海事英语函电期末复习
海?事英语函电
?part1翻译
?part2案例例分析
基本考察
课?文上的翻译内容（reference expression translation）1-7章国际公约——海??牙规则（两道）（承运?人责任、免责条款4）
课?文
?一.短语（中英?文对应15分）
https://www.360docs.net/doc/d514679651.html,nding permit 登岸证
2.be charged to the shippers’ account记在船?方的账上
3.frequency of sailing 航班
4.sail to schedule （船舶）按期开船
5.through bill of lading 直达提单
6.of the shipping market随?行行就市
7.take delivery of 提货
8.prefight prepaid 预付运费
9.broken space亏仓
10.rapid repatriation迅速遣返
11. Processing exit formalities办理理出境?手续
12.moisture and odors?水汽和串串味
13.securing and lashing加固和绑扎
14.discharging of a ship allot 船舶分配的卸货
15.Be Duty-conscientious恪尽职守
16. On the return voyage在本航次回航中
17.conform with 符合
18.consign托运
19.Sweeping扫舱
20.Customs Return退关货
21.load-line 载重线
22.conference tariffs ?工会运价表
23.settle the account with you与你?方结账
24.is subject to 以什什么为准
25.identification initials ?首写字?母
26.derating exemption certificate 免于除?鼠证书
27.please be advised that 兹告知
28.your kindly request 兹要求你
29.this is to certify 兹证明
30.at the request of master应船?长要求
31.in the capacity of your agent 以你?方代理理?人的身份
32.enquiry 询价
33.inward cargo进港货
34.outward cargo出港货
35.redirection改向
36.in transmit to 运输
37.the addition cargo 附加货物
38.water-tight 防潮
39.air-tight 密封
40.replenish bunkers 加燃油
41.accommodation 舱位
42.be held liable 负有责任
43.by a failure of the ship‘s equipment由于船上设备的故障
44.ship‘s gear船舶装备
45.secure rope加固绳索
46.stage board 舷外作业板架
47.weather deck 露露天甲板
48.quite out of expectation 属于意外
49.this matter will be much appreciated不不胜感激
50.Smugglers偷渡者
51.chief officer?首席执?行行官
52.rearrangement 翻舱
53.awkward cargo?大件货
54.dimension尺?寸
55.dunnage卸货
56.shore crane 岸吊
57.separate分舱单
58.mixed stowage混装
?二.短?文的翻译
1.we have to inform you that 20 packages of cargo
consigned（交付） to you have arrived , and kindly request
you to take delivery（运送） of the goods within three days
from this date.我们必须通知你?方，寄给你?方的20包货物已经
到达，请贵公司?自此?日期起三?日内运货。
2.this is in reply to your enquiry of 4th July 20，we are now
sending you a quotation of our tariffs. please be informed
the quotation is subject to charge（费?用变化） on account
of the situation of the shipping market. 这是对你?方7?月4?日的
询价的回复，现寄上我?方的报价单。请注意，由于航运市场的
情况，报价将收取费?用
3.I submit the above for your information so that you will know
that the ship bears no responsibility for this accident特将以
上信息提交贵?方，此次事故责任完全不不在我?方，请明察。
4.once again please accept our sincere thanks and our
assurance（保证） that should our help ever be required in
any way， we will be happy to reciprocate（回报）再次，请
接受我们真诚的感谢和我们的保证，如果我们的帮助需要任何
?方式的帮助，我们将乐于回报。
5.we trust you will see to it that the consignment（货物） is
shipped within the stipulated（规定） time, as any delay will cause us inconvenience（不不便便） and financial loss. 我们相信
你?方会确保货物在规定的时间内装运，因为任何延误都会给我
们带来不不便便和经济损失。
6.you must be aware that should any quantity（数量量） of
cargo be shut out, the expense incurred（发?生） would have
to be for the ship’s account. 你必须知道，如果任何数量量的货
物被关闭，所发?生的费?用将由船上承担。
7.my opinion, therefore, is that the above parcels（包裹）
might have been mixed with each other in the barges（驳
船） or at the time of landing from the barges. 因此，我认
为，上述包裹可能在驳船上或从驳船上着陆时相互混合。
8.we regret our inability to throw（说明） any further light on
the matter. 我们很遗憾不不能对此事再作进?一步说明。
9.we regret having to refuse the shipment of these
commodities on board this vessel, as we are not certain
which class of dangerous goods they enter into. .很遗憾，我
们不不得不不拒绝将这些货物装上这艘船，因为我们不不确定它们是
哪?一类危险货物。
10.you may rest assured（确信） that we will take all
precautions（预防措施） we can to avoid any possible
damage to the cargo. 请放?心，我们将采取?一切可能的预防措
施，以避免对货物造成任何可能的损坏。
11.This is the case. The consignment is not clearly marked and
the ship is not responsible for any consequences arising
therefrom. 情况就是这样，托运货物标记不不清，船?方不不负责由
此?而造成的任何后果。
12.You may rest assured that we will take all possible
precautions to protect the goods from damage during
shipping and handling（装卸）. 你们尽可放?心，我们会采取?一切可能的预防措施保护货物在航运和装卸中不不受损失。
13.I regret to inform you that 300 bales of rice were returned to
customs due to inadequate shipping space due to our
incorrect declaration（申报）. We are willing to bear all the expenses arising therefrom.我遗憾地告知，由于我?方错误申报造成舱位不不?足，使300包?大?米货退关。我船愿承担由此?而引起的所有费?用。
海??牙规则
短语
(a) "Carrier" includes the owner or the charterer who enters into a contract of carriage with a shipper.
(b) "Contract of carriage" applies only to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any similar document of title, in so
far as such document relates to the carriage of goods by sea, including any bill of lading or any similar document as aforesaid
issued under or pursuant to a charter party from the moment at which such bill of lading or similar document of title regulates the relations between a carrier and a holder of the same.
(c) "Goods" includes goods, wares, merchandise and articles of every kind whatsoever except live animals and cargo which by
the contract of carriage in stated as being carried on deck and is so carried.
(d) "Ship" means any vessel used for the carriage of goods by sea.
(e) "Carriage of goods" covers the period from the time when the goods are loaded on to the time they are discharged from the
ship.
条?文
Article 3
1. The carrier shall be bound before and at the beginning of the voyage to exercise due diligence t
1.(a) Make the ship seaworthy.
2.(b) Properly man, equip and supply the ship.
3.(c) Make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers, and all other parts of the ship in which goods are
carried, fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation.
2. Subject to the provisions of Article 4, the carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for, and discharge the goods carried.
3. After receiving the goods into his charge the carrier or the master or agent of the carrier shall, on demand of the shipper, issue to the shipper a bill of lading showing among other things:
(a) The leading marks necessary for identification of the goods as the same are furnished in writing by the shipper before the loading of such goods starts, provided such marks are stamped or otherwise shown clearly upon the goods if uncovered, or on the cases or coverings in which such goods are contained, in such a manner as should ordinarily remain legible until the end of the voyage.
(b) Either the number of packages or pieces, or the quantity, or weight, as the case may be, as furnished in writing by the shipper.
(c) The apparent order and condition of the goods.
Provided that no carrier, master or agent of the carrier shall be bound to state or show in the bill of lading any marks, number, quantity, or weight which he has reasonable ground for suspecting not accurately to represent the goods actually received, or which he has had no reasonable means of checking.
Article 4
1. Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be liable for loss or damage arising or resulting from unseaworthiness unless caused by want of due diligence on the part of the carrier to make the ship seaworthy and to secure that the ship is properly manned, equipped and supplied, and to make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 3. Whenever loss or damage has resulted from
unseaworthiness the burden of proving the exercise of due diligence shall be on the carrier or other person claiming exemption under this Article.
2. Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible for loss or damage arising or resulting from:
(a) Act, neglect, or default of the master, mariner, pilot, or the servants of the carrier in the navigation or in the management of the ship.
(b) Fire, unless caused by the actual fault or privity of the carrier.
(c) Perils, dangers and accidents of the sea or other navigable waters.
(d) Act of God.
(e) Act of war.
(f) Act of public enemies
(g) Arrest or restraint of princes, rulers or people, or seizure under legal process.
(h) Quarantine restrictions.
(i) Act or omission of the shipper or owner of the goods, his agent or representative.
(j) Strikes or lockouts or stoppage or restraint of labour from whatever cause, whether partial or general.
(k) Riots and civil commotions.
(l) Saving or attempting to save life or property at sea.
(m) Wastage in bulk or weight or any other loss or damage arising from inherent defect, quality or vice of goods.
(n) Insufficiency of packing.
(o) Insufficiency or inadequacy of marks.
(p) Latent defects not discoverable by due diligence.
(q)Any other cause arising without the actual fault or privity of the carrier, or without the actual fault or neglect of the agents or servants of the carrier, but the burden of proof shall be on the person claiming the benefit of this exception to show that neither the actual fault or privity of the carrier nor the fault or neglect of the agents or servants of the carrier contributed to the loss or damage.
3.The shipper shall not be responsible for loss or damage sustained by the carrier or the ship arising or resulting from any cause without the act, fault or neglect of the shipper, his agents or his servants.
4. Any deviation in saving or attempting to save life or property at sea or any reasonable deviation shall not be deemed to be an infringement or breach of this Convention or of the contract of carriage, and the carrier shall not be liable for any loss or damage resulting therefrom.
5. Neither the carrier nor the ship shall in any event be or become liable for any loss or damage to or in connexion with goods in an amount exceeding 100 pounds sterling per package or unit, or the equivalent of that sum in other currency unless the nature and value of such goods have been declared by the shipper before shipment and inserted in the bill of lading.
This declaration if embodied in the bill of lading shall be prima facie evidence, but shall not be binding or conclusive on the carrier.
By agreement between the carrier, master or agent of the carrier and the shipper another maximum amount than that mentioned in this paragraph may be fixed, provided that such maximum shall not be less than the figure above named.
Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible in any event for loss or damage to, or in connexion with, goods if the nature or value thereof has been knowingly misstated by the shipper in the bill of lading.
6. Goods of an inflammable, explosive or dangerous nature to the shipment whereof the carrier, master or agent of the carrier has not consented with knowledge of their nature and character, may at any time before discharge be landed at any place, or destroyed or rendered innocuous by the carrier without compensation and the shipper of such goods shall be liable for all damage and expenses directly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from such shipment. If any such goods shipped with such knowledge and consent shall become a danger to the ship or cargo, they may in like manner be landed at any place, or destroyed or rendered innocuous by the carrier without liability on the part of the carrier except to general average, if any.
Article 10
The provisions of this Convention shall apply to all bills of lading issued in any of the contracting States.
案例例部分
两个案例例（案例例?一英国法；案例例?二美国法）
上课所讲的内容，考试范围（相关案例例?文章翻译；摘问题回答问题）对于案件的要素，时间地点?人物，法律律问题，实质问题（40%分数）
案例例?一分析：
?一.事实部分
1、法律律主体及关系
（1）shipper ：主张由英国法院管辖适?用海??牙维斯?比规则
货物最?高赔偿责任?高赔偿较多
（2）carrier：royal；主张由荷兰法院管辖适?用海??牙规则
货物最?高赔偿责任?小于维斯?比规则赔偿较少（3）holwerda：涉案船舶；
（4）morviken：姐妹船；
2、案件事实：航运—法律律冲突—排他性—管辖权条款—货物损坏—提单规定适?用阿姆斯特丹丹（荷兰）法律律——因为其责任限额?小——违反1971年年《海?上货物运输法》中规定的海??牙规则维斯?比规则3.8条
3、诉讼请求：上诉?人承运?人向?高等法院申请撤销下级法院的判决。法院?支持被上诉?人。
?二.争议焦点（法律律问题）
管辖法院（英国or荷兰）及适?用条款（海??牙or维斯?比）
法院地选择条款是否有效，承认赔偿责任限额适?用条款问题。
本案为终审，承运?人上诉，申请中?止英国诉讼，因为该案应由荷兰法院管辖。
三.审判程序
1、?一审英国法院认为应由荷兰法院管辖
原因：提单中有选择法院地条款
2、?二审 shipper上诉
法院认为：应由英国管辖
原因：据荷兰法承运?人降低责任，但因违反了了1971年年
1971年年《海?上货物运输法》中海??牙维斯?比规则3.8条?而?无效（具体如下）
责任限额在不不同法域下的不不同
carrier 希望低?一点荷兰海??牙规则最?高赔偿责任低
shipper在英国赔的多英国海??牙维斯?比规则最?高赔偿责任?高3、终审承运?人不不服上诉
法院?支持shipper观点
重申了了上诉法院的观点
如果适?用荷兰海??牙规则法律律违反了了1971年年《海?上货物运输法》3.8承运?人责任：
提单背?面条款?无效
中?止不不得剥夺原告?人在援引英国法院管辖时可获得的合法
利利益
四.考点注意
1.对物诉讼：在具有海?事管辖权的法院提出的损失，原告?力力图以
诸如船舶或货物等财产来满?足其权利利要求，其权利利请求就是针
对这种财产或此种财产所造成的损失?而提出的诉讼。
Losses incurred in courts with maritime jurisdiction, the
plaintiff seeks to satisfy his claim with property such as ships or cargo, and his claim for rights is a lawsuit against such
property or damage caused by such property.
2.1971年年海?上货物运输法
3.8条：运输合同中的任何条款、约定或
协议，凡是解除承运?人或船舶对由于疏忽、过失或未履履?行行本条
规定的责任和义务，因?而引起货物或关于货物的灭失或损害的
责任的，或除本公约的规定外减轻这种责任的，则?一律律?无效。
有利利于承运?人的保险利利益或类似的条款，应视为属于免除承运
?人责任的条款。
"Any clause, covenant, or agreement in a contract of
carriage relieving the carrier or the ship from liability for
loss or damage to, or in connection with, goods arising from negligence, fault, or failure in the duties and obligations
provided in this article or lessening such liability otherwise
than as provided in these Rules, shall be null and void and of no effect. ...
五.相关翻译
1.对物诉讼：an action in rem
2.申请中?止诉讼：application for a stay of the action
3.法院强制令：injunction
4.专属管辖：exclusive jurisdiction
5.直达提单：a through bill of lading
6.违反合同：breach of contract
7.疏忽货物管理理：negligence of cargo care
8.法律律程序：legal proceeding
9.扣押船只：Arrest of ships.
10.法律律选择条款：the choice of forum clause
11.潜在义务potential obligation
12.部分?支付partial payment
13.理理由是：on the ground
14.货物最?高赔偿责任：maximum liability per package
15.只是在那种程度上：Pro tanto approach
often used to denote partial fulfillment of an actual or
potential obligation通常?用于表示部分履履?行行实际或潜在义务
often in the form of partial payment toward a claim asserted in a lawsuit. 通常以对诉讼中主张的索赔的部分付款的形式。案例例?二分析：
案件事实：侵权之诉、海?上货物运输合同
?一、法律律关系
两种运输?方式、两个承运?人、三个主体
1、海?路路k：中国港?口到美国?长滩的海?运，k为海?运承运?人
2、铁路路up：?长滩到美国内陆?目的地铁路路运输，up为铁路路承运?人（该路路段货物损毁
3、货?方
?二、所涉协议
k与货?方协议订?立货物合同
k与up订?立运输合同，up为k的分契约?人，全程运输的分段承运?人
k与提单持有?人through b/l，?一套全程运输提单，由k签发
本案货主：r、v、货物保险?人等
提单重要条款
第?一条对承运?人、连接承运?人等的定义
第?二条法律律适?用与管辖权（适?用?日本法）
第四条进出美国的承运?人责任，规定?用us cogsa
第五条分?立契约相关事项，喜?马拉雅条款
三、审判阶段
（?一）2006.11加州法院，货?方对k与up提起4个诉讼，移送?至联邦地区法院
（?二）联邦地区法院，k与up提出东京诉讼管辖条款，法院?支持，驳回货?方起诉
（三）货?方上诉，上诉法院?支持货?方认为本案应适?用美国ck规则，当事?人选?用的us cogsa?无效
（四）k上诉?至最?高院，上诉院裁定被推翻，发回重审
四、本案焦点
1、当事?人约定的东京地区法院管辖条款有效与否？本案：有效
2、是强制使?用美国内陆铁路路运输业的管制规则ck海?事当事?人约定的美国海?上货物运输法us cogsa？（美国：国际公约优先）
五、最?高院意?见
1、法院意?见：ck不不适?用，应适?用cogsa有效
2、东京法院有管辖权上诉被发回重审
3、九个?大法官的?支持与否：6个认为ck不不适?用；3个持反对意?见
六、本案意义
反映美国适?用国际公约的倾向，国内法并不不优先适?用。
商务英语函电 参考答案
Reference Keys Unit 2 Establishing Business Relations 学学练练 I. 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. h 6. f 7. e 8. g II. 1.供你方参考 2. 期望，盼望 3. 供应中 4. in the hope of/that 5. establish business relations 6. fall within the scope of III. 1. desirous to 2. in the line of 3.give you a general idea 4. covering 5. in the market 6.refer to 7.be informed IV. 1. appreciate 2. in, for 3.upon 4. to 5. informed 6. with 7.enclosed 8. in 9. desire 10. for 实操练习 I. 1.Through the courtesy of ABC company, we have your name and address. 2. We would like to inform you that we could supply various types of men’s leather shoes. 3. We have established business relations with more than 50 countries in the world, on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and exchange of needed goods。 4. Specializing in the export of Chinese bicycles, we express our desire to trade with you in this line. 5. In order to promote business between us, we shall airmail you some samples for your reference. 6. We enclose a copy of catalog and a sampl e and are sure that you will be satisfied
外贸英语函电试卷B标准答案(1)
XXXXXXX卷面考核 XXXXXXX学年第 2 学期期末 《外贸英语函电》（ B ）标准答案 专业_班级经济命题教师 一、Fill in the blanks with the right word or words (2% for each, 20%) 1～5 C D B B B 6～10 B D C B B 二、Choose the appropriate word or words in the parentheses. (2% for each, 20%) 1～5 B A A B A 6～10 B A B A A 三、Translate the following sentences into Chinese.(3% for each, 15%) 1.从中国国际贸易促进委员会获悉，你们有意购买电器用品。 2.我们还想了解各类商品的每种颜色和花样的最低出口起售量。 3.所有报价以我方最后确认为准。除非另有规定或经双方同意，所有价格都是不含佣 金的净价。 4.另行寄上我方目录若干份，以便你方作出适当选择。 5.我方所报价格是经过紧密计算的。然而，为促进业务我们准备给你方5%的折扣。 四、Translate the following sentences into English.(3% for each, 15%) 1.We are one of the leading importers dealing in electronic products in the area, and take this opportunity to approach you in the hope of establishing business relations.
汽车专业英语翻译综合
第一章汽车总论 1)Today’s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical equipment 。P1 现在的车辆一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。这些零部件主要分为四类：车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。 2)The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train. P3 发动机作为动力设备，常见的类型是内燃机，其原理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产生能量。发动机可分为两类：汽油机（点燃式）和柴油机（压燃式），都属于热力发动机。燃料燃烧产生热量使缸内气压上升，产生的能量驱动轴旋转，并传递给动力传动系。 第二章内燃机 1)Power train system: conveys the drive to the wheels 2)Steering system: controls the direction of movement 3)Suspension system: absorbs the road shocks 4)Braking system: slows down the vehicle P4 传动系把发动机输出的扭矩传递给驱动轮。传动系包括离合器（对应机械变速器）或液力变矩器（对应液力自动变速器）、变速器、驱动轴、主减速器、差速器和驱动桥。 5)Drum brakes have a drum attached to the wheel hub, and braking occurs by means of brake shoes expanding against the inside of the drum. With disc brakes, a disc attached to the wheel hub is clenched between two brake pads. P6 鼓式制动器的制动鼓和轮毂连接，制动蹄张开压紧制动鼓内侧从而产生制动。在盘式制动器上，连着轮毂的制动盘被紧紧夹在两个制动块之间。 1)Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn.The power stroke"uses up"the gas,so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture:this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves;An inlet valve allows the mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job . P10 活塞通过连杆和曲轴连接，使得气体带动曲轴旋转半圈。作功冲程耗尽了所有的气体，这样就必须采取相应的措施排出废气并且向气缸内充入新的可燃混合气：气体的运动由气门来控制。进气门使可燃混合气在恰当的时刻进入气缸，排气门使燃烧后的废气排出气缸。 2)The spark-ignition engine is an internal-combustion engine with externally supplied in ignition,which converts the energy cntained in the fuel to kinetic energy.The cycle of operations is spread over four piston strokes. To complete the full cycle it takes two revolutions of the crankshaft. P11 火花点火式发动机是由外部提供点火的内燃机，从而将含在燃料内的能量转化成动能。发动机的一个工作循环分布在活塞的四个行程中，一个完整的工作循环曲轴需要转动两圈。 3)The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to all working parts in the engine. The oil drains off and runs down into the pan. Thus,there is constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine. P15
外贸英语函电课程总结
《外贸英语函电》课程总结 《外贸英语函电》课程是国际贸易专业的必修课程，本课程系统讲述了外贸英语函电中常用文体的基本知识，并详细讲解了外贸业务磋商过程中各个环节往来函电的实例。本人从事该课程的教学三年，现做课程总结。 一、教学目标 通过外贸英语函电的学习，应当让学生达到以下要求：（1）通过阅读和学习介绍外贸交易业务过程中的章节，了解并熟悉外贸进出口业务的关键步骤；（2）重点掌握外贸业务信函的撰写要点，初步做到能再一般情况下写出内容确切、表达得体、符合规范、语句通顺、没有语法错误的信函（由于现代化的信息传送方式如传真的撰写和普通信函相似，故以掌握信函撰写为重点）；（3）了解外贸业务过程中的相关术语，包括交易条件和环境。（4）让学生了解业务信函的趋向，并学习电传、传真、邮件的有关知识及写法 二、教学方法 本课程采用多媒体教学，根据国贸专业学生英语的实际情况，采用不同的方法，提高教学质量，保证教学目标的实现。在教学过程中，我先后采用学生朗读、分组翻译、角色扮演等方法。同时，为了帮助学生复习和巩固所学知识，提高学生们的学习兴趣，定期使用经典欧美歌曲、经典电影片段等影像资料。 三、教学过程 基于“学生为本”的思想和理念，本课程的教学过程设计为：单词句式教学、函电教学、集中练习。单词句式部分，首先，跟读单词和词汇，并让同学们课后进行熟读熟记；其次，课堂听写，检验学生们的记忆情况；最后，结合经典英语歌曲，对重点词句进行强化，同时提高学生们的学习兴趣，营造轻松的学习氛围。在函电教学阶段，采用分组学习与教师重点讲解结合的方法，提高学生学习的自主性。提前布置函电，每组完成朗读、翻译两项任务，然后，对于学生朗读和翻译中存在的问题，进行及时纠正，并对重点用语和词汇进行讲解。集中练习阶段，主要是书写函电和完成课后习题。 四、学情分析 10国贸三个班级，分两班教学，即：10国贸1班和10国贸2、3班。总体上来看，大部分同学都能按照老师的教学方法和过程进行学习，效果也不错。10国贸1班情况好于其他班级，这个班级同学英语基础好，好学上进。国贸2班和3班基本上能按照课堂要求进行，总体还可以，但是部分同学记不住单词和用语，这可能与学习用功程度有关。三个班级同学课后作业都能按时完成，质量可以得到保证。在教学过程中，角色扮演环节，每个班级每组同学都能按照要求进行，用英语进行对话。应该说，教学过程都很顺利，教学目标基本达到。 五、考试分析 上学期，在外贸英语函电课程考试中，10国贸1班通过率87.5%，10国贸2班76%，10国贸3班的通过率率是66%。总体来看，外贸英语函电教学达到了教学目标的要求，国
商务英语函电课后答案
Dear Sirs, We obtain your name and address from the internet, and we are writing you in the hope of establishing direct business relations with you. We’re one of the importers of Beddings with years’of experience in this line. At present, we’ll be pleased to get the samples for your bed-sheets. Thank you for your cooperation. Yours sincerely, \\ 2 Dear Sirs, Your company has been introduced to us by FMC Company, Sydney, Australia, who has informend us that you are interested in electric goods . As we have been in this line for years, we are writing you in the hope of establishing business relations with you. In order to give you a rough idea of our products available for export at present, we are sending you under separate cover the latest catalogues. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours faithfully Dear Sirs, We learn from the internet that you are in urgent need of a large quantity of Children’s Sport Shoes. We’re writing you in the hope of entering into long-term business relations with you. We have been handling the export of various kinds of textiles and shoes for many years, and our products are very popular in the American and European markets for their good quality and reasonable prices. We also have kept close connections with the local shoe manufacturers, and can ensure the steady source and quality. In order to give you a rough idea of our products, we are sending you our latest catalogues and price lists for Children’s Sport Shoes for your reference. If you are interested in any of the items, please let us know. We await your early reply. Yours faithfully,
贸易术语及常用外贸英语函电书信
贸易术语Incoterms 2000简介 2000年国际贸易术语解释通则 E组（发货） EXW工厂交货（……指定地点） F组（主要运费未付） FCA货交承运人（……指定地点） FAS船边交货（……指定装运港） FOB船上交货（……指定装运港） C组（主要运费已付） CFR成本加运费（……指定目的港） CIF成本、保险费加运费付至（……指定目的港）CPT运费付至（……指定目的港） CIP运费、保险费付至（……指定目的地） D组（到达） DAF边境交货（……指定地点） DES目的港船上交货（……指定目的港） DEQ目的港码头交货（……指定目的港） DDU未完税交货（……指定目的地） DDP完税后交货（……指定目的地）
27种常用外贸英语函电书信文体 评论:0 条查看:99 次jianyf发表于 2007-01-15 13:36 1.请求建立商业关系 Rogers Chemical Supply Co. 10E.22Street Omaha8,Neb Gentlemen: We have obtained your name and address from Aristo Shoes, Milan , and we are writing to enquire whether you would be willing to establish business relations with us. We have been importers of shoes for many years. At present, We are interested in extending our, range and would appreciate your catalogues and quotations.If your prices are competitive we would expect to transact a significant volume of business. We look forward to your early reply. Very truly yours 自米兰职权里斯托鞋类公司取得贵公司和地址，特此修函，祈能发展关系。多年来，本公司经营鞋类进口生意，现欲扩展业务范围。盼能惠赐商品目录和报价表。如价格公道，本公司必大额订购。烦请早日赐复。此致 2.回复对方建立商业关系的请求 Thank your for your letter of the 16th of this month. We shall be glad to enter into business relations with your company. In compliance with your request, we are sending you, under separate cover, our latest catalogue and price list covering our export range. Payment should be made by irrevocable and confirmed letter of credit. Should you wish to place an order, please telex or fax us. 本月16日收到有关商务关系的来函，不胜欣喜。谨遵要求另函奉上最新之出口商品目录和报价单。款项烦请以不可撤销保兑之信用状支付。如欲订货，请电传或传真为盼。此致敬礼 3.请求担任独家代理 We would like to inform you that we act on a sole agency basis fora number
商务英语函电 王维平 Chapter 8参考译文及课后答案
Chapter 8 Learning Aims 学完本章，学生应能： 1．识别装船指示和装船通知； 2．熟悉一些模具产品名称； 3．掌握装运方面信件的结构以及相关术语和表达方式； 4．学会案例分析，并撰写与装运相关的信函。 Background Information 在国际贸易中，在装运前，买方通常把他们的装运需求发送给卖方，告知他们包装和标志，运输方式等，此为装运指示。 卖方在装运货物后应立即向买方发送装船通知，告知他们装运情况。装船通知通常包含以下内容： （1）预计出发时间；预计到达时间 （2）装船货物 （3）船名 （4）集装箱号 （5）铅封号 （6）所附单证 装运当事人有三方，即货主，承运人和收货人。 提单可被看作为货物收据、运输合同证明和物权凭证。 Letter 1
李友
Letter 2 Letter 3 Letter 4
Letter 5 Letter 6
Exercises I．Fill in the following blanks. 1. importance; urgent; advance; co-operation 2. circumstances; compelled; an alternative/alternatives; 3. extended; expired 4. pleasure; informing 5. in duplicate II．Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1．我们很高兴在此通知，贵方所订的车灯模具已由“魅力”号货轮发出，将于5月15号抵达宁波。 2．我们很奇怪至今尚未收到于8月1号所订的螺钉，我方客户要求予以解释，因为他们急需此批货物。 3．由于交货长期延误，给我们带来不便。我们要求立即发货，否则，我们将不得不按合同规定取消订单。 4．请尽快安排装运我方所订的货物。 5．这艘货船将于7月20号左右驶往上海。 III．Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Upon receipt of the L/C, please effect shipment of the goods booked by us as soon as possible. 2. We are informed by ABC shipping company that S.S. “Beauty” is due to sail from your city to our port on or about 6th this month. 3. We are very much obliged for your kind cooperation. 4. We hope that these goods will reach you in time and turn out to your entire satisfaction. 5. We are in urgent need of the goods and have to request you to ship them without any further delay.
外贸英语函电试卷A(1)
XXXXXXX卷面考核 XXXXXXX 学年第 2 学期期末 《外贸英语函电》（ A ）卷 专业__班级命题教师_ 10分。） 1. We would ______ very much if you send us some samples immediately. a. thank you b. appreciate it c. appreciate d. appreciate you 2. Our products enjoy _______ in the world market. a. most popular b. great popularity c. good seller d. selling fast 3. We are _______ a copy of our catalog for your reference. a. send b. covering c. closed d. enclosing 4. The letter we sent last week is an enquiry ________ color TV sets. a. about b. for c. of d. as 5. This chemical is made ________ a special formula. a. from b. according to c. of d. in 6. We ______ your terms satisfactory and now send you our order for 2 sets of 《（国际经贸函电）》试题（A卷）第1页共7页
汽车专业英语翻译
About car engine Of all automobile components,an automobile engie is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an autombile.So, the engine is generally called the"heat"of an automobile. 在汽车的所有部件中，汽车发动机是最复杂的组件，其对整车性能有着决定性的作用。因而发动机往往被称作发动机的“心脏”。 There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors,stream engines,andinternal combustion engines.The internal combustion engines seem to have almost complete dominance of the automotive field.The internal combustion engine,as its name indicates,burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. 事实上，按动力来源分发动机有很多种，如电动机、蒸汽机、外燃机等。然而内燃机似乎在发动机领域有着绝对的统治地位。就像其字面意思一样，内燃机的染料在气缸内燃烧，通过将燃烧产生气体的膨胀力转换成转动力来驱动发动机前进。 Engine is the power source of the automobile.Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.However,this linear motion must be changed into rotary motion to turn the wheels of cars or trucks.The puston attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin,called a piston pin or wrist pin.The bottom of the connecting rod is attached to the crankshaft.The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft,which changes it into rotary motion.The connecting rod is mounted on the crankshaft with large bearings called rod bearing.Similar bearings, called main bearings,are used to mount the crankshaft in the block. 发动机是整部车的动力来源。能量来自于活塞在气缸内的（往复）直线运动。然而这种（往复）直线运动必须要转换成旋转运动才能驱动车轮。活塞与连杆通过一个销来连接，这个销称为活塞销。连杆的下部连接于曲拐。连杆把活塞的上下往复运动传递给曲拐，从而将往复直线运动转变成旋转运动。连杆和曲拐的连接使用大的轴承，称之为连杆轴承，类似的轴承也用于将曲轴连接到机体，称之为主轴承。 They are generally two different types of cooling system:water-cooling system and air-cooling system.Water-cooling system is more common.The cooling medium, or coolant, in them is either water or some low-freezing liquid, called antifreeze.A water-cooling system consists of the engine water jacket, thermostat, water pump, radiator, radiator cap, fan, fan drive belt and neccessary hoses. 主要有两种类型的冷却系统：水冷和风冷。水冷系统更为普遍。系统所用冷却介质或是冷却液常委水或其他低凝固点液体，称为抗凝剂。一个完整的水冷系统包括机体水套，节温器，水泵，散热器，散热器罩，风扇，风扇驱动皮带和必需的水管。 A water-cooling system means that water is used as a cooling agent to circulate through the engine to absorb the heat and carry it to the radiator for disposal.The ebgine is cooled mainly through heat transfer and heat dissipation.The heat generated by the mixture burned in the engine must be transferred from the iron or aluminum cylinder to the waterin the water jacket.The outside of the water jacket dissipates some of the heat to the air surrounding it, but most of the heat is carried by the cooling water to the radiator for dissipation.When the coolant temperature in the system reaches 90°,the termostat valve open fully, its slanted edge shutting off
外贸英语函电书写格式要求
11----------------精选公文范文----------------1 外贸英语函电书写格式要求 各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢 篇一：外贸英语函电写作技巧 外贸英语函电写作技巧 英文信函的信头也称信端，其内容包括发件公司的名称、标志、通信地址、电话号码、传真号、电子邮箱等。书写信头的目的是为了方便收件人了解信函来自何处，并为回复提供联系方式。 很多公司都会印制带信头的信纸。一般来说，人们喜欢将简单的信头放在信纸上端居中，将复杂的信头放在信纸的右侧或上下两端。在使用这种信纸打印信函时，一定要注意为信头留出足够的空间。 对于私人商务信函，如求职信等，
22----------------精选公文范文----------------2 信头通常写在信纸的右上方。 如果信函的长度超过两页，那么从第2页开始就不再需要信头了，只需写上页码、收件人姓名及日期。 英文地址的书写和中文地址的书写有很大区别，应遵循从小到大的原则。特别值得注意的是，地址中的标点符号需正确使用。当前的习惯做法是，行末一般不加标点符号，但行中间该加标点的地方，还是不应省略。门牌号码与街道名称之间不加标点，但是在城市与国家名称之间必须用逗号分开。 英文商务信函中称呼的书写有讲究 在英文信函书写中称呼是对收信人的尊称语。一般位于信内地址下方空一行；有Attention时也一样，位于Attention下面空一行。称呼后面一般用逗号（英式），也可以用冒号（美式）。 如果信是写给公司的，并没有直接
33----------------精选公文范文----------------3 的联系人，称呼应为：“Dear Sirs,”（英式）或“Gentlemen:”（美式）。在不能确定收信人性别的情况下，还可以使用To Whom It May Concern或Dear Madam or Sir。不过这两种称呼应尽量避免使用，因为人们觉得它们不能显示足够的友好。在写信给特定的组织时，更愿意使用Dear Member,Dear Customer,和Dear Human Resources Manager这样的称呼。 如果知道收件人的姓名，就应该直接把姓名用入称呼里。 1．商务信函一般用Dear Miss Brown，Dear 。Dear纯属公务上往来的客气形式。 2．写给亲人、亲戚和关系密切的朋友时，用Dear或Mydear再加上表示亲属关系的称呼或直称其名。例如：My dear father，Dear Tom等。
外贸英语函电试卷及标准答案
外贸英语函电试卷及标准答案 最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！太平洋英语，免费体验全部外教一对一课程：https://www.360docs.net/doc/d514679651.html, 外贸英语函电试卷(A卷) Ⅰ.Translation of terms 术语翻译(10%)： A.Translate the following terms into Chinese 将下列术语译成汉语(5%)： 1．mediation of dispute 2．DEQ, Delivered Ex Quay 3．acts of God 4．continental bridge 5．exclusive sales B.Translate the following terms into English in full 将下列术语译成英语（请用全称）(5%)： 1．亚洲开发银行 2．电子商务认证 3．银行密押 4．机电产品 5．内包装 Ⅱ.Make the best choice for each of the following sentences 单项选择(20%)：（提示：请在各题所提供的四个选项中选择一个，并将所选中的答案相对应的选项字母填入句中横线上。） 1.The boxes must be strong enough to withstand transport ____ very bad roads. A. along B. for C. in D. over 2.Enclosed are two copies of our Sales Confirmation No. DTE0607 ____ out against your Order KK02736. A. got B. made
汽车专业英语课文翻译4
Fuel Supply System of Gasoline Engine(UNIT SEVEN) All the gasoline engines have substantially identical fuel systems and run on a mixture consisting of fuel vapor and air. The fuel system comprises the units designed to store, clear and deliver fuel, the units intended to clean air and a unit for preparing a mixture from fuel vapor and air. In a fuel system different components are used to supply fuel from the fuel tank into the engine cylinder. Some of the important components are fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, carburetor, intake manifold and fuellines or tubes connecting the tank, pump and the carburetor. The fuel tank is a fuel container used for storing fuel. It is made of sheet metal. It is attached to the vehicle frame with metal traps and is located at the rear of the vehicle. They are mounted in a boot or boot-floor pan in case of front-engined cars and small commercial vehicles. In order to strengthen the tank as well as to prevent surging of fuel when the vehicle rounds a curve of suddenly stops, baffle plates are attached to the inside of the tank. A cap is used to close the filler opening of the tank. The fuel line is attached at or near the bottom of the tank with a filtering element placed at the connection. The other components of the fuel tank are the fuel gauge sending unit, a vent pipe, receiving unit. To prevent the dirt and water from entering the luggage compartment, a sealing strip is fitted between the fuel tank and boot floor pan. Moreover to limit the transmission of frame distortion to the tank giving rise to squeaking as the metal parts get rubbed together, rubber or felt pads are often fitted between the mountings and the tank. Provision is also made against drumming of the tank by these mountings. The tank may be placed at the side of the chassis frame for convenience in case of large commercial vehicles. The length of the connecting lines or tubes from the tank to the carburetor is also restricted by this at the same time. A porous filter is attached to the outlet lines. By drawing fuel from the tank through the filter, any water in the bottom of the tank as well as any dirt into the fuel gathers on the surface of the filter. To keep the fuel always under atmospheric pressure, the filter pipe or tank is vented. In order to prevent dirt in the fuel from entering the fuel pump or carburetor, fuel filters and screens are used in the fuel system. If the dirt is not removed from the fuel, the normal operation of these units will be prevented. The engine performance will also be reduced.
实操商务英语函电课后答案(首都经济贸易大学出版社)Unit 3
Unit 3 Inquiries and Replies Sentences Commonly Used in Inquiries and Replies (P49-50) 1.感谢贵方7月5日询盘。 2.兹复你方3月28日函，我们附上最新的带有插图的目录册，供你方参考。 3.本地对高质量的电动自行车有稳定的需求。 4.如果你方价格有竞争力，我们愿首次订购1000打。 5.请报最好的CIF上海价格，注明最早装运期。 6.由于我们打算购买……，如报最优价将不胜感激。 7.感谢贵方10月1日对我方飞利浦牌吸尘器的询盘，先附寄一套插图目录册。 8.如果能报优质绿茶CIF到墨尔本最低价，我们将不胜感激。 9.贵方若能迅速仔细地处理我方对棉布的询盘，我们将不胜感激。 10.请寄送样品并报……的最低价。 11.请就上述货物向我方报CIF西雅图最优惠价，含佣金5%。 12.一收到贵方询盘，我们即寄上样品并报最优惠的价格。 13.如告知有关价格、质量、可供数量以及其他相关资料的具体情况，将不胜感激。 14.如果你方按所需的型号和质量供货，我方可以大量订购。 15.因为我们所报价格十分合理，我们相信贵方能接受。 Exercises (P50-54) 1. Translate the following phrases (1) 对……进行询盘 (2) 无存货 (3) 具体询盘 (4) 插图目录册 (5) 与……进行贸易 (6) price list (7) irrevocable L / C (8) terms of payment (9) both excellent in quality and reasonable in price (10) CIF Hongkong 2. Choose the best answer (1) C (2) A (3) A (4) C (5) C (6) B (7) D (8) B (9) B (10) D