时关门。 何伟：九点三十，你不必着急！ SectionA3a 欢乐时光公园——永远快乐的时光 [艾丽斯和何伟在太空世界。] 艾丽斯：我想知道我们接下来应该去哪里？ 何伟：那边那个新项目怎么样？ 艾丽斯：好吧……看起来蛮吓人的。 何伟：快来吧！我保证它将激动人心！如果你害怕，只要大叫或者抓住我的手。 [云霄飞车之后……] 艾丽斯：你是对的！太有趣了！起初我好害怕，但大声喊叫还蛮管用的。 何伟：瞧，那玩意并不糟糕，对吧？某些东西你不去尝试，就绝不会知道。 艾丽斯：对，我很高兴我试过了！ 何伟：你现在想去水上世界么？ 艾丽斯：好，但我很饿。你知道我们在哪里能吃到好的快餐？ 何伟：当然！我建议在水上世界的水城餐馆，那里有美味可口的食物。 艾丽斯：好极了！我们走！ [在前往水城餐馆途中，艾丽斯和何伟经过鲍勃叔叔餐馆。] 艾丽斯：看！这家餐馆看起来蛮有趣的。这招牌上说这儿每晚有摇滚乐队演出。
新视野大学英语翻译答案
新视野大学英语翻译答案 Unit 1 一. 汉译英 1.对于网络课程，学生不仅可以选择何时何地学习，在回答问题 之前他们还可以有时间思考答案。 Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but they can also take time to think through answers before making a reply. 2.网上学习的想法使她非常兴奋，而他认为网上学习毫无疑义和 用处。 She is excited by the idea of online learning while be considers it meaningless and useless. 3.与以英语为母语的人交谈是非常有益的体验，从中我们能学到 许多东西。 Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot. 4.如今，越来越多的人可以利用互联网查找他们需要的信息。 Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need. 5.他要她放弃工作在家照顾孩子，但是她觉得这个要求太过分 了。 He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children. She feels, however, that this is too much for her. 6.既然我们已经学完这门课程，就应该多做些复习。 Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. 二. 英译汉 1.I’ll never forget the teacher who showed me that learning a foreign language could be fun and rewarding. Were it not for him, I would not be able to speak English as well as I do now. 我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有 价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。 2.No other language lets you experience the cultures of the world like English. With a strong knowledge of the English language, you can have wonderful cultural adventures
四种翻译方法,十种翻译技巧
四种翻译方法 1.直译和意译 所谓直译，就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。 每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时，就应采用意译法。意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容，但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。（张培基） 应当指出，在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下，直译有其可取之处，一方面有助于保存原著的格调，另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。 Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be used. Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.（郭著章） 直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下，在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义，求得内容和形式相符的方法。
新视野大学英语2第三版unit8 textA课文翻译.doc
Unit 8 Section A Animals or children?—A scientist's choice 动物还是孩子？——一位科学家的选择 1 I am the enemy! I am one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists involved in animal research. These rumors sting, for I have never thought of myself as an evil person. I became a children's doctor because of my love for children and my supreme desire to keep them healthy. During medical school and residency, I saw many children die of cancer and bloodshed from injury — circumstances against which medicine has made great progress but still has a long way to go. More importantly, I also saw children healthy thanks to advances in medical science such as infant breathing support, powerful new medicines and surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation. My desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy, happy children drew me to medical research. 1 我就是那个敌人！我就是那些被人诅咒的、残忍的、搞动物实验的医生科学家之一。这些谣言刺痛了我，因为我从来没想到自己是一个邪恶的人。我成为一位儿科医生，因为我爱孩子，也因为我的最大愿望是让他们保持健康。在医学院学习和住院医生实习时，我看到了许多儿童死于癌症和受伤流血——虽然对此医学正取得很大进步，但远非完善。更重要的是，我还看到孩子们能保持健康得益于医学的进步，如婴儿呼吸支持器，功效强大的新药物和外科手术技术及整个器官移植领域的发展。我希望孩子们健康快乐，这促使我从事医学研究。 2 My accusers have twisted the truth into a fable and cast me as the devil. They claim that I have no moral compass, that I torture innocent animals for the sole purpose of career advancement, and that my experiments have no relevance to medicine. Meanwhile, an uncaring public barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance, and publicity-conscious senators and politicians increasingly give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists. 2 控诉我的人把真相歪曲成一则神话，并把我描写成恶魔。他们声称我没有道德界限，我折磨那些无辜动物的唯一目的就是为了自己的职业升迁，而我的实验根本与医药毫不相关。与此同时，无动于衷的公众几乎不闻不问，相信这个议题毫无意义，而具有宣传意识的参议员和政治家们却对动物权利活动家的游说不断作出让步。 3We,in medical research,have also been unbelievably uncaring.We have allowed the most extr eme animal rights protesters to creep in and frame the issue as one of"animal fraud"and hatred. We have persisted in our belief that a knowledgeable public would consent to the importance of animal research for public health.Perhaps we have been mistaken in not responding to the emoti onal tone of the argument.Perhaps we should have responded to those sad slogans and posters of animals by waving equally sad posters of children dying of cancer or external wounds. 3我们这些从事医学研究的人也显得令人难以置信的冷漠。我们允许最极端的动物权利活动家渐渐侵入，任凭他们把此类研究诬陷为“动物欺诈”和对动物的仇恨。我们一直坚信，有知识的公众会赞同动物研究对公众健康的重要性。也许我们的错误是没有对这场争论的感性基调作出反应。也许我们早应该挥动着儿童死于癌症或外伤的同样令人伤心的海报，来回应那些关于动物受害的伤感标语及海报。 4In the animal rights forum,much is made of the volume of pain these animals experience in the name of medical science.Activists deny that we are trying to help and say it is evidence of our ev il and cruel nature.A more reasonable argument,however,can be advanced in our defense.Life i
九年级英语unit课文翻译
九年级英语u n i t课文 翻译 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】
unit3 Could you please tell me where the restroom are ? sectionA 2d 何伟：这就是欢乐时代公园——我们这座城市最大的游乐园。 爱丽丝：就要玩各种游乐项目了，我好兴奋呀！ 何伟：我们先玩那样呢？有太空世界、水世界、动物世界…. 爱丽丝：在我们决定前，麻烦你先告诉我哪儿有洗手间吗？ 何伟：什么？休息室？你想要休息了？我们可还没有开始玩呢！ 爱丽丝：不是的，我不是指休息的地方。我是说…..你知 道，一间洗手间或卫生间。 何伟：嗯….那么你是指….卫生间吗？ 爱丽丝：对啦！不好意思，也许中国人说英语不常用 restroom这个词。 何伟：就是的，我们常说toilets 或washroom 。不过，厕所在哪里。 爱丽丝：知道了，我一会儿就好！ 何伟：没问题，你不必赶的。 Section A 3a 欢乐时代公园————总是欢乐时光 [ 爱丽丝和何伟在太空世界] 爱丽丝：我不知道我们接下来该去哪里。
何伟：去玩玩那边那个新项目怎样？ 爱丽丝：啊…..看上去挺吓人的。 何伟：勇敢些！我保证会很好玩！如果害怕就喊出来或抓住我的手。 【乘坐后…..】 爱丽丝：你是对的，这真好玩！我起先有些害怕，但喊叫真管用。何伟：瞧：这并不糟糕，对吧？你需要去尝试，否则永远不会知道你能行。 爱丽丝：是这样的，我真高兴自己尝试了这个项目。 何伟：现在你想去水世界吗？ 爱丽丝：当然，但我饿了。你知道哪里有又好吃又快的地方？ 何伟：当然知道！我建议去水世界的水城餐馆他们做得很好吃。爱丽丝：太好了，我们去吧！ 何伟：[在去水城餐馆的路上，爱丽丝与何伟路过鲍勃叔叔的餐厅]爱丽丝：你瞧！这间餐厅看上去很有意思。牌子上写着有个摇滚乐队每晚在演奏。 何伟：我们为何不回头过来在这吃晚饭？咱们去问一下乐队演出几点开始。 【爱丽丝和何伟向门口的员工走去】 爱丽丝：劳驾，请问你们乐队今天晚上何时开始演奏？ 何伟：八点。那时人总是很多，所以得来早一点才有桌子。 爱丽丝：好的，谢谢！
新视野大学英语3翻译汉译英
U1 无论你是多么富有经验的演说家，无论你做了多么充分的准备，你都会很难在这样嘈杂的招待会上发表演讲。No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception. 就像吉米妹妹的朋友都关心吉米一样，吉米也关心他们。Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them. 汽车生产商在新车的几处都印有汽车识别号码，以便帮助找回被盗的车辆。Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles. 老师回来的时候你敢告我状的话，我就不再和你说话了。If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more. 有些老年人愿意独自过日子，但大多数老人选择和儿女一起生活。Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children. 我现在需要面对的事情是：如何筹集创建公司所需的资金。Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company. UNIT2 被告是一位年仅30岁的女子，她坚持称自己无罪。The defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence. 总体看来，枣，豆类以及一些多叶的绿色蔬菜是最好的铁质来源。All tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron. 正餐时不供应饮料，饮料会影响消化。No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion. 考虑到那个地区受欢迎的程度，提前订旅馆是明智的。Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. 服药后若有呕吐感，请立即停止服用并尽快咨询医生。If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible. 总结这次讨论时，他说双方都要好好考虑怎样以最有效地方法来解决这一问题。Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem. UNIT4 从各方面讨论，这座城市都是世界上最令人激动的城市。Everything considered, this city is the world’s most exciting city. 尽管没有得到父母的赞同，他还是继续他的计划出国学习。Though with no approval from his parents, he went ahead with his plan to study abroad. 这座桥是以一位英雄的名字命名的，这位英雄为人民的事业献出了生命。The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people. 据说，画家是以他母亲为模特的。他母亲的面容沧桑却不失坚定。It is said that the painter used his mother as the model in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength. 这位作家于1950年因出版一本小说而成名，小说的灵感来自他和一位姑娘来自农场的经历The writer instantly rose to fame in 1950 with the publication of a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on a farm. 有个故事说，US山姆大叔的缩写，它曾和一名男子一起工作，这名男子和美国政府签订了一份合同，给军队提供肉食。One story says that “US”was short for “Uncle Sam”whose real name was Sam Wilson, who had once worked with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the US Army. UNIT5 直到看见弥留之际看见躺在场上的母亲，他才意识到自己是多么地爱她。Not until he saw his mother lying in bed, dying, did he realize how much he loved her. 考虑到他最近的身体状况，我认为他这次考试成绩还不错。Taking into account of his recent physical condition, I think he has done quite well in the exam. 克拉克夫人躺在床上一动不动，一时间我都纳闷她是否活着。Mrs. Clark lies in bed motionless, and I wondered briefly if she is still alive. 整栋楼一片漆黑，只有三楼的某个窗户透出一丝光。The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-storey window. 这些士兵接受了严格的训练，并对完成这项新任务有充分的准备。These soldiers have received very strict training and are well equipped to fulfill the new task.
全新版第二版第一册unit8课文翻译电子教案
全新版第二版第一册u n i t8课文翻译
A fable for tomorrow (Rachel Carson) There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings. 从前在美国中心有一个小镇，那里的万物看上去都与其四周的环境融洽相处。小镇的四周是像棋盘交错的生意盎然的农庄，还有一块块的田地和一座座遍布山坡的果园。春天来了，白色的鲜花云彩般地漂浮在田野上；秋天到了，橡树、枫树和桦树色彩斑斓，在一片松树林间火焰般地燃烧与跳跃。小山上狐狸吠叫，田野间小鹿静静地跃过，所有的一切都在秋天清晨的薄雾中半隐半现。 Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder, great ferns and wildflowers delighted the traveler's eye through much of the year. Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and fall people traveled from great distances to observe them. Others came to fish the streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout lay. So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells, and built their barns. 在路的两旁，一年中许多时候，月桂树、荚莲、桤木、蕨类植物和各样的野花都能让过往的行人赏心悦目。即使是冬天，路边的景色依旧是美不胜收，那里无数的小鸟来觅取浆果莓和露在雪地上的枯枝上的种子。事实上，这乡村正是由于鸟类的数量和种类之繁多而出名的。在候鸟群潮涌而来的春秋季节，人们从大老远的地方慕名前来欣赏。还有的人来这里的小溪垂钓。清冽的溪水从山中流出，溪水中有许多鳟鱼藏身的背阴的水潭。所以，从许多年前开始，第一批居住者就在这里盖房挖井，搭起了自己的谷仓。 Then a strange blight crept over the area and everything began to change. Some evil spell had settled on the community: mysterious maladies swept the flocks of chickens; the cattle and sheep sickened and died. Everywhere was a shadow of death. The farmers spoke of much illness among their families. In the town the doctors had become more and more puzzled by new kinds of sickness appearing among their patients. There had been several sudden and unexplained deaths, not only among adults but even among children, who would be stricken suddenly while at play and die within a few hours. 后来，一种奇怪的摧毁力悄然袭击了这个地区，所有的一切都开始变了。某种邪恶的符咒笼罩了这个社区：神秘的疾病攻击了鸡群，牛、羊也纷纷病死，到处都有一层死亡的阴影。农夫们谈论
新视野大学英语3第三版课文翻译
新视野大学英语3第三版课文翻译 Unit 1 The Way to Success 课文A Never, ever give up! 永不言弃！ As a young boy, Britain's great Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, attended a public school called Harrow. He was not a good student, and had he not been from a famous family, he probably would have been removed from the school for deviating from the rules. Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the university. He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. He achieved fame for his wit, wisdom, civic duty, and abundant courage in his refusal to surrender during the miserable dark days of World War II. His amazing determination helped motivate his entire nation and was an inspiration worldwide. Toward the end of his period as prime minister, he was invited to address the patriotic young boys at his old school, Harrow. The headmaster said, "Young gentlemen, the greatest speaker of our time, will be here in a few days to address you, and you should obey whatever sound advice he may give you." The great day arrived. Sir Winston stood up, all five feet, five inches and 107 kilos of him, and gave this short, clear-cut speech: "Young men, never give up. Never give up! Never give up! Never, never, never, never!" 英国的伟大首相温斯顿·丘吉尔爵士，小时候在哈罗公学上学。当时他可不是个好学生，要不是出身名门，他可能早就因为违反纪律被开除了。谢天谢地，他总算从哈罗毕业了，在那里犯下的错误并没影响到他上大学。后来，他凭着军旅生涯中的杰出表现当选为英国首相。他的才思、智慧、公民责任感以及在二战痛苦而黑暗的时期拒绝投降的无畏勇气，为他赢得了美名。他非凡的决心，不仅激励了整个民族，还鼓舞了全世界。 在他首相任期即将结束时，他应邀前往母校哈罗公学，为满怀报国之志的同学们作演讲。校长说：“年轻的先生们，当代最伟大的演说家过几天就会来为你们演讲，他提出的任何中肯的建议，你们都要听从。”那个激动人心的日子终于到了。温斯顿爵士站了起来——他只有5 英尺5 英寸高，体重却有107 公斤。他作了言简意赅的讲话：“年轻人，要永不放弃。永不放弃！永不放弃！永不，永不，永不，永不！” Personal history, educational opportunity, individual dilemmas - none of these can inhibit a strong spirit committed to success. No task is too hard. No amount of preparation is too long or too difficult. Take the example of two of the most scholarly scientists of our age, Albert Einstein and Thomas Edison. Both faced immense obstacles and extreme criticism. Both were called "slow to learn" and written off as idiots by their teachers. Thomas Edison ran away from school because his teacher whipped him repeatedly for asking too many questions. Einstein didn't speak fluently until he was almost nine years old and was such a poor student that some thought he was unable to learn. Yet both boys' parents believed in them. They worked intensely each day with their sons, and the boys learned to never bypass the long hours of hard work that they needed to succeed. In the end, both Einstein and Edison overcame their childhood persecution and went on to achieve magnificent discoveries that benefit the entire world today. Consider also the heroic example of Abraham Lincoln, who faced substantial hardships,
高一英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析
高一英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translation: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性？(motivate) 2．网上支付方便了客户，但是牺牲了他们的隐私。(at the cost of) 3．让我的父母非常满意的是，从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园，从起居室也可以。(so) 4．博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷落，急需改善。(whose) 【答案】 1．What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering? 2．Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy. 3．To my parents’ satisfaction, the dining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room. 或者What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room. 4．This museum is not well managed, whose exhibits are covered with dust, and there are few visitors, so everything is badly in need of improvement. 或The museum whose management is reckless, whose exhibits are piled with dust and whose lobby is deserted, requires immediate improvement. 【解析】 1．motivate sb to do sth 激发某人做某事，on earth究竟，major in 以…为专业，enthusiasm/ initiative热情/积极性，故翻译为What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering? 2．online payment网上支付，brings convenience to给…带来方便，at the cost of以…为代价，privacy隐私，故翻译为Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy. 3．To my parents’ satisfaction令我父母满意的是，后者也那样so it is with。也可以用主语从句What makes my parents really satisfy 表语从句thatthey can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment。overlooks俯视，opposite the street街对面，living room 起居室。故翻译为To my parents’ satisfaction, the dining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room.或者What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room. 4．not well managed/ management is reckless疏于管理，be covered with dust/ be piled with dust被灰尘覆盖，few visitors游客稀少，be badly in need of improvement/ requires immediate improvement亟需改善。故翻译为his museum is not well managed, whose exhibits
全新版第二版第一册unit8课文翻译讲课教案
A fable for tomorrow (Rachel Carson) There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings. 从前在美国中心有一个小镇，那里的万物看上去都与其四周的环境融洽相处。小镇的四周是像棋盘交错的生意盎然的农庄，还有一块块的田地和一座座遍布山坡的果园。春天来了，白色的鲜花云彩般地漂浮在田野上；秋天到了，橡树、枫树和桦树色彩斑斓，在一片松树林间火焰般地燃烧与跳跃。小山上狐狸吠叫，田野间小鹿静静地跃过，所有的一切都在秋天清晨的薄雾中半隐半现。 Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder, great ferns and wildflowers delighted the traveler's eye through much of the year. Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and fall people traveled from great distances to observe them. Others came to fish the streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout lay. So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells, and built their barns. 在路的两旁，一年中许多时候，月桂树、荚莲、桤木、蕨类植物和各样的野花都能让过往的行人赏心悦目。即使是冬天，路边的景色依旧是美不胜收，那里无数的小鸟来觅取浆果莓和露在雪地上的枯枝上的种子。事实上，这乡村正是由于鸟类的数量和种类之繁多而出名的。在候鸟群潮涌而来的春秋季节，人们从大老远的地方慕名前来欣赏。还有的人来这里的小溪垂钓。清冽的溪水从山中流出，溪水中有许多鳟鱼藏身的背阴的水潭。所以，从许多年前开始，第一批居住者就在这里盖房挖井，搭起了自己的谷仓。 Then a strange blight crept over the area and everything began to change. Some evil spell had settled on the community: mysterious maladies swept the flocks of chickens; the cattle and sheep sickened and died. Everywhere was a shadow of death. The farmers spoke of much illness among their families. In the town the doctors had become more and more puzzled by new kinds of sickness appearing among their patients. There had been several sudden and unexplained deaths, not only among adults but even among children, who would be stricken suddenly while at play and die within a few hours. 后来，一种奇怪的摧毁力悄然袭击了这个地区，所有的一切都开始变了。某种邪恶的符咒笼罩了这个社区：神秘的疾病攻击了鸡群，牛、羊也纷纷病死，到处都有一层死亡的阴影。农夫们谈论着家中的许多疾病；镇上的医生也越来越因病人中出现的新的病症而感到迷惑。在成人和孩子中发生了好几起突发的不明其由的死亡，那些孩子在玩耍中突然病倒，几小时后就死去了。 There was a strange stillness. The birds, for example - where had they gone? Many people spoke of them, puzzled and disturbed. The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted. The few birds seen anywhere were moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly. It was a spring without voices. On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of robins, catbirds, doves, jays, wrens, and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound; only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh 这里是一派奇怪的寂静。就说鸟儿们吧---它们都去哪儿了？许多人说起鸟儿的时候都充满了迷惑与不安。他们后院的饲养站已经没有鸟儿光顾了。随处能见到的几只鸟都奄奄一息。他们猛烈地颤抖，却飞不起来。这是一个无声的春天。曾经是震动着画眉鸟、猫鸟、鸽子、樫鸟、欧鹪和许多鸟儿的黎明合唱声的清晨如今却寂然无声。田野间、树林中和沼泽地里也是一片寂静。 On the farms the hens brooded, but no chicks hatched. The farmers complained that they were unable to raise any pigs - the litters were small and the young survived only a few days. The apple trees were coming into bloom but no bees droned among the blossoms, so there was no pollination and there would be no fruit. 在农庄，母鸡下蛋却孵不出小鸡。农夫们抱怨无法养猪，因为刚生下的猪崽太小了，小猪也只能活几天的功夫。苹果树开花了，可是没有蜜蜂在花丛中嗡嗡地采蜜，没有蜜蜂的授粉，也就没有任何果子。 The roadsides, once so attractive, were now lined with browned and withered vegetation as though swept by fire. These, too, were silent, deserted by all living things. Even the streams were now lifeless. Anglers no longer visited them,