新东方写作基础班讲义

考研基础班网络课堂写作讲义

北京新东方学校王江涛

第一节 考研写作总论

一、课程安排：

1、考研写作总论：评卷实例、复习计划、学习方法、大纲解读

2、应用文：书信类、告示类

3、段落写作：真题透视、框架结构、启承转合

4、两图写作（00、03、06、07）

5、一图写作（98、01、02、04、05）

6、图表作文

二、评卷实例：2001年真题

Directions:

Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone had his/her own understanding of it.

There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to

1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,

2) give a specific example, and

3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.

1、20分范文：

Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest. It is of the utmost importance to the human beings. Everybody not only needs love, but also should give love.

As is described in the picture, “love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places.” This is indeed true. People in darker places need more light than ordinary people. Maybe even a dim light

can give them much hope for a better life and progress. Maybe even a dim light can give them much hope for a better life and progress. Maybe just a thread of light will call forth their strength and courage to step out of their difficulties.

For instance when someone is starving to death, just a little food and water from you may save his life. Or when a little girl in a poor rural area drops out of school because of poverty, just a small sum of money from you may support her to finish her schooling and change her life, you have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed.

So to sum up, we should offer our help to all who are in need. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others so when you see someone in difficulty or in distress and in need of help, don’t hesitate to give your love to him. I believe then the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place for us to live in.

2、18分范文

It is generally believed that love is a hot topic which is most talked about. This is true not only in China but also in other countries. We live in different countries, speak different languages, but love is something common to us all. But how to show love may be different with different people in different countries. This is something we should give more thought to.

As is shown in the picture, love is like a lamp which shines brightest in dark places. This tells us a simple truth: Love is like a lamp. It is most valuable when it is most needed. For example, once I saw a foreign lady get lost in the street. She could not speak Chinese and nobody seemed to be able to help her. Though my English is not very good and I am a shy person, I thought she needed help very much. I asked her what she wanted. She told me she lost her way, so I showed her the way to her hotel. It was a small thing but she thanked me very much because my help was needed very much. My help was like a lamp in dark places.

I think we all should be like a lamp in a dark place, showing our love, giving our help to others, even to strangers. In this way, we can make this world a harmonious and peaceful world.

三、复习计划：

1、考前复习：

1）攻克词汇：

2）精研真题：词汇、句子结构、选项设置、英译汉、背诵

3）适当模考：

2、写作练习：

3、时间分配：

1）14：00－14：15 写作A节

2）14：15－14：50 写作B节

3）14：50－16：00 阅读A节

4）16：00－16：20 完型填空

5）16：20－16：40 阅读B节

6）16：40－17：00 阅读C节

第二节 应用文

一、学习方法：

（一） 提高实力：

1、十遍精读：

1）精彩词汇

2）精彩词组

3）精彩句型

4）句子结构：简单句（主干＋修饰成分）、从句、时态、冠词、主谓一致

5）段落结构：总分总，主题句＋论证（＋小结）

6）关联词：小作文3－5个，大作文5－7个

7）同义替换：词汇＋句型

8）代词替换：it, that, they

9）精彩观点：

10）原因建议：

2、背诵：滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善

3、默写：发现写作弱点

4、中译英：提高写作实力

5、写作：模仿

（二） 掌握技巧：万能框架

二、大纲解读：

（一）评价目标：

考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。短文写作时，考生应能：

1）做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；

2）遵循文章的特定文体格式；

3）合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；

4）根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当使用语域。

（二）考试内容：

该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生的书面表达能力。总分30分。

A节：考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。考生在答题卡2上作答。满分10分。

B节：要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇160－200词的短文（标点符号不计算在内）。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。考生在答题卡2上作答。满分20分。

（三）评分原则和方法：

1、虽然A、B两节的考查要点有所不同，但对考生写作能力的基本要求是相同的，所以一般评分标准对两节都适用。但根据两节的不同考查要点，评分是会有不同的侧重点。

A节

应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域（指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语）的恰当。对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题作调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的关键词，但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。

B节

B节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的连贯组织性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。

2、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有1－3分的调节分。

3、A节作文的字数要求是100词左右。B节作文的字数要求是160－200词。文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。

4、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。

5、如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。

三、书信格式：

（一）称呼

1、写给机构

1）不认识负责人：Dear Sir or Madam, Dear Sir/Madam, To whom it may concern,

2）认识负责人：Dear Mr./Ms. President/Professor/Manager/Editor,

Dear President (Michael) Wang,

2、写给个人

1）关系不亲密：Dear Mr./Ms. President/Professor/Manager/Editor,

Dear President (Michael) Wang,

2）关系亲密：Dear Michael,

（二）正文：3段、7句、100－120词、3－5关联词、3－5从句

1、第一段：2句

1）自我介绍

（1）I am a staff member from your company/corporation.

（2）I am a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing University.

2）写作目的：I am writing the letter in purpose of ordering some books/resigning from

my current post/position.

2、第二段：3句

1）改写提纲一：1句

2）改写提纲二：1句

3）改写提纲三：1句

3、第三段

1）表示感谢（私人建议信除外）

（1） My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.

（2） Words fail me when I want to express my sincere gratitude to you.

（3） I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you rendered me.

2）期待回信

（1）I am looking forward to your reply/hearing from you soon.

（2）I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.

（3）Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.

（三）落款

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

四、书信类应用文：

1、大纲样题：订购信

Directions:

You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:

1)detailed information about the books you want,

2)methods of payment,

3)time and way of delivery.

Dear Sir or Madam,

As I am planning to take the National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM), I have decided to place an order of some NETEM books with due consideration of the good reputation of your bookstore and the high quality of your books.

Firstly, please give me particular accounts as regards names, authors, publishing houses and prices of these books. Secondly, I also need to know the terms of payment and after-sell service. Thirdly, I wonder if it is convenient for you to deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters of Beijing New Oriental School by September 1, 2007. I have arranged to pay for the service.

I would like to express my gratitude for your kind consideration of my requests. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

第三节 段落写作

一、书信类应用文

2、2005真题：辞职信＋道歉信

Directions: Two months ago, you got a job as an editor for the magazine Fashion & Design. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.

Dear Mr. Wang,

I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position.

The primary reasons are as follows. First, after two months, I do feel that it is not easy for me to get used to the extra work and night shift. Second, the salary has proven to be much lower than you originally promised, and I have a large family to support. Last, what I have learned in the university cannot meet the requirement of being an editor.

I feel terribly sorry for the inconvenience I have caused. I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

3、2006真题：请求信

Directions:

You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area, write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Don't sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. Don't write the address. (10 points)

To whom it may concern,

As a student who can support myself, I am writing to request if you can help me find a potential beneficiary of Project Hope.

I wonder whether it is convenient for you if two things regarding the child are taken into account. First, the child should come from Sichuan Province because I intend to help a child from my hometown. Second, it will be better if he or she is a primary school student who was forced to drop school because of abject poverty.

I would like to help the recipient of my assistance annually until he graduates from college. Firstly, the money will cover his tuition fee and other expenses at school. Besides, I will correspond with him frequently so that he can seek advice whenever he needs. Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

4、备忘录/报告：

Directions: You are the president of a company. Write a memo to Percy Shelley, the vice-president on the employee’s training on computer, telling him the need to train the employees, detailed information, and ask him to write a plan.

Date：January 20, 2007

To：Percy Shelley, Vice President

From：Li Ming, President

Subject：Computer Training of the Staff

As we discussed earlier this week, I agree with you that our firm is faced up with problem of the high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff. We need to make up a plan for training our employees in the new field.

I would like you to design our own in-house computer-training program. We had better classify the employees and put them through the program in turn.

Write up a brief proposal, describing what you think the program should cover. Assume the class runs four hours a week for ten weeks. Also, assume people have no prior computer knowledge or any formal course work in computer science.

5、摘要：

1）不超过原文三分之一，可少不可多；

2）不要评论、不要照抄；

3）改写每段首尾句。

二、告示类应用文：

（一）写作格式：

1、标题

2、日期：标题右下方

3、正文：1－3段，3－6句，0－1从句，现在/将来时

4、署名：个人或单位

（二）分类：通告/通知、启事、其他

经典范文：征稿启事

Directions:

Your journal is planning to publish an issue. Write a contributions wanted which covers the following information:

1) the purpose of the issue,

2) time and methods of delivery,

3) other details.

You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice.

Contributions Wanted

February 3, 2007 To celebrate the 14th anniversary of the Beijing New Oriental Education and Technology Group, this journal has decided to publish a special issue on our great achievements in the teaching and research activities in the past 14 years. Articles, photos, memoirs and other writings related to this topic are invited. Faculty members and students are welcome to send in their contributions in whatever forms or styles to our office before the 30th instant. They may also send their writings and photos electronically to the following address: xdfyy@https://www.360docs.net/doc/cf7799844.html,

The Editorial Office

New Oriental English Journal

三、真题透视：参见新东方考研写作教材P.12

1、1991：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title: WHERE TO LIVE---IN THE CITY OR THE COUNTRY?

B)Time limit: 40 minutes

C)Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)

D)Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the

given opening sentence.

E)Your composition must be written clearly in the ANSWER SHEET.

OUTLINE:

1.Conveniences of the city

2.Attractions of the country

3.Disadvantages of both

4.My preference

2、1992：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title: FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN PARENT AND CHILD

B)Time limit: 40 minutes

C)Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)

D)Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the

given opening sentence.

E)Your composition must be written clearly in the ANSWER SHEET.

OUTLINE:

1.Present situation: Lack of communication between parent and child

2.Possible reasons:

1)Different likes and dislikes

2)Misunderstanding

3)Others

3.Suggestions:

1)For parents

2)For children

3、1993：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title: ADVERTISEMENT ON TV

B)Time limit: 40 minutes

C)Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)

D)Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the

given opening sentence: “Today more and more advertisements are seen on the TV screen.”

E)Your composition must be written clearly in the ANSWER SHEET.

OUTLINE:

1.Present state

2.Reasons

3.My comments

4、1994：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title: ON MAKING FRIENDS

B)Time limit: 40 minutes

C)Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)

D)Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the

given opening sentence: “As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend.”

E)Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.

OUTLINE:

1.The need for friends

2.True friendship

3.My principle in making friends

5、1995：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title: THE “PROJECT HOPE”

B)Time limit: 40 minutes

C)Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)

D)Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the

given opening sentence: “Education plays a very important role in the modernization of

our country.”

E)Your composition must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

OUTLINE:

1.Present situation

2.Necessity of the project

3.My suggestion

6、1996：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title: GOOD HEALTH

B)Time limit: 40 minutes

C)Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)

D)Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the

given opening sentence: “The desire for good health is universal.”

E)Your composition must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

OUTLINE:

1.Importance of good health

2.Ways to keep fit

3.My own practices

7、1997：

2001年大纲样题

Directions:

Widespread tobacco consumption has led to grave consequences, yet the tobacco companies still claim that they make a valuable contribution to the world economy.

There is a discussion in a newspaper on the above two viewpoints.

Write an essay to the newspaper

1)Criticizing their view and

2)Justify your stand.

In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the pictures printed below.

You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET II.

8、1998：

Directions:

A.Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 150

words.

B.Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II.

C.Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:

1．Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon.

2．Give your comments.

9、1999：

DIRECTIONS:

A.Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least150 words.

B.Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II.

C.Your essay should cover these three points:

1. effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife

2. possible reason for the effect

3. your suggestion for wildlife protection

10：2000：

Directions:

Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay to

1.Describe the pictures

2.Deduce the purpose of the drawer of the pictures, and

3.Suggest counter-measures

You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II

11、2001：

Directions:

Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone had his/her own understanding of it.

There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to

1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,

2) give a specific example, and

3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.

12、2002：

Directions:

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures---National and International”

In the essay you should

1.describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and

2.give your comments on the phenomenon.

You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II.

An American girl in traditional Chinese costume

13、2003：

Directions:

Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the following

1.describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning

2.point out its implications in our life.

Directions:

Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should

1. describe the drawing.

2. interpret its meaning, and

3. support your view with examples.

You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

15、2005：

Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay ,you should first describe the drawing the interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)

Directions: Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should 1）describe the photos briefly;

2）interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them,

3）give your point of view.

You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

图一：把崇拜写在脸上。图二：花300元做个"小贝"头。

注：Beckham（贝克汉姆）：英国足球明星。

17、2007：

Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and then

3) support your view with an example/examples.

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

四、考研论说文框架结构：3段、12句、160－200词、5－7关联词、5－7从句

第四节 两图写作

一、考研论说文框架结构：

（一） 第一段：图画描述，3句

1、总体描述：人物/动物/事物＋动作/服装＋环境/表情，1句

2、挖掘细节词、串连成句：1－2句

3、文字说明/象征寓意：1句

（二） 第二段：意义阐释，5句

1、主题句：象征寓意，1句

2、论证：3句

1）基础一般的同学：

（1） 讲原因：

（2） 讲故事：

（3） 联系现实：图画作文创作原则（以小见大，把握象征寓意，个体

想为群体，具体想为抽象）

2）基础较好的同学：

（1） 五大角度：背景、事实、反方观点、原因、后果

（2） 六种手段：因果、分类、定义解释、统计事实、举例、正反论证

3、小结：1句

（三） 第三段：建议措施，4句

1、结论句：1句

2、针对双方提建议：2句

3、包装结尾、展望未来：1句

二、启承转合：

（一） 启：启动观点、开篇点题

（二） 承：观点承接、正面论证

1、First(ly), In the first place, First and foremost, Above all, On the one hand, For

one thing,

2、Second(ly), In the second place, Besides, In addition, What is more,

Furthermore, Moreover, On the other hand, For another

3、Third(ly), (The) Last but not (the) least, More importantly, Even worse,

（三） 转：观点转折、反面论证

Conversely, Nevertheless, Unfortunately, Whereas, Yet, Instead, In/By

comparison/contrast, On the contrary

（四） 合：文章结尾、合并归纳

As a result/consequence, Consequently, Accordingly, Thus, Hence, Generally/Briefly

speaking,

三、两图写作

（一）2003范文：

The set of drawings above vividly depicts the destiny of a flower in different circumstances. As is shown in the first cartoon, the flower is placed in a comfortable greenhouse which shelters it from the threatening lightening and storm. With proper temperature, moisture and fertilizer, the flower is growing in full bloom. On the contrary, when removed from the greenhouse and exposed to the driving rain, the flower soon fades and withers, with the petals cast about on the grounds.

To begin with, the purpose of the drawings is to show us that the flower growing in the green

house cannot withstand the test of the storm, yet the symbolic meanings subtly conveyed should be taken more seriously. The delicate flower is naturally associated with young people, to be specific, the only children in our current society; the greenhouse epitomizes parents’ doting care and abundant material supplies that can shield the children from the storms, or the harsh reality. Once the young people begin to seek independence and accept challenges from the real world, they are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the face of difficulties.

Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these thought-provoking drawings. On the one hand, we can frequently use them to enlighten the youth to be more independent in life. On the other hand, parents should be sensible enough to give their children more freedom to deal with troubles and problems. Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in adversity can young people cultivate strong personality and ability, and only in this way can they become winners in this competitive world.

（二）2006高分作文：

1、18分作文样例一

The photos vividly depict that nowadays many people, especially, young fellows are tracing such fashion. The first one signed the name of Beckham on his left face, while the second one asked the hairdresser to copy the hair style of Beckham with about 300 yuan. Both of them are typical fans of the well-known British football player－Beckham.

This kind of social phenomenon is not entirely a coincidence. There are reasons accounting for this fashion. Firstly, with the rapid development of society, some people feel dull and desperate about the reality, so they desire to find some famous people as their idols. In the way, they feel satisfied with their life and have a goal to achieve. Secondly, just opposite to the above, others are just fashion tracers. They barely want to show that they are keeping step with the fashion. Thirdly, some people even don’t have any special purpose but to do it as others. In their deep heart, they don’t treat it as fashion but as fun.

Frankly speaking, this social phenomenon is very dangerous to the whole society. Some young men spend most of their time decorating themselves as their idols. As a result, they don’t have enough time to study or work, then they are always left behind. Moreover, it is harmful to the establishment of a harmonious society.

To draw a conclusion, we don’t deny that people should have their idols to admire, but in a sensible way. They can learn from what they have achieved and try to behave that way. And also parents should give proper advice to their children to form a proper outlook of the world.

第五节 一图写作

一、两图写作：

（二）2006高分作文：

2、18分作文样例二

More and more young people are increasingly influenced by foreign culture. As can be clearly seen from the above picture, a young gentleman puts “Beckham” on his face. Another decently dressed young gentleman is willing to pay 300 yuan to have his hair made in his favorite style. It is clear that the picture implies a common phenomenon in our society today: more and more people, especially the young, are endlessly chasing popular things, disregarding the cost that

they must pay.

There are at least three good reasons for this phenomenon. In the first place, the spreading of foreign culture in our country in recent years may be the main reason. Secondly, many young people in our modern society have an open mind. Consequently, they are willing to accept new things. Last but not least, a lot of people have become richer and richer. As a result, they can pay for the expense to do that kind of things. There may be other reasons, but it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly acceptable.

As far as I am concerned, the spreading of foreign culture in our society is not a bad thing. But as a popular saying goes, every thing has two sides. This phenomenon is without exception. My suggestion as to the best way to cope with the problem is as follows. On the one hand, people should take a proper attitude toward this phenomenon. On the other hand, our society is expected to appeal to the general public to resist its bad effect. I am sure that my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

二、英语全攻略：

（一）培养兴趣：

1、听说方面：

1）英文歌曲：

2）原版影视：

2、读写方面：

1）女生：Romeo and Juliet, Jean Eyre, Love Story

2）男生：Bible, Ancient Greek and Roman Mythology, The Old Man and the Sea （二）掌握方法：“精”

1、听力：听写

2、口语：跟读＋模仿

3、阅读：背诵

4、写作：中译英

三、一图写作

（一）1998高分作文：

1、14分作文样例一：

The past several years have witnessed a phenomenon that a variety of promises have been arising from all walks of life. Regretably, quite a lot of promises are sheer nonsense, just as the hen in the given cartoon commits herself to lay eggs which are round without any angles and corners and have shells, egg whites and yolks.

Odds and funny as they sound, such false promises can be seen and heard everywhere in our country. Administration departments assure to perform their tasks effectively and fairly without taking any bribes; manufacturing units guarantee to turn out products of good quality; commercial enterprises swear to provide genuine commodities and polite and enthusiastic services. Can you find anything new and substantial other than their obligations, duties and jobs in these so called promises? I guess your answer will be negative. As a matter of fact, their intention to make such commitments is nothing but to put on civilized outer clothing to please or deceive the public.

I dare say that your society is suffering corruption and cheat which are causing damage to society both materially and morally. But the hen and her like should know that by dishonest words no one can survive the intense competition under market economy system. They should remember the old saying, “Honesty is the best policy”.

2、14分作文样例二：

Here is an interesting cartoon: With her head held high, maybe singing, a hen stands proudly in the center of the picture with a notice in hand. It says: “Firstly, I promise that the eggs I lay are absolutely round without any square corners. Secondly, they all have shells and cores.” It’s so ridiculous that we can’t help laughing. But after that there must be something left.

Recently, many promises have come up in many walks of life, especially the service departments. They promise you that they will provide you with warm smile service and good products. AT first you are moved nearly to thank them. But if you think twice, you may wonder if those should be their duties. It goes without saying that factories should produce goods of quality, department stores should serve customers politely, buses should arrive on time, and so forth, because all of these are their responsibilities. But why should they promise what are their due jobs? One reason may be that they want to correct their past mistakes under the planned economic system. Another is that they intend to improve their images and please the customers.

In my opinion, trying to be better is worth welcoming, but making empty and false promises is unacceptable. If factories, companies, stores and administrations do their jobs wee rather than talk nonsense, our society will be more prosperous.

（二）2002高分作文：

1、20分作文样例：参见考研写作教材P.53(1)

(1)

This is a very interesting picture of a lovely American girl dressed in traditional Chinese costume with a sweet smile on her face. She wears a pearl necklace, colorful ribbon, ear rings, and other decorating things that are characteristic of the clothes of a Chinese minority nationality. It is obvious that as a result of our open-door policy, more and more foreigners visit China and become interested in our national culture, which is making it go international.

There is no reason to make a fuss about this phenomenon. With the rapid development of technology and economy, the world is becoming smaller and smaller, and international cultural exchanges have become more and more frequent, which is inevitably improving our mutual understanding and friendship with other countries.

As Chinese citizens, we should respect our own national culture and learn useful things from the cultures of different nations, which will enable us to make great progress in many ways. I believe a happy and bright future is awaiting us if we make every effort to promote cultural development both nationally and internationally.

2、18分作文样例：参见考研写作教材P.53(2)

(2)

Nowadays, “national culture or international culture” has become a matter of great concern for the general public in our society, especially for those who are confronted with this problem. Now let’s take a look at the American girl in traditional Chinese costume. She looks very beautiful with a nice smile on her face. It seems that the girl is very fond of the Chinese costume.

Obviously, the picture indicates that a culture of one nation may become international, which is beneficial to all the human beings. Since China has opened its door widely to the outside world, many people from different countries want to visit China. They will accept and love the Chinese culture as a whole. In addition, Chinese culture should be well shared with foreign people who have shown their great interest in it. Meanwhile, the Chinese people are also exposed to foreign cultures when more foreign people come to China. In this way people from various nations in the world will be able to acquire better understanding of each other and live peacefully in this world.

My opinion about this cultural phenomenon is that a national culture should become international. This is because the culture of any nation is a kind of precious heritage, and belongs to the whole mankind.

（三）2004高分作文：

2、18分作文样例：

As is shown in the picture, on arriving at the finishing line of a race on the playground, the lovely young man has to continue his new journey in no time instead of stopping to take a rest. He has successfully settled the puzzle of “stopping or going on” which might have confused many others.

With the increasing pace of modern life, perhaps no change has characterized the past decase more dramatically than that of people’s view on their own life. It is generally agreed upon that people have to adjust themselves to this new change. On the one hand, no doubt, people will gain a lot by setting new goals in their daily life. take the famous scientist Thomas Edison for example. He had done very well in his early life, but continued to pursue something more difficult all through his life. On the other hand, if one is obsessed with the success he has achieved, he would lose the chance to pursue new success. What is more, he may become the slave of his success. There are many cases showing that people lose their courage to better themselves after becoming successful.

To sum up, one’s view on his success determines his future. In my opinion, it is necessary to carry out a nation-wide campaign publicizing people who have a burning desire for more and ever greater achievement when they are already well-known. So that people in the society will develop a forward-looking attitude and make their life worth living and the world more beautiful as well.

第六节 图表作文

一、一图写作：

（三）2004高分作文：

2、16分作文样例：参见考研写作教材P.65(1)

(1)

The cartoon depicts a vivid picture in which an athlete, dripping sweat, is rushing to the end. Obviously, he wins the match, but this is not the key message conveyed by the picture. The most striking feature of the drawing is that the same line is marked as both “the start” and “the end”, which indicates that although the athlete came to the finish, a new race is waiting for him.

The idea conveyed by the cartoon is apparent: the end is a new start. It is widely accepted that we should not be satisfied with the present achievement, for nowadays new challenges and competition never stop. The market economy and competitive society drives many people studying hard for higher academic degrees, some of them even seeking the opportunities to study abroad. We should spare no efforts improving ourselves, master high technology and professional skills. The we can make use of it to devote ourselves to society.

Take my father as an example. He was denied higher education for historical reasons. But by self-study he became a technician in a factory. Many people thought he was content. But he never stopped studying. He took courses of law in his spare time. Later he became a lawyer. “The finishing point is just a new starting point”, he said to me.

二、钻石句型：

第一段

（一）现状说明：

1. When asked about…, most people believe that…, but other people consider it differently.

2. When it comes to…, people’s opinions differ. Some hold the opinion that…, while others

claim that….

3. There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the role of …. Some people claim

that…, while others believe that….

4. There is a general discussion today about the issue of …. Those who criticize … argue

that…. They believe that …. But people who advocate …, on the other hand, argue that….

5. Most are of the opinion that…. But I personally believe that….

6. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to realize that….

7. Now, it is generally acknowledged that…, but I doubt whether….

（二）图表描述

1.In 1990, it increased/decreased from … to ….

2.By comparison with 1998, it increased/decreased by …

3.The figure has nearly doubled, compared with that of last year.

4.It has increased/decreased almost three times, compared with ….

5.The number is twice as much as that of 1990.

6.It accounts for … percent of the total.

7.The number was …, less/more than a half/third/quarter of the 1990 total.