高级英语修辞手法simile

高级英语修辞手法simile
高级英语修辞手法simile

1、生动形象的Simile (明喻)

英语辞格simile (明喻)是一种最简单、最常用的修辞方法,也是运用最为广泛的一种修辞手段。在文学作品中尤其如此。《文学词汇词典》(A Dictionary of Literary Terms)对明喻是这样定义的:

A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another, in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image. It is explicit comparison (as opposed to the metaphor where comparison is implicit) recognizable by the use of words “like” or “as”.

这个定义对明喻的界定既有权威性又有普遍性,许多论述英语修辞的书籍或文章在讲到明喻时,其叙述都没有超出这个概念。

根据定义,明喻是一种表现一事物像另一事物的修辞格。说得通俗点,也就是打比方,即把要描述的事物——本体(A)用比喻词与另一种具有鲜明的同一特征的事物——喻体(B)联系起来。常用的比喻词有 as(如), like(像), seem(似乎), as if (好像), as though(好像), such as(像……一样)等。其基本格式是“A is like B”或“A is as…as B”。 Simile在英语中应用得很广泛,用以状物、写景、抒情、喻理,可收到生动形象,简单明了,新鲜有趣的修辞效果。先看引自《大学英语·精读》(笔者按:系指董亚芬总主编的大学英语系列教材(College English)中的《精读(Intensive Reading 1-6册)》[修订本],上海外语教育出版社,1997。下同)中的几个例子。

The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (Book 1, Unit 3)

支票像只断了翅膀的小鸟似的飘落在地板上。

一位孤苦伶仃的老人在生日那天,满心欢喜地期待她的女儿来给她祝寿,至少给她寄一份生日礼物,最终等到的却是一张冷冰冰的支票。此句形象地描述了老人收到支票后的心情——她多么失望,就让那张令她伤心的支票随它去吧!这个明喻的比喻词是like。

Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit we cannot flower and grow without it. (Book 2, Unit 10)

对于人的精神来说,赞扬就像阳光一样:没有它我们便不能开花生长。

作者借助明喻形象地说明了赞扬的作用,赞扬对于人的精神如阳光对于生命一样重要,对于我们来说是不可或缺的。此句的比喻词也是like。

He looked at me with an air of surprised disappointed, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlace were undone. (Book 2, Unit 4)

他带着一种吃惊的,不以为然的神态看着我,就像一位上校看着一名没系好靴带的列兵一样。

这句话传神地刻画出校长对于“我”这位求职者傲慢自大,不屑一顾的神气。这句用的比喻词是as。

英语中有许多谚语包含着美妙的明喻,闪烁着语言艺术的光彩。这些谚语多数以like和 as作比喻词。例如:

Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit.

有天资而无学识,好比树木不结果实。

Choose an author as you choose a friend.

择书如择友。

Credit lost is like a Venice-glass broke.

信誉丧失,犹如破镜难圆。

Use a book as a bee does flowers.

读书如蜜蜂采花。

明喻通常表示本体和喻体之间的相似性,从而道出两种事物之间的关联。由于这个原因明喻常用于广告语言中,能使我们了解商品,给我们具体、形象的概念,读来颇感亲切,易于为大众所接受。如下面这则衣服广告:

Light as a breeze, soft as a cloud.

轻盈如微风,柔软似白云。

这则广告中两个明喻的运用,把衣服的质地感和穿着的舒适感体现出来了,使广告的魅力倍增,谁会不为之慷慨解囊呢?

Cool as a mountain stream…cool fresh Consulate.

凉爽如山间清泉……清凉甘爽的Consulate香烟。

这是Consulate 牌香烟的广告。广告将该香烟比作山间溪流,言下之意是,Consulate 牌香烟犹如山间溪流那样清新、甘爽、提神、醒脑……通过比喻把该烟的特点表现的淋漓尽致,使人难以忘怀。

另外,值得注意的是英语中有许多成语含有明喻,其结构为as + 形容词+ as +名词(第一个as可省略)。例如:

(as) blind as a bat 目光如豆

(as) cool as cucumber 泰然自若

(as) cold as a marble 冷若冰霜

(as) busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙

(as) firm as a rock 坚如磐石

(as) light as a feather 轻如鸿毛

(as) mute as an oyster 噤若寒蝉

(as) strong as horse 健壮如牛

用些含明喻的成语用like构成。例如:

like a duck to water 如鱼得水

like a hen on a hot griddle 像热锅上的蚂蚁

like a cat in a hole 瓮中之鳖

以上是明喻最典型的体现格式:A is like B. 和A is as…as B.

英语中的明喻可以多种格式体现,其他的格式或句型还有:

1、虚拟句型最常见的是用as if或as though作比喻词,另外还有其他一些形式。例如:

My handwriting looks as if a swarm of ants, escaping from an ink bottle, had walked over a sheet of paper without wiping their legs.

(Sydney Smith )

我的笔迹,看来就像一大群蚂蚁从墨水里逃出来,没有把脚抹干净就在纸上四散奔跑过似的。

笔迹像蚂蚁爬的痕迹,比喻得恰如其分。

…and the fattest woman I have ever seen in my life dozing in a straight-backed chair. It was as if a sack of grain was supported by a matchbox.

……还有一位我生平所未曾见过最胖的女人坐在一把直背椅子上打瞌睡,那简直就像一口袋粮食放在一个火柴盒上一样。

“一口袋粮食放在一个火柴盒上”比喻(含夸张)得多么生动。

The dogs were in full cry, their noses down, their tails up, so close together that they might have been one great yellow and white moving carpet.

那群狗吠叫着追猎,低着头,翘着尾巴,一条挨着一条,看上去就像一块黄白交织的活动的大地毯。

本句也是虚拟句型的明喻,词组so…that起比喻词的作用,连接本体和喻体。

She looked both young and aging, as if she had just emerged from an illness of some crisis.

(Isacca Bashevis Singer: The Briefcase)

她看上去既老又年轻,好像是新病初愈或是刚遭了一场灾难的样子。

He was a beautiful horse that looked as though he had come out of a painting by Velasquez.

(Ernest Hemingway: For Whom the Bell Tolls)

那匹马很漂亮,像是维拉斯凯兹油画上的马变活了。

2、what型常见的句式有两种:A is to B what C is to D和 What C is to D, A is to B。例如:

Carlos Lehder was to cocaine transportation what Henry Ford was to cars.

卡洛斯·雷德与可卡因的贩运的关系,正如亨利·福特与汽车的关系。

卡洛斯·雷德是著名的哥伦比亚毒枭(Colombian drug lord),亨利·福特是美国汽车大王,本句通过喻体(福特)说明本体(雷德)。此明喻起说明的作用。

Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers.

(Bovee)

明智的表扬对于孩子的作用,就像阳光对于花朵的作用。

The pen is to a writer what the gun is to a fighter.

作家的笔犹如战士的枪。

Intellect is to the mind what sight is to the body.

智力对思想犹如视力对于身体一样重要。

在这个明喻句式中,系动词可以改用实义动词do,介词to改为 for,而成为 A does for B what C does for D 。这里what引导的是一个宾语从句。例如:

Marx did for the development of society what Darwin did for the development of the biology.

马克思对社会发展的贡献和达尔文对生物学发展的贡献一样。

第二个句式是把what从句提到句首而形成的。例如:

What the blueprint is to the builder the outline is to the writer.

提纲对于作家犹如蓝图对于建筑师一样重要。

What blood vessels are to a man’s body, that railways are to the country.

铁路对于一个国家的作用正如血管对于人体的作用。

What sculpture is to a block of marble, education is to the soul.

教育之于心灵,犹如雕刻之于大理石。

What salt is to food, that wit and humour are to conversation and literature.

妙语与幽默之于会话与文学,恰似盐对于食物一样。

以上两例中what置于句首,后面的主句一般由that连接,但也可以省去。

1、生动形象的Simile (明喻)

3、than型

Lear: … that she may feel

How sharper than a serpent’s tooth it is

To have a thankless child! Away, away!

( William Shakespeare: King Lear )

李尔:……让她也感觉到

一个负心的孩子比毒蛇的牙齿还要多么

使人痛入骨髓!去,去!

A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears.

(William M. Thackeray)

愚人之不知其愚,犹如其不能自视其耳。

We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it.

(Bernard Shaw)

我们不创造幸福便无权享受幸福,正如不创造财富也就无权享用财富一样。

Man cannot help craving for expression any more than birds can help singing.

人之不能不舒其胸襟,犹鸟之不能不啭其歌喉。

So she shows she seems the budding rose,

Yet sweeter far than is earthly flower…

(Robert Burns: A Red, Red Rose)

当她出现,看来犹如含苞的玫瑰,

但却远比尘世的花儿馥郁……

4、And 型这是一种特殊的明喻句,常见于英语谚语。其中and的作用相当于like,不可把它理解为“和”、“与”等义。例如:

A word and a stone let go cannot be recalled.

说出的话犹如抛出的石,是收不回来的。

Love and cough can not be hid.

恋爱如同咳嗽,难逃他人耳目。

Words and feather are tossed by the wind.

语言如羽毛,风刮到处飘。

Truth and roses have thorns about them.

真理如玫瑰,全身都带刺。

Kings and bears often worry their keepers.

国王和熊一样,总使照料的人坐立不安。

5、动词型

I compare his genius to a lightning flash.

我将他的天才比作闪电。

He treats his daughter as the apple in the eye.

他把女儿当作掌上明珠。

Samuel Johnson regarded a dictionary as a watch.

塞缪尔·约翰逊把词典看作钟表。

Passions are liken’d best to floods and streams;

The shallow murmur, but the deep are dumb…

激情最像洪水与溪流:

水面喧声淙淙,水底无语无声……

Sitting still, he might have been taken for a very pretty girl masquerading in male attire, but when he moved, his little agility suggested a tame panther without the claws.

(Ethel Lilian Voynich: The Gadfly)

要是静静地坐在那儿,人家准会当他是一个女扮男装的很美的姑娘;可是一行动起来,他那柔软而敏捷的姿态,就要使人联想到一只驯服的没有利爪的豹子了。

Clan in his nightshirt, his neck poked forward, his back rounded, he resembled some long white bird.

(John Galsworthy: The Man of Property)

他穿了一身睡衣,脖子向前伸出来,伛着背,那样子活像一只长身白鸟。

可引导明喻的动词还有to be similar to, consider…as…, serve…as…, honour…as, respect…as…等。

与英语simile相对应的汉语修辞格是“明喻”。汉语“明喻” 是比喻(包括明喻、隐喻和借喻)中的一种,也是最平易的一种。基本格式和英语simile完全相同,即“甲事物像乙事物”。需要加以描写刻画的事物(本体),用以比喻的事物(喻体)和比喻词都出现,明白地表示出本体和喻体的比喻关系,所以称“明喻”。常用的比喻词有:像、好像、如、犹如、仿佛……。例如:

还似旧时游上苑,车如流水马如龙。(李煜:《忆江南》)

客有吹萧者,倚歌而和之。其声呜呜然,如怨,如慕,如泣,如诉,余音袅袅,不绝如缕,舞幽壑之蛟龙,泣孤舟之嫠妇。

(苏轼:《前赤壁赋》)

我们容易伤风和妒忌,我们烦腻,心薄得像嘴唇,而嘴唇又薄又阔,像一张拍卖行长开的旧唱

片。(王佐良:《诗》)

于是夜晚的松花江,像一条嵌花的闪光的银链,静静地垂挂在这一片浩瀚的沙滩裸露的胸

前。(张抗抗:《夏》)

看了卡拉玛姐妹的舞蹈,使人深深地体会到印度的优美悠久的文化艺术:舞蹈、音乐、雕刻、图画……都如同一条条的大榕树上的树枝,枝枝下垂,入地生根。

(冰心:《观舞记》)

饮食店里的职工们当然不知女经理的这番挫折,只见她第二天早晨起来眼睛肿得和水蜜桃一样,看什么都不顺眼,看见馒头、花卷、包子、面条都有气。

(古华:《芙蓉镇》)

值得注意的是,有些句子中虽然有“像”,“好像”这类比喻词,但这个句子不一定是明喻。例如:

人总是有感情的,不爱别人就是因为太爱自己,要我像他那样只爱自己,对旁人都没有感情,我会僵了,活不成了。

(莫应丰:《将军吟》)

这个句子中的“我像他”不是明喻,因为“我”和“他”系同类,不能设喻。构成明喻必须要有本体、喻体和比喻词,并且本体和喻体之间是“相类”的关系,在本质上是不同的事物。

高级英语课文修辞总结

高级英语课文修辞总结(1-7课) 第一课Face to Face With Hurricane Camille Simile: 1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire) 2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train) Metaphor : 1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea) 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.) Personification : 1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)

高级英语第一册修辞手法总结

Lesson 1 1."We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4) metaphor 2 .Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 、metaphor 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (Para.11) simile 4. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed: “Get us through this mess, will Y ou?”(Para. 17) alliteration 5. It seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. (Para.19) personification 6. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. (Para.19) simile、onomatopoeia(拟声) 7. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. (Para. 20)transferred epithet 8 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished.(Para. 20)simile、personification 9. and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads.(Para.28) simile 10.household and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31) metaphor Lesson 4 1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (para2) Transferred epithet 2. The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at secondary school.(para 3) Synecdoche 3. After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century.(para14) Irony 4. '' There is some doubt about that '' Darrow snorted.(para 19) Sarcasm 5. The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.(para 20) Antithesis 6. Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie.(para 22) Alliteration; Simile 7. The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breadth of his oratory as he should have. (Para 22) He appealed for intellectual freedom, and accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion. (Para 23) The court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that Bryan. Snowball:grow quickly; spar: fight with words; thunder: say angrily and loudly; scorch: thoroughly defeat; duel: life and death struggle; storm of applause: loud applause by many people; the oratorical duel; spring the trump card.Metaphor

高级英语修辞手法和各课举例

常用修辞手法: 1. 比喻 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻: 明喻(simile):用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如: O my love's like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 暗喻(metaphor):用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如: He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。 The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。 2. 换喻(metonymy) 用一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称,只要一提到其中一种事物,就会使人联想到另一种。如the White House 代美国政府或总统,用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol。 His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。 3. 提喻(synecdoche) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分,以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如: He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 在收获季节农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。 4. 拟人(personification) 把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人。例如: My heart was singing. 我的心在歌唱。 This time fate was smiling to him. 这一次命运朝他微笑了。 The flowers nodded to her while she passed. 当她经过的时候花儿向她点头致意。 5. 委婉(euphemism) 用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语,以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。例如: 用to fall asleep; to cease thinking; to pass away; to go to heaven; to leave us 代to die 用senior citizens代替old people 用a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil 用weight watcher代替fat people 6. 双关(pun) 用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果:表面上是一个意思,而实际上却暗含另一个意思,这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如: A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (arms可指手臂或者武器) 一发炮弹打断了他的腿,所以他缴械投降了。 “Can I try on that gown in the window?” asked a would-be customer. “Certainly not, madam!” replied the salesman. 我可以试穿一下橱窗里的那件睡袍吗? Seven days without water make one weak (week). 七天没有水使一个人虚弱。或者:七天没有水就是一周没有水。 7. 反语(irony) 使用与真正意义相反的词,正话反说或者反话正说,从对立的角度运用词义来产生特殊的效果。 8. 头韵(alliteration) 两个或者更多的词以相同的音韵或者字母开头就构成头韵。例如: proud as a peacock

(完整word版)高级英语第一册修辞总结1--11

Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar 1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned. e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1) 2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9) 2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”. e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1) 2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7) 3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters. e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1) 2)…make a point of protesting 4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc. e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7) a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9) 5.Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis. e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows…(Para. 5) 2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels. (Para. 5) 6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form. e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5) Unit 9 Mark Twain—Mirror of America V. Rhetorical devices 1. Simile: Please refer to Lesson 2. e.g. 1) Indeed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. (Para. 1) 2) Tom’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence. (Para. 15)

高级英语修辞手法总结归纳

英语修辞手法 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.

III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力 气赚钱. 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用,能突破语言的局限,丰富表情达意的审美情趣,起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如:欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏;闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体;听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。

高级英语修辞总结完整版

高级英语修辞总结 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】

Rhetorical Devices 一、明喻(simile) 是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等,例如: 1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来,像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动,好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 二、隐喻(metaphor) 这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。 2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 三、Allusion(暗引)

高级英语修辞手法总结(常考)

高级英语修辞手法总结(常考)

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英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用,能突破语言的局限,丰富表情达意的审美情趣,起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如:欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏;闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体;听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。

高级英语课文修辞总结讲课稿

高级英语课文修辞总 结

高级英语课文修辞总结(1-7课) 第一课Face to Face With Hurricane Camille Simile: 1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire) 2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train) Metaphor : 1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea) 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.) Personification : 1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)

高级英语1修辞手法汇总

Rhetorical Devices simile 明喻metaphor 暗喻hyperbole 夸张metonymy 转喻synecdoche 借喻euphemism 委婉语repetition 反复rhetorical question 反问句personification 拟人antithesis 对仗parallelism 排比transferred epithet 转移修饰alliteration 押头韵 anti-climax 反高潮 1. We can batten down and ride it out. (metaphor) 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (metaphor) 3. The group heard gun-like reports as other upstairs windows disintegrated.(simile) 4. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (simile) 5. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (simile) 6. It seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 31 2 miles away.(personification) 7. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. (simile) 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist. (simile)

高级英语第二册修辞汇总

Lesson1 1. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻) 2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻) 3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile 4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles a way. ----personification(拟人) 5. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor 6. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略) 7. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile 8. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就 9. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile Lesson2

高级英语(1)修辞格汇总

一.词语修辞格 (1) simile 明喻 它根据人们的联想,利用不同事物之间的相似点,借助比喻词(如like,as等)起连接作用,清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物 I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。 They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。 His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。 ①―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet as a bird . ―C an I have these old quilts?‖ ②Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. ③My skin is like an uncooked(未煮过的)barley pancake. ④The oratorial(雄辩的)storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools… ⑤I see also the dull(迟钝的), drilled(训练有素的), docile(易驯服的), brutish (粗野的)masses of the Hun soldiery plodding(沉重缓慢地走)on like a swarm(群)of crawling locusts(蝗虫). (2)metaphor 暗喻 暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。 All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台,男男女女,演员而已。 Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B. Yeats ) 教育不是注满一桶水,而是点燃一把火。 ①It is a vast(巨大的), sombre(忧郁的)cavern(洞穴)of a room,… ②Mark Twain --- Mirror of America ③main artery(干线)of transportation in the young nation's heart ④The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind. ⑤Her voice was a whiplash(鞭绳). ⑥We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air,

高级英语修辞手法总结(最常考)

英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:

高级英语修辞手法汇总

高英修辞 Lesson 1 1. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻) 2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻) 3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile 4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ----personification(拟人) 5. Rcihelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. ---- …the 6. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor 7. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略) 8. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile 9. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就 10. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile Lesson 4 1.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative

高级英语修辞总结

Rhetorical Devices 一、明喻(simile ) 是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关 系,两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等,例如: 1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来,像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 3、It has long leaves that sway in the wi nd like slim fin gers reach ing to touch someth ing. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动,好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 二、隐喻(metaphor ) 这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物 之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。 2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 三、Allusi on (暗引) 其特点是不注明来源和出处,一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组,将其融合编织在作者的话语中。引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些源远流长的谚语、格言等。例如: 1、Grammar may be his heel of Achilles.语法是他的大弱点。(Achill es 是希腊神话中的一位勇士。除了脚踵处,他身上其他地方刀枪不入。) 2、The project is an economic albatross from the start. 这个项目从一开始就是一个摆脱不了的经济难题。(Albatross是英国诗人柯 勒律治的《古舟子咏》中的信天翁,它被忘恩负义的水手杀死后,全船陷入灾难中。) 四、提喻(synecdoche ) 又称举隅法,主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分,或以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽象。例如: 1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood

高级英语第一册修辞手法总汇

Twain began digging his way to regional fame... Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles... Simile: Most American remember M. T. as the father of... ...a memory that seemed phonographic Hyperbole: ...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom... The cast of characters... - a cosmos. America laughed with him. Personification: ...to literature's enduring gratitude... the grave world smiles as usual... Bitterness fed on the man... America laughed with him. Personal tragedy haunted his entire life. Antithesis: ...between what people claim to be and what they really are.. ...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land... ...a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever Euphemism: … a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy. ...men's final release from earthly struggle Alliteration ...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home ...with a dash and daring... ...a recklessness of cost or consequences... Metonymy ...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe Lesson 10 1) The trial that rocked the world (hyperbole) 2) Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder (transferred epithet) 3) The case had erupted round my head (synecdoche) 4) Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted (ridicule) 5) and it is a mighty strong combination (sarcasm) 6) until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century (irony) 7) There is some doubt about that.(sarcasm) 8) "The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below"(antithesis) 9) "His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world." (hyperbole) 10) Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fanlike a sword to repel his enemies. (ridicule,simile) 11) Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.(ridicule) 12) Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. " (oxymoron ) Lesson 11 1) a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life (alliteration and sarcasm) 2) between the much-touted Second International (1934) and the much-clouted Third International (1961) (assonance and antithesis) 3) The Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "Keep Your Old Webster's" (metonymy) 4) In short, all of these publications are written in the language that the Third International describes (metonymy) 5) But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary's (synecdoche) 6) the Post’ s editorial fails to explain what is wrong with the definition, we can only infer from "so simple" a thing that the writer takes the plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that a door is a door and any damn fool knows that(sarcasm ) 7) Or what of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges ...(synecdoche)

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