VHDL多功能数字钟设计报告
基于VHDL语言
数
字
钟
设
计
学院:信息工程学院
专业:
姓名:
学号:
2010年6月15日
一、设计要求
1、具有以二十四小时制计时、显示、整点报时、时间设置和闹钟的功能。
2、设计精度要求为1秒。
二、设计目的
1.掌握各类计数器以及计数器的级联方式;
2.掌握数码管动态显示的原理与方法;
3.掌握用FPGA技术的层次化设计方法;
4.理解数字逻辑硬件和软件的设计思想;
三、设计环境:Quartus II CPLD-5型试验箱
四、系统功能描述
1、系统输入:系统状态及较时、定时转换的控制信号为enset、k、set;
时钟信号clk采用50MHz;校时复位信号为reset,输入信号均由按键信号产生。
2、系统输出:LED显示输出;蜂鸣器声音信号输出。
3、多功能数字电子钟系统功能的具体描述如下:
(一)计时:正常工作状态下,每日按24h计时制计时并显示,蜂鸣器无声,逢整点报时。
(二)校时:在计时显示状态下,按下“enset”键,接着按下“k”键,进入“小时”待校准状态,若此时按下“set”键,小时开始校准;之后按上“k”键则进入“分”待校准状态;继续按下“k”键则进入“秒”待复零状态;再次按上“k”键数码管显示闹钟时间,并进入闹钟“小时”待校准状态;再次按下“k”键则进入闹钟“分”待校准状态;若再按上“k”键恢复到正常计时显示状态。若校时过程中按下“reset”键,则系统恢复到正常计数状态。
(1)“小时”校准状态:在“小时”校准状态下,显示“小时”的数码管以2Hz 闪烁,并以2Hz的频率递增计数。
(2)“分”校准状态:在“分”校准状态下,显示“分”的数码管以2Hz闪烁,并以2Hz的频率递增计数。
(3)“秒”校准状态:在“秒复零”状态下,显示“秒”的数码管以2Hz闪烁,并以1Hz的频率递增计数。
(4)闹钟“小时”校准状态:在闹钟“小时”校准状态下,显示“小时”的数码管以2Hz闪烁,并以2Hz的频率递增计数。
(5)闹钟“分”校准状态:在闹钟“分”校准状态下,显示“分”的数码管以2Hz闪烁,并以2Hz的频率递增计数。
(三)整点报时:蜂鸣器在“59”分钟的第“51”、“53”、“55”、“57”秒发频率为500Hz的低音,在“59”分钟的第“59”秒发频率为1000Hz的高音,结束时为整点。
(四)显示:要求采用扫描显示方式驱动6个LED数码管显示小时、分、秒。(五)闹钟:闹钟定时时间到,蜂鸣器发出频率为1000Hz的高音,持续时间为60秒。
五、各个模块分析说明
1、分频器模块
(1)模块说明:输入一个频率为50MHz的CLK,利用计数器分出
1KHz的q1KHz,500Hz的q500Hz,2Hz的q2Hz和1Hz的q1Hz。
(2)源程序:
LIBRARY ieee;
USE ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
ENTITY fdiv IS
PORT (CLK: IN STD_LOGIC ; --输入时钟信号
q1KHz: BUFFER STD_LOGIC;
q500Hz: BUFFER STD_LOGIC;
q2Hz: BUFFER STD_LOGIC;
q1Hz: OUT STD_LOGIC);
END fdiv ;
ARCHITECTURE bhv OF fdiv IS
BEGIN
P1KHZ:PROCESS(CLK)
VARIABLE cout:INTEGER:=0;
BEGIN
IF CLK'EVENT AND CLK='1' THEN
cout:=cout+1; --每来个时钟上升沿时cout开始计数IF cout<=25000 THEN q1KHz<='0'; --当cout<=25000时,q1KHz输出“0” ELSIF cout<50000 THEN q1KHz<='1'; --当25000 END IF; END IF; END PROCESS; P500HZ:PROCESS(q1KHz) --q1KHz作为输入信号,分出q500Hz VARIABLE cout:INTEGER:=0; BEGIN IF q1KHz'EVENT AND q1KHz='1' THEN cout:=cout+1; IF cout=1 THEN q500Hz<='0'; --二分频 ELSIF cout=2 THEN cout:=0;q500Hz<='1'; END IF; END IF; END PROCESS; P2HZ:PROCESS(q500Hz) VARIABLE cout:INTEGER:=0; BEGIN IF q500Hz'EVENT AND q500Hz='1' THEN cout:=cout+1; IF cout<=125 THEN q2Hz<='0'; ELSIF cout<250 THEN q2Hz<='1'; ELSE cout:=0; END IF; END IF; END PROCESS; P1HZ:PROCESS(q2Hz) VARIABLE cout:INTEGER:=0; BEGIN IF q2Hz'EVENT AND q2Hz='1' THEN cout:=cout+1; IF cout=1 THEN q1Hz<='0'; ELSIF cout=2 THEN cout:=0;q1Hz<='1'; END IF; END IF; END PROCESS; END bhv; (3)模块图: 2、控制器模块 (1)模块说明:输入端口enset,k,set键来控制6个状态,这六个状态分别是显示计时时间状态,调计时的时、分、秒状态,调闹铃的时、分的状态,reset 键是复位键,用来回到显示计时时间的状态。 (2)源程序: library ieee; use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; entity contl is port(clk,enset,k,set,reset:in std_logic; cth,ctm,cts,cbh,cbm,flashh,flashm,flashs,sel_show:out std_logic); end contl; architecture rtl of contl is type stats is (s0,s1,s2,s3,s4,s5); --定义6个状态 signal current_state,next_state:stats:=s0; begin process(clk,reset) begin if reset='1' then current_state<=s0; elsif clk'event and clk='1' then if reset='0' then current_state<=next_state; end if; end if; end process; process(current_state,enset,k,set) begin case current_state is when s0=>cth<='0';ctm<='0';cts<='0';cbh<='0';cbm<='0'; flashh<='0';flashm<='0';flashs<='0';sel_show<='0'; if (enset='1' and k='1')then --若enset和k为“1”, next_state<=s1; --由s0态转到s1态 else next_state<=s0; end if; when s1=>ctm<='0';cts<='0';cbh<='0';cbm<='0'; flashh<='1';flashm<='0';flashs<='0';sel_show<='0'; if set='1' then cth<='1'; --若set为“1”,cth输出“1” else cth<='0'; --进入调小时状态。 end if; if (enset='1' and k='0')then --若enest为“1”,k为“0”, next_state<=s2; --由s1态转到s2态 else next_state<=s1; end if; when s2=>cth<='0';cts<='0';cbh<='0';cbm<='0'; flashh<='0';flashm<='1';flashs<='0';sel_show<='0'; if set='1' then ctm<='1'; else ctm<='0'; end if; if(enset='1' and k='1')then next_state<=s3; else next_state<=s2; end if; when s3=>cth<='0';ctm<='0';cbh<='0';cbm<='0'; flashh<='0';flashm<='0';flashs<='1';sel_show<='0'; if set='1' then cts<='1'; else cts<='0'; end if; if (enset='1' and k='0')then next_state<=s4; else next_state<=s3; end if; when s4=>cth<='0';ctm<='0';cts<='0';cbm<='0'; flashh<='1';flashm<='0';flashs<='0';sel_show<='1'; if set='1' then cbh<='1'; else cbh<='0'; end if; if(enset='1' and k='1')then next_state<=s5; else next_state<=s4; end if; when s5=>cth<='0';ctm<='0';cts<='0';cbh<='0'; flashh<='0';flashm<='1';flashs<='0';sel_show<='1'; if set='1' then cbm<='1'; else cbm<='0'; end if; if(enset='1' and k='0')then next_state<=s0; else next_state<=s5; end if; end case; end process; end rtl; (3)仿真波形图: (4)模块图: 3、二选一模块 (1)源程序: ENTITY mux21a IS PORT(a,b,s:IN BIT; y:OUT BIT); END ENTITY mux21a; ARCHITECTURE one OF mux21a IS BEGIN PROCESS(a,b,s) BEGIN IF s='0' THEN y<=a;ELSE --若s=0,y输出a,反之输出b。 y<=b; END IF; END PROCESS; END ARCHITECTURE one; (2)仿真波形图: (3)模块图: 4、计时模块 a、秒计时 (1)源程序: library ieee; use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all; use ieee.std_logic_arith; entity cnts60 is port(sld0:buffer std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); --小时个位 sld1:buffer std_logic_vector(7 downto 4); --小时十位 co: out std_logic; rest:in std_logic; clk :in std_logic); end cnts60; architecture rtl of cnts60 is begin process(clk,rest) begin if rest='1' then sld1<="0000"; sld0<="0000"; elsif (clk'event and clk='1') then if (sld1="0101"and sld0="1001")then --当sld1=5,sld0=9时 sld1<="0000"; sld0<="0000";co<='1';--全清零,co输出“1” elsif sld0="1001" then sld0<="0000"; sld1<=sld1+1;co<='0'; --sld1自加“1” else sld0<=sld0+1;co<='0'; end if; end if; end process; end rtl; (2)仿真波形图: (3)模块图: b、分计时 (1)源程序: library ieee; use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all; use ieee.std_logic_arith; entity cnt60 is port(sld0:buffer std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); sld1:buffer std_logic_vector(7 downto 4); co: out std_logic; clk :in std_logic); end cnt60; architecture rtl of cnt60 is begin process(clk) begin if (clk'event and clk='1') then if (sld1="0101"and sld0="1001")then sld1<="0000"; sld0<="0000";co<='1'; elsif sld0="1001" then sld0<="0000"; sld1<=sld1+1;co<='0'; else sld0<=sld0+1;co<='0'; end if; end if; end process; end rtl; (2)仿真波形图: (3)模块图: c、小时计时 (1)源程序: library ieee; use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all; use ieee.std_logic_arith; entity cnt24 is port(sld0:buffer std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); sld1:buffer std_logic_vector(7 downto 4); clk :in std_logic); end cnt24; architecture rtl of cnt24 is signal s:std_logic_vector(7 downto 0); begin process(clk) begin s<=sld1&sld0; if (clk'event and clk='1') then if s="00100011"then sld1<="0000"; sld0<="0000"; elsif sld0="1001" then sld0<="0000"; sld1<=sld1+1; else sld0<=sld0+1; end if; end if; end process; end rtl; (2)仿真波形图: (3)模块图: d、闹钟分计时 (1)源程序: library ieee; use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all; use ieee.std_logic_arith; entity cntm60b is port(sld0:buffer std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); sld1:buffer std_logic_vector(7 downto 4); en:in std_logic; clk :in std_logic); end cntm60b; architecture rtl of cntm60b is begin process(clk) begin if (clk'event and clk='1') then if en='1' then if (sld1="0101"and sld0="1001")then sld1<="0000"; sld0<="0000"; elsif sld0="1001" then sld0<="0000"; sld1<=sld1+1; else sld0<=sld0+1; end if; end if; end if; end process; end rtl; (2)仿真波形图: (3)模块图: e、闹钟小时计时 (1)源程序: library ieee; use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all; use ieee.std_logic_arith; entity cnth24b is port(sld0:buffer std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); sld1:buffer std_logic_vector(7 downto 4); en:in std_logic; clk :in std_logic); end cnth24b; architecture rtl of cnth24b is signal s:std_logic_vector(7 downto 0); begin process(clk,en,sld1,sld0) begin s<=sld1&sld0; if (clk'event and clk='1') then if en='1' then if s="00100011"then sld1<="0000"; sld0<="0000"; elsif sld0="1001" then sld0<="0000"; sld1<=sld1+1; else sld0<=sld0+1; end if; end if; end if; end process; end rtl; (2)仿真波形图: (3)模块图: 5、闹钟比较模块 (1)模块说明:比较正常计数时间与闹钟定时时间是否相等,若相等,compout 输出“1”,反之输出“0”。 (2)源程序: library ieee; use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; entity comp is port(th1,tm1:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 4); th0,tm0:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); bh1,bm1:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 4); bh0,bm0:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); compout:out std_logic); end comp; architecture rtl of comp is begin process(th1,tm1,bh1,bm1,th0,tm0,bh0,bm0) begin if( th1=bh1 and tm1=bm1 and th0=bh0 and tm0=bm0 ) then compout<='1';--当正常计数时间与闹钟定时时间相等时compout输出1 else compout<='0'; end if; end process; end rtl; (3)仿真波形图: (4)模块图: 6、报时模块 (1)模块说明:该模块既实现了整点报时的功能,又实现了闹铃的功能,蜂鸣器通过所选频率的不同,而发出不同的声音。 (2)源程序: library ieee; use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all; entity bel is port(tm1,ts1:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 4); tm0,ts0:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); compout,q1KHz,q500Hz,openbel:in std_logic; bell:out std_logic); end bel; architecture rtl of bel is signal t:std_logic_vector(7 downto 0); begin process(compout,q500Hz,q1KHz,openbel,tm1,tm0,ts1,ts0) begin if (openbel ='0' ) then bell<='0'; end if; if (openbel ='1' ) then if (compout='1') then --compout=1,闹铃响 bell<=q1KHz; --bell输出1KHz elsif (tm1="0101" and tm0="1001"and ts1="0101")then case ts0 is when"0001"=>bell<=q500Hz; when"0011"=>bell<=q500Hz; when"0101"=>bell<=q500Hz; when"0111"=>bell<=q500Hz; --bell输出500Hz when"1001"=>bell<=q1KHz; --bell输出1KHz when others=>bell<='0'; end case; else bell<='0'; end if; end if; end process; end rtl; (3)仿真波形图: (4)模块图: 7、控制显示模块 (1)模块说明:该模块实现了数码管既可以显示正常时间,又可以显示闹钟时间的功能;调时,定时闪烁功能也在此模块中真正实现。 (2)源程序: library ieee; use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; entity show_con is port(th1,tm1,ts1:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 4); th0,tm0,ts0:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); bh1,bm1:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 4); bh0,bm0:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); sec1,min1,h1: out std_logic_vector(7 downto 4); sec0,min0,h0: out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); q2Hz,flashs,flashh,flashm,sel_show:in std_logic); end show_con; architecture rtl of show_con is begin process(th1,tm1,ts1,th0,tm0,ts0,bh1,bm1,bh0,bm0,q2Hz,flashs,flashh,f lashm,sel_show) begin if sel_show='0'then if ( flashh='1'and q2Hz='1')then h1<="1111";h0<="1111"; --显示小时数码管以2Hz闪烁 min1<=tm1;min0<=tm0; sec1<=ts1;sec0<=ts0; elsif (flashm='1'and q2Hz='1')then h1<=th1;h0<=th0; min1<="1111";min0<="1111"; sec1<=ts1;sec0<=ts0; elsif (flashs='1'and q2Hz='1')then h1<=th1;h0<=th0; min1<=tm1;min0<=tm0; sec1<="1111";sec0<="1111"; else h1<=th1;h0<=th0; min1<=tm1;min0<=tm0; sec1<=ts1;sec0<=ts0; end if; elsif sel_show='1'then--若sel_show为“1”,数码管显示闹钟时间 if(flashh='1' and q2Hz='1')then h1<="1111";h0<="1111"; min1<=bm1;min0<=bm0; sec1<="0000";sec0<="0000"; elsif ( flashm='1' and q2Hz='1')then h1<=bh1;h0<=bh0; min1<="1111";min0<="1111"; sec1<="0000";sec0<="0000"; else h1<=bh1;h0<=bh0; min1<=bm1;min0<=bm0; sec1<="0000";sec0<="0000"; end if ; end if; end process; end rtl; (3)模块图: 8、动态扫描显示模块 (1)模块说明:由6组输入信号和7个数据输出信号和8个位选通信号来实现数码管的驱动和信号扫描,进而实现了时钟时,分,秒的动态显示。 (2)源程序: library ieee; use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all; entity SCAN_LED is port(clk1:in std_logic; h0:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); h1:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 4); min0:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); min1:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 4); sec0:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); sec1:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 4); daout:out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0); se:out std_logic_vector(2 downto 0)); end; architecture one of SCAN_LED is signal cnt6:std_logic_vector(2 downto 0); signal a: std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) ; begin p1:process(clk1) begin if clk1'event and clk1 ='1' then cnt6<=cnt6+1; if cnt6=5 then cnt6<="000"; end if; end if; se<=cnt6; end process p1; p2:process(cnt6,h1,h0,min1,min0,sec1,sec0) begin case cnt6 is --控制数码管位选when "000"=>a<=sec0; when "001"=>a<=sec1; when "010"=>a<=min0; when "011"=>a<=min1; when "100"=>a<=h0; when "101"=>a<=h1; when others =>null; end case; end process p2; p3:process(a) begin case a is --控制数码管段选when"0000"=>daout<="0111111"; when"0001"=>daout<="0000110"; when"0010"=>daout<="1011011"; when"0011"=>daout<="1001111"; when"0100"=>daout<="1100110"; when"0101"=>daout<="1101101"; when"0110"=>daout<="1111101"; when"0111"=>daout<="0000111"; when"1000"=>daout<="1111111"; when"1001"=>daout<="1101111"; when others=>NULL; end case; end process p3; end; (3)仿真波形图: (4)模块图: 六、引脚锁定 七、顶层电路图