七年级下册_英语动词及其时态讲解

教学内容：初一动词极其时态系统讲解，例题解析和相关习题

教学重点难点极其突破方法：助动词、情态动词、联系动词和行为动词的用法；一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时的构成；此外，大量的时态练习题必不可少。

课时安排：一周一次知识梳理，提纲挈领，一直持续到期末考试前。

动词

动词是表示动作（study, find, swim 等）或状态（be, like, feel 等）的词。动词具有人称、数量、时态、语态和语态变化。

动词分类：动词有助动词、情态动词、联系动词和行为动词四类。

一）助动词

助动词没有任何含义，不能单独做谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语，帮助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式。常见的助动词有be, do, does, did, have, will, shall等。具体用法如下：

1、助动词be的用法如下：

1）构成各种进行时态。如：It was raining all day yesterday. 昨天整天下雨。

2）构成被动语态。如：The meeting was held yesterday afternoon.会议是昨天下午举行的。

3）与不定式连用表示按照计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作。如：They are to see an English film this evening.他们今天晚上看英语电影。

2、助动词do的用法如下：

1）构成疑问式或否定式。如：Does he think so? I didn’t say anything about the result.

2)在动词前加上do, does, did表示强调，意为―的确，确实‖。如：They do study hard. She does love him.

He did want to help the old man.

3、have: 助动词have 的过去式是had。have和had均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时态。如：He has lived here for three years. As soon as the sun had set they returned.

4、shall, should: 助动词shall只用于第一人称的将来时态；助动词should 是shall的过去式，构成过去将来时。如：I shall send ten letters to my good friend. She wanted to know if I should go to the palace.

二）情态动词

情态动词本身有一定含义，但不能单独作谓语，要和行为动词一起构成谓语。它们也能表明句子的否定、疑问或时态上的区别。常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, need, should等。

表示能力

表示能力一般用can, could。如：Rose can speak now, but she couldn’t a week ago.

be able to 也表示能力，它和can 的区别如下：

1）表示做事的能力，两者可通用。但can 只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时。be able to 可用于任何时态。如：She could / was able to eat four pieces of bread when she was young. They will be able to finish the drawing soon. 2) 表示过去经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to, 但在否定句中可互换。如：

She was weak, but was able to finish the task last night.

can (could) 在疑问句中与第二人称连用时，表示征求对方意见或提出请求，表示委婉语气。虽然could是can 的过去式，但是could 只是表示比can语气更加委婉客气，没有时间上的差别。如：-Could you lend me your pen? -Yes, I can.

表示许可

表示许可一般用may/might, can/could, 而且常可互换。Might, could语气比较委婉。要特别注意：回答以might, could开头的疑问句只能用may, can 给予直截了当的回答。-Might/Could I borrow your book?-Yes, you may/can.

表示必需、必要

must和have to都有―必须‖ ，一般情况下可互换。如：You must / have to finish the work..

但他们有如下区别：

1）must 表示说话人的主观看法；have to 表示客观需要。如：I must have a talk with him. He has to give up smoking because of badly cough.

2) 否定式mustn’t 表示禁止，意为―不准，不可以做‖；don’t have to 意为―不必‖。如：You mustn’t hit her.

You don’t have to explain it to me if you dislike the job.

注：表示推测的情态动词有表示―一定‖的must, 表示―很有可能‖的should, ought to 和表示―可能‖的can, could, may, might。具体用法如下：

must 表示较有把握的推测，只用于肯定句，不能用语否定句或疑问句。用法如下：

1）对目前动作的推测，用must+动词原形。如：You must lose in the mountain.

2) 对目前状态的推测，用must + be + 表语。如：You speak for 4 hours, you must be thirsty.

在肯定句中，表示对现在或将来把握不大的推测用may (might) +动词原形，might 比may的可能性更小

对过去把握不大的推测用may (might) have+ 过去分词。如：The package might come tomorrow. They may

have killed the enemies.

3、在疑问句中，对现在表示推测用can (could) …+动词原形，对过去表示怀疑则用can (could) …have+过去分词；在否定句中，对现在表示推测用can’t+动词原形，对过去表示推测用can’t (couldn’t) have+过去分词。如：It can’t be John. He has gone to UK.

4、need的双重身份

need 既可作情态动词又可作实意动词，它们的用法不同，如不注意区分，就容易用错。

三）系动词

连词动词的种类

联系动词含有一定意义，它们要与其后做表语的形容词、名词或介词（短语）一起构成合成谓语。系动词按意义可分为三类，而且有自己的特定用法。

1按意义联系动词有：be, appear, seem, keep, remain, continue, stay, prove 等，如：Jim appears very old.

２表示感觉的联系动词有：look, feel, smell, sound, taste等。如：It smells bad.

3表示转变的联系动词有：become, fall, get, go, grow, turn等。如：She becomes more beautiful than three years ago. 四）行为动词

行为动词又称实义动词，它们都含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，可在句中独立作谓语。行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。

１、及物动词

及物动词后一定要跟宾语，意思才能完整。如：My mother told me she wanted to buy some books for me.

2、不及物动词

不及物动词意义完整，不需带宾语，但如果有些不及物动词非要带宾语时，必须先加介词后加宾语。如：He only worried about his daughter.

二、动词的时态

动词的时态有很多。初中阶段主要掌握八种：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。

1．一般现在时

1）一般现在时态的构成：主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：

3）一般现在时态的用法：

现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作。例如：I get up at six every morning. He plays tennis once a week.

现在的状态例如：My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school. 客观真理例如：The earth goes around the sun.

4）常用于一般现在时态的时间状语：often usually sometimes always every day never in the morning 等。

1.--- May I help you, sir?--- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it ______.

A. didn’t work

B. doesn’t work

C. won’t work

D. can’t work

解析：电视虽然是前天买的，但坏了是现在的状态，应该用一般现在时态。选B.

2．______ the bus until it ______..

A. Get off, stops

B. Get off, will stop

C. Don’t get off, stops

D. Don’t get off, will stop

解析：这是一个以until引导的时间状语从句，主句是祈使句，因此从句要用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。根据句意此题应用not …until（直到……才）句型。应选C。

3．The 70-year-old man ______ exercises in the morning.

A. takes

B. are taking

C. took

D. will take

解析：―这个70岁的老人早晨锻炼。‖这里锻炼是一个经常性、习惯性的动作。因此，应选A.

2. 现在进行时

1）现在进行时的构成：Am/is/ are+ v-ing是现在进行时的构成形式

v-ing

3）现在进行时的用法：

1. 说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如：She is having a bath now.

2. 现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如：You are working hard today.Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian.The population of the world is growing very fast.

频度副词always, forever等词连用时，表示某种强烈的感情。如：He is always trying out new ideas. (表示

欣赏，表扬)

3..表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词）。如：

The party is beginning at 8:00 o’clock.

4.常用于现在进行时态的时间状语：now 等。

1．I don’t think that it’s true. She’s always ______ lies.

A. tell

B. tells

C. telling

D. told

解析：always在这里应现在进行时连用，带有感情色彩，表示讨厌。选C.

2.How ______ you ______ with the new job?

A. do, do

B. do, get along

C. are, doing

D. are, getting on

解析：表示现阶段正在发生的动作，用现在进行时。选D.

3．--- Are these socks yours?--- No. Mine ______ outside on the clothes line.

A. are hanging

B. have hung

C. hang

D. hung

解析：hang意为悬挂，hung意为上吊、绞死，先排除答案B、D。根据前后句意可判断出现在的状态，应用现在进行时。应选A.

3．一般将来时1）一般将来时的构成：1. 助动词will(shall)+动词原形2. am / is / are +going to +动词原形2）一般将来时的用法：1．将要发生的动作。例如：I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.

2．将要存在的状态。例如：This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be?

3．打算要做的事。例如：Are you going to watch the film on television tonight?

3) 常用于一般将来时的时间状语：tomorrow next week in 2008 等。

1. I______ for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you go to see me off at the airport？

A. am leaving

B. am left

C. am going to leaving

D. left

解析：趋向动词leave 可用现在进行时表将来。选A。

2.I______ to see grandma and help her with some housework every week.

A. came

B. am going come

C. come

D. will come

解析：此题虽然有every week, 但句意中表达的事将要去做的经常性动作。应该用一般将来时。因此选D。

3.We Chinese ______ the Olympic Games in 2008.

A. held

B. shall holding

C. are holding

D. are going to hold

解析：本题的时间状语是将来的时间，所以选用一般将来时，A、D都删去。shall后面应跟动词原型，

故应选D.

4．一般过去时

1）一般过去时的构成：

3）一般过去时的用法：

1．过去发生的动作。例如：The police stopped me on my way home last night.

2．过去存在的状态。例如：They weren't able to come because they were so busy.

3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 1979，often，always等。1．Mott is out. But he ______ here a few minutes ago.

A. was

B. is

C. will be

D. would be

解析：时分钟前发生的动作，应该用一般过去时。应选 A，

2．---Hi, Tom.---Hello, Fancy. I ______ you were here.

A.don’t know

B.won’t think

C. think

D. didn’t know

解析：虽然句中没有明确的时间状语，但是可以通过上下文语境判断出，这句话指的是我这段时间并不知道，你前一阵子在这儿。所以应选A。

3．He promised to tell me by himself when I ______.

A. come

B. would come

C. come

D. had come

解析：在时间状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来。应选C。

动词时态习题

1. We __________out by that time that he_________ a thief for a longtime.

A. had found, had been

B. had found, was

C. found, had been

D. found, was

2. It so happened that they________ the novel before.

A. had read

B. would read

C. were reading

D. read

3.She________ for nearly two hours.

A. kept talking

B. kept to talk

C. has kept talking

D. kept to talking

4.Spring_______ after winter.

A. comes

B. came

C. has come

D. had come

5.—I hear some noise in the next room.—Oh, yes. Your sister_______ there.

A. cries

B. is crying

C. cried

D. was crying

6.All the students__________ to plant trees and there’s nobody in the classroom.

A. go

B. will go

C. have gone

D. wound go

7. Stop! A little boy_________ the street.

A. is crossing

B. crosses

C. crossed

D. has crossed

8. The girl________ to milk since last winter.

A. learns

B. learned

C. has learned

D. would learn

9. What__________ to you this morning?

A. happens

B. is happened

C. happened

D. was happened

10. —The old man looks healthy.—Yes. He________ some running after he gets up.

A. does

B. did

C. has done

D. will do

11. She didn’t pass the exams because she________ her lessons well.

A. wasn’t prepared

B. wasn’t been prepared

C. hadn’t prepared

D. was preparing

12. This story_______ in a faraway village in Europe many years ago.

A. is happened

B. was happened

C. happened

D. has been happened

13. —Mr King came back to our village.—Really? For what?—The old man________ the noise in the city.

A. is hating

B. hates

C. was hating

D. has hated

14. His father ________ for a week.

A. died

B. will die

C. has been died

D. has been dead

15. My mother is ill. I _______stay at home and look after her.

A. has to

B. must

C. would

D. have to

16.---Do you know the Frenchman? ---Yes. I ______him for two years.

A. know

B. have known

C. knew

D. have been known

17. They______ all their money, so they have to walk home.

A.spend

B. had spent

C. have spent

D. will spend

18. Great changes_______ in the city, and a lot of factories_______.

A.have been taken place, have been set up

B.have taken place, have been set up

C.have taken place, have set up

D.were taken place, were set up

19. ---When di d Kate’s grandma die?---While the doctors______ on her.

A. are operating

B. were operating

C. operate

D. operated

20. ---Who are you looking for?---Mr White. ---Wait here for a while. The class meeting_______ over in half an hour.

A. is

B. will be

C. was

D. has been

21. If she’s not at home, you ______ try telephoning her at the office.

A. will

B. could

C. would

D. need

22. All the new words ______ up in the dictionary yet.

A. have looked

B. haven’t looked

C. have been looked

D. haven’t been looked

23.I don’t want to speak to her, but I ______.

A. do

B. have to

C. have to speak

D. must to

24. Hurry up, or you _____ the train.

A. miss

B. lose

C. will miss

D. will lose

25.The new library ____ next week.

A.. will build B . will be built C. would build D. would be built

26.---Whe re’s Mabel？---She _____ ping pong behind the teaching building.

A. is playing

B. was playing

C. played

D. had played

27. Quite a few tall buildings _______ the last two years.

A. have been put up

B. were put up

C. had put up

D. put up

28. Man-made-satellites______ into space by many countries.

A. was sent up

B. is sent up

C. have been sent up

D. has been sent up

29. I _______ all the words on the black board. May I go home now?

B.copy B. will coup

C. copied

D. have copied

30. Nobody knew _______ a living in that country.

A. to do

B. to make

C. how to do

D. how to make

31.The old man needs at most five hour’s sleep a night ,but he__________ for over seven hours tonight.

A. has fallen asleep B has slept C has gone to bed D. has gone to sleep

32.I’m really getting too fat. From now on, I________ more exercise and eat less food.

A have done

B do

C am doing

D will do

33. You don’t need__________ her. I_________ her for several times.

A describe, had met

B describe, meet

C to describe, have met

D describe, met

34. His speech in English was difficult__________.

A in following

B for being followed

C to follow

D to be followed by

35. When he was a child, he tried to find ways_______ people________ life more.

A. to help, enjoy

B. help, to enjoy

C. help, enjoying

D. to be helped, to enjoy

36.What did your class teacher ________you to _______at the meeting?

A. tell, say

B. ask, speak

C. tell, speak

D. ask, talk

37.______the bus until it _______.

A. Get off, stops

B. get off, will stop

C. Don’t get off, stops

D. Don’t get off, will stop

38 The living standard of the people in Shanghai_______ in the last ten years.

A. has raised

B. has risen

C. has been raised

D. has been risen

39 –What did Mr Jones do before he moved here?-He_______ a city bus for over twenty-five years.

A. has driven

B. drove

C. drives

D. is driving

40. Hurry up! The play _______ for ten minutes.

A. had begun

B. began

C. has been on

D. has begun

参考答案

1-5 CAAAB 6-10 CACCC 11-15 CCBCD 16-20 BCBBB 21-25 ADBCB 26-30 AACDD 31-35 BDCCA 36-40 ACBBC

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初一英语时态专题复习一、一般现在时：（1、现在的状态。2、经常或习惯性动作。3、主语所具备的性格和能力。4、真理。） 1、标志：often（经常）,usually（通常）,sometimes（有时）,always（总是）,never（从不）, on Sundays（在星期天）, every day/month/year（每一天/月/年） 2、结构：（1）主语+连系动词be(am/is/are)+名词/形容词/数词/介词短语/副词等做表语表状态（包括There be +n.）练习： 1.I______(be) a student. My name_____(be) Tom. 2. Where _____(be) my shoes? They___(be) here. 3.Who ____(be) the girl with long straight hair? I think she ___(be) Kate. 4. You and I ___(not be) in Class Six. 5.___(be) there a supermarket on the Fifth Avenue? Yes, there_____(be). 6. ____ her parent tall? No, he____. （2）主语（非第三人称单数）+行为动词原形+其他（用助动词do 帮助构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问）（3）主语（第三人称单数）+行为动词的第三人称单数+其他（用助动词does 帮助构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句）行为动词第三人称单数加-s的形式 1.- s 2. 辅音+y: study-studies 3.以s,x,ch,sh结尾watch-watches teach-teaches4特殊have-has do-does go-goes 练习： 1)His parents _______(watch) TV every night. 肯定句1) My brother _________(do) homework every day. 2)His parents _________(not watch) every night.否定句2)My brother________(not do)homework every day. 3)_____his parents_____(watch) TV every night?一般疑3)______ your brother _____ homework every day? Yes, they _______. No, they _______. Yes, he______. No, he _________. 4)When___ his parents _____(watch) TV? 特疑4)When _____ your brother ____(do) homework? They watch TV every night. He does homework every day. 二、现在进行时：表示说话瞬间或现阶段正在进行的动作。 1、标志: now（现在）listen（看）look（听） 2、结构:主语+助动词be(am/is/are)+行为动词的现在分词(doing) 现在分词的构成：1.-ing: eat-eating 2.辅音字母+e: take-taking 3. sit, put, begin, run, swim, stop, get, shop,（双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ing.）练习： 1. Jim __________________(take) photos in the park now.

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初中英语八大动词时态讲解动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：一、一般现在时 1、结构肯定式:主语+ am /is/are +其他否定式:主语+ am/is/are +not + 其他一般疑问句式:Am /Is /Are + 主语+ 其他? 简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语+ am/ is /are （否）No,主语+am/is/are not 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 2、用法 1）表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。 I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2）表示现在的状态。例如：My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。 3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。 My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 4）表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 5）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等瞬间动词。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来