构词法

构词法
构词法

第七模块构词法

【重点词汇】

写出下列单词的意思并总结其构成规律

depth [ ???? ] n. 深,深度

height [ hait ] n. 高,高度

length [ ●??? ] n. 长,长度,段,节

association [ ????◆???????? ] n.协会, 联合, 结交, 联想assumption [ ????????? ] n.假定, 设想, 担任, 承当, 假装, 作态congratulation [ ????????◆?●????? ]n. 祝贺,庆贺connection [ ????????? ]n.连接, 关系, 接线, 线路, 亲戚decoration [ ??????????? ] n.装饰,修饰

devotion [ ?????◆??? ] n. 奉献,奉献精神

introduction [ ???????????? ] n. 引进,介绍

invention [ ????????? ] n. 发明,创造

invitation [ ??????????? ] n. 邀请,请帖

irrigation [ ??????????? ] n.灌溉

liberation [ ●?????????? ] n. 解放

motivation [ ??◆????????? ] n.动机

organization [ ?????????????? ] n.组织,机构presentation [ ?????????????? ] n.演示,演出pronunciation [ ??????????????? ] n.发音

protection [ ?????????? ] n.保护

punctuation [???????????????] n. 标点符号

recreation [?????????????] n.消遣, 娱乐

reservation [ ??????????? ] n. 预定

reserve [ ??????? ] n.储备;预定

restriction [ ??????????? ] n.限制, 约束

revision [ ???????? ] n.复习,温习

revolution [ ?????●◆???? ] n.革命,变革

separation [ ??????????? ] n. 分离,隔离

starvation [ ??????????? ] n. 饥饿;饿死

translation [ ??????●????? ] n.翻译;译文

explanation [ ????●???????? ] n. 解释,说明adjustment [ ??????????? ] n.调整, 调节, 调节器advertisement [ ????????????? ] n.广告, 做广告announcement [????◆??????] n.宣告, 发表, 一项公告arrangement [????????????] n.排列, 安排

judgement [ ?????????? ] n. 裁判

movement [ ?◆?????? ] n. 运动,活动

punishment [ ?????????] n. 惩罚

requirement [ ???????????? ] n.需要;要求;必要的条件settlement [ ???●???? ] n.新拓居地;(美)部落,村落statement [ ????????? ] n.声明, 陈述, 综述

treatment [ ????????? ] n.治疗,疗法

unemployment [ ??????●?????? ] n.失业,失业状态lifetime [ ●??????? ] n. 一生,终生

necklace [ ???●??] n. 项链

network [ ??????? ] n. 网络,网状系统

oilfield n. 油田

seagull [ ?????●] n.海鸥

seashell [ ?????●] n.海贝

shopkeeper [ ???????????] n. 店主,零售商人teapot [ ??????] n. 茶壶

spaceship [ ???????? ] n. 宇宙飞船

toothbrush [ ?◆??????] n. 牙刷

toothpaste [ ?◆???????] n. 牙膏

living [ ●???? ] n. 生计

physicist [ ????????] n.物理学家

pianist [ ??????? ] n.钢琴家

receptionist [????????????] n. 接待员

typist [ ??????? ] n. 打字员

violinist [ ????●????? ] n.提琴家,提琴手

tman [ ????????] n. 邮递员

bid [ ??? ] n.出价, 投标v.支付

quake [ kweik ] n. 震动,颤抖

reform [ ??????? ] n.改革, 改善, 改良运动, 感化request [ ???????? ] n. 请求,要求的事物

resign [ ??????? ] n.辞去(职务)

respect [ ???????? ] n.尊敬,尊重

rest [ ???? ] n.休息;剩余的部分,其余的人(物)

risk [ ???? ] n.冒险, 风险

ruin [ ?◆??] n. (复) 废墟;遗迹

sail [ ???● ] n.航行

salute [ ???●◆??] v.& n. 敬礼

scan [ ???? ] n.扫描

score [ ????? ???? ] n.& v.得分,分数

scratch [ ?????? ] n.乱写, 刮擦声, 抓痕, 擦伤

seat [ ???? ] c n. 座位,座

seed [ ???? ] n.种子

saw [ ??? ] n.锯v.锯

shot [ ??? ] n.射击,开枪,开炮,射击声;子弹

shout [ ??◆? ] n.& v. 喊,高声呼喊

shut (shut, shut) [ ??? ] v. n. 关上,封闭;禁闭

skin [ ???? ] n.皮,皮肤;兽皮

sleep [ ?●??? ] n.睡觉

smell [ ???● ] n. 气味

smoke [ ???◆? ] n. 烟

sound [ ??◆?? ] n.声音

spin [ ???? ] v.& n. 纺,(使)快速旋转;旋转,旋转运动spray [ ????? ] n.水雾,喷雾(器)喷洒

squeeze [ ?????? ] n.压榨, 挤

stand [ ????? ] n.站;立;停止;立场;地位;台;坛;摊stay [ ???? ] n.& vi.停留,逗留,呆

supply [ ????●?? ] n. 供给,供应

swim [ ???? ] n. 游泳,游

talk [ ???? ] n.& v.谈话,讲话,演讲;交谈

taste [ ????? ] n.品尝, 尝味;味道

tax [ ???? ] n. 税,税款

train [ ????? ] n.vt.训练, 培养, 瞄准, 锻炼

trap [????] n. 陷阱

underline [ ?????●??? ] n.下划线

update [ ??????? ] n.现代化, 更新

value [ ??●?◆?] n. 价值,益处

wash [ ??? ] n.洗(涤);冲洗;洗的衣服

waste [ ????? ] n.& vt.浪费

win (won, won) n. 获胜,赢得

zip [ ?? ] v.& n.拉开(或扣上)……的拉链;拉链

ownership [ ?◆????? ] n. 所有制

relationship [ ???●???????? ] n. 关系

scholarship [ ????●???? ] n.奖学金

shortcoming [ ?????????] n. 缺点,短处

socialism [ ??◆??●???? ] n. 社会主义

telephone [ ??●???◆? ] n.电话, 电话机v.打电话

telegram [ ??●????? ] n.电报

telescope [ ??●????◆? ] n.望远镜

television [ ???●?????? ] n.电视, 电视机, 电机学, 电视广播事业

villager[ ??●????] n.村民

waitingroom n.候诊室,候车室

weakness [ ??????? ] n. 软弱

winner [ ????? ] n.获胜者

worker [ ?????? ] n. 工人;工作者

framework [ ?????????? ]n.构架, 框架, 结构

heaven [ ????? ] n. 天,天空

communism [ ?????◆????? ]n. 共产主义

communist [ ????◆???? ]n.共产主义者, 共产党员

[考点解析]

一. 转化法

即兼类词,在不同的语境中,名词动用,动词名用等。例如:

Cook was the first to map the east coast.

库克是第一个画东部海岸地图的人。

…they beached the ship on the shore where they could repair the damage…

他们把船靠岸,在那里进行修理。

In July they set sail again and headed south and west in search of a new land.

七月份,他们又扬帆起航了,为寻找新大陆向南方和西方航行。

像这样的转化词在我们高中英语教材中可以找到许多,你也许只学过其中的一种词类的用法,但根据词类的转化,你不难看懂这些句子。

再如下列例子中画线部分均为兼类词。

The house can house many people.

这房子可以住下好多人。

The mountain areas in the south are heavily forested.

南部山区森林茂密。

He had a bad headache and needed quiet.

他头痛得厉害,需要安静。

二,合成法

英语的合成词有合成形容词,合成名词,合成动词,合成副词,合成代词等。具体看结构巧建图表。

三。派生法

亦称词缀法或缀合法,具体看结构巧建图表。

这是三种构词法中最活跃的一种,大约有三分之二的英语单词都是用这种方法构成的。因此,掌握一些常用派生词的构词规律对于我们正确拼写单词和在阅读中猜词能力的培养就显得尤为重要。

在英语的派生词中,词根决定词的根本意义,前缀改变词义,后缀引起词类的改变(个别后缀还会改变词义)。如:a-后跟名词或动词,常构成表语形容词,有些也可作副词用如:alone, aside, ahead, aloud. “in-“在“m”之前变体为“im-“,在“ l”之前作“il-”,在“r”之前作“ir-“;“non-“和“en-“则常加在名词或形容词之前。但前者所构成的词仍然是名词或形容词,而后者却构成了动词。“un-“常用于动词或形容词之前。其派生词仍为动词或形容词。

有时候,,你在阅读中会碰到既有前缀又有后缀的派生词,只要你确认它的词根,你就可以猜到她的含义。如:independent, disorderly, inattention, rebroadcast, non-communism, nonconductor, undeveloped, intercultural, unrealizable. unrecognizable, etc.

构词法图表祥解:

构词法图表祥解:

后缀派生词

最新初中英语常用构词法归纳

英语专题讲座(一) 词汇的分类和构词法 一、复习要点阐述 我们学习的语言的每一篇文章都是由句子构成的。每一个句子都是由或多或少的词构成的。单词是语言构成的最基础内容,教英语的老师通常会说“一个学生记住的词汇是与他的英语成绩成正比。”这句话说明了一件事,就是词汇量的重要性。就像我们自己的国语中文,一个孩子从小到大,在日常生活中记住了大量的词汇,所以运用起来很自如。如何能记好英语的单词及其他们的用法,了解英语的词类和构词法对于一个考生来说是很重要的。所以在今天的专题中,我们将复习英语的词类和初中阶段我们所要掌握的几种构词法,使同学们对英语的词类及其简单的用法有一定的了解,并能正确的使用词汇。 二、要点复习的策略及技巧 (一)英语的词类 英语中的词类根据其语法功能分为名词、冠词、代词、数词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词、动词十类。根据意义又可以分为实词和虚词。实词指具有实际意义并能单独作句子成分的词。这些词是名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词和动词六类。虚词指没有实际意义或实际意义不明显、不能在句子中单独作句子成分的词。这些词是冠词、介词、连词和感叹词四类。 下面我们就词汇的分类、名称、作用及例词列表。

从上面的表格中我们简要地讲解了英语十大词类的基本用法。同学们可以仔细的体会一下此表的内容。这将有助于你们对句子和文章的理解。 (二)构词法 语言的基本要素之一是词汇。在语言发展的最初阶段,人们使用的是少量而简单的词汇,这些词汇只表示日常简单的事物和概念,构成语言最基本的词,称为原生词,也叫基本词或词根词。英语里的原生词大都是单音节的。如:sun, man, head, foot, fish, see, run等,其数量是有限的。随着社会的发展与进步,语言的扩充与融合使语言变得复杂,原有的原生词已不够用,人们便创造了一些新词来表示新有的事物与概念,按照语言一定的规律创造新词的方法,就是我们所说的构词法。在初中阶段我们学习了下列构词法,了解了这些构词法,我们对词的用法就更方便一些。 1. 合成法 合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力,在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。 1)名词+名词→名词 basket(篮子)+ball(球)→basketball篮球book (书) +shop(商店) → bookshop书店 book(书) + store(商店) → bookstore书店house(房子) +work(劳动) → housework家务劳动 home(家庭) + work(工作) → homework家庭作业 2) 形容词+名词→名词 black(黑色的)+board(木板)→ blackboard黑板English(英国的)+man(人)→ Englishman英国人 loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者) → loudspeaker扬声器 3)动词的-ing形式+名词

(全)高考英语历年真题详解-构词法

高考英语历年真题详解-构词法 2015新课标1卷 Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 答案:regularly 构词法:形容词构副词,形容构副词一般是在词尾加ly,副词可以修饰动词、形容词、副词与整个句子。 2015新课标2卷 In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment. 答案:ability 构词法:形容词构名词,名词后缀-ity: ability, possibility, probability, responsibility, purity, reality, equality Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow) during cool nights,thus warming the house.

答案:slowly 构词法:形容词构副词 As (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 答案:natural 构词法:名词构形容词,形容词后缀-al:natural, additional, educational, national 2016全国卷(新课标一) But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract). 答案:attraction 构词法:动词构名词,名词后缀-ion, -ation:suggestion, action, solution, invention, direction The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. 答案:officially 构词法:形容词构副词 2016全国新课标二卷

英语构词法

Word Formation(英语构词法) 一,派生法: * 前缀(词性大多不变) im- impossible impatient impolite il- illegal illogical ir- irregular in-informal independent incorrect incomplete un- unfair unhappy unknown unnecessary unlucky unfortunate unusual unhealthy untie unlock uncover unfold unwrap dis- discourage disable disappear discover dislike disagree disobey mis- mistake misunderstand mislead misjudge en- encourage enable enrich enlarge ensure tele- telephone telegraph telescope television telegram re- remarry rebuild rewrite retell

reunite reappear reconstruction reuse recycle pre- preview pre-read inter- inter-school international internet non- non-smoker nonjudgmental non-stop mid- midnight midday midterm midsummer mid-autumn over- overhead overcharge overdress oversea * 后缀(词性大多有变化) -er teacher worker farmer learner reader loudspeaker writer player swimmer leader cooker heater ruler manager trainer driver -or visitor conductor competitor educator operator actor inventor -ment movement arrangement announcement government equipment agreement disagreement achievement

构词法

构词法 一、掌握构词法的重要性 1.有助于扩大词汇 care careful careless carefully carelessly carelessness carefulness 2.有助于了解词义 possible impossible fair unfair 3.有助于辨认词类 glory glorious operate operation 二、英语的构词方法 在英语中,主要有三种构词法,即合成、转化和派生。 1.合成由两个或两个以上的词结合成一个新的词的方法称作合成法。用这种方法构成的词,叫合成词。合成词有的用连字符―-‖连接,有的直接连写在一起。合成词的词类主要有三种,即合成名词、合成形容词和合成动词。 1)合成名词 football birthday homework blackboard dining-room drinking-water 2)合成形容词 middle-aged warm-hearted ordinary-looking funny-looking hard-working 2.转化由一种词类转化成另一种或几种词类的方法称作转化法. 1)由名词转化为动词,例如: water n. 水→water v. 浇水 2)由形容词转化为动词,例如: clean adj.干净的→clean v.打扫,清理empty adj. 空的→empty v.清空,倒空 3.派生由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词的方法称作派生法。前缀附加在单词或词根的前面,一般不改变原词的词类,但引起词义的变化;后缀附加在单词或词根的后面,一般不改变原词的基本含义,只改变词类。 1)常见的前缀 (1)用来构成反义词的前缀 ①dis- agree 同意disagree __________; appear 出现disappear ________ like 喜欢dislike honest诚实的dishonest _______ ②in- complete 完全的incomplete__________; correct 正确的incorrect___________ ③im- 例如: possible 可能的impossible ______ ;polite 有礼貌的impolite _____________ ④ir-例如: regular 规则的irregular ___________________ ⑤il-例如: legal合法的illegal Driving after wine breaks the law, that is to say, it is illegal. ⑥un- fair 公正的unfair __________; happy高兴的unhappy _________ ⑦non-例如: stop 停止non-stop __________;smoker 吸烟者non-smoker ___________violent→non –violent________ ⑧ab-例如:normal正常的→abnormal 反常的use使用→abuse 滥用absent= not present 缺席 Don’t abuse drugs and you should have a healthy lifestyle.

高三英语构词法重点专题构词法归纳知识点分析

重点专题构词法归纳 1.派生法 (1)前缀 ①表示否定意义的前缀: a. 纯否定前缀: un-: unable, unemployment(失业), unload(卸载), uncover(揭开), unhappy, untrue, unlike (不像), unrest(不安的,动荡的), unfair, unknown, unhealthy, unusual, uncertain, unclear(不清楚的), unequal, unlucky, unreal, unkind, uncomfortable, uneasy(心情不安的), uninteresting, unimportant, unnecessary, unpleasant, undivided, unreserved(无保留的) dis-: dislike(不喜欢), disarm, disconnect, disagree, disappear, disadvantage, dishonest, disability, discover(发现), disobey in-, im-, il-, ir-: incapable, inability, incomplete, incorrect, inconvenient, inexpensive, impossible, immoral(不道德的), illegal(非法的), illogical(不合乎逻辑的), irregular, irrelative non-: non-smoker, non-stop, non-violent(非暴力的), nonwhite, non-member, nonparty(无党派), nonsense(无意义) b. 表示错误的意义: mis-: mistake, mislead(误导), misunderstanding, misuse, mis-spell, mistrust, mistreat c. 表示“反、防、抗”的意义: anti-: antiknock(防震), antiforeign(排外的), anti-war, antitank(反战车的), anti-pollution ②表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀: a- 表示“在……之上”,“向……”:aboard, aside de- 表示“在下,向下”:decrease(下降), degrade en- 表示“在内,进入”:encage(入笼), enbed(上床) ex- 表示“外部,外”:exit, expand(扩张), export fore- 表示“在前面”:forehead, foreground, foreleg, forefoot in-, im- 表示“向内,在内,背于”:inland, inside, indoor(s), import inter- 表示“在……间,相互”:international, interaction, internet, interview mid- 表示“中,中间”:midposition out- 表示“在外部,在外”:outline, outside, outward(s), outdoor(s) over- 表示“在上面,在外部,向上”:overlook, overhead, overboard, overcoat, overdress, oversea(s)(海外) post- 表示“向后,在后边,次”:postscript(附言) pre- 表示“在前,在前面,提前”:prefix(前缀), preface(前言), preposition(介词)super- 表示“在…..之上,超级”:superstructure, supernatural, superpower, superman trans- 表示“移上,转上,在那一边”:translate, transform(转移), transplant(移植), transportation(交通) under- 表示“在…..下面,下的”:underline, underground, underwater, undershirt up- 表示“向上,向上面,在上”:upward(s), uphold, uphill(上坡) auto- 表示“自己,独立,自动”:automobile(自动车), autobiography(自传) tele- 表示“远离”:television, telephone , telegram(电报), telegraph(电报,抽象名词), telescope(望远镜)

构词法练习

班级:_________ 姓名:______________ 学号:_______________ 构词法专练 Ⅰ.填空或填写括号内单词的正确形式。 1.Mary was very sad at the news, so she looked sadly at her husband, her eyes full of ___________(sad). 2.To our ______________ (satisfy),the headmaster was very satisfied with our report. 3.The good working condition in this city is _______(attract). 4.The police are looking into the woman’s____(disappear). 5.After a long_____________ (discuss) with her father, she decided not to take the job. 6.Rose had left the company after a____________ (disagree) with her boss. 7.The boy didn’t pass the entrance examination, so his parents were _____________(happy) about the result. 8.There,my voice sounds really ______________(wonder) because there’s a slight echo(回音)to it. 9.Edison was a great _______________ (invent).During his life he had many inventions. 10.She once led a ____________ (home) child to her home and made the child her younger sister. Ⅱ.真题链接 1.While there are ____________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.(2014新课标全国Ⅰ) 2.Just be ____________ (patience).(2014新课标全国Ⅰ) 3.Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers ______________(sudden) became friendly to one another.(2014新课标全国Ⅱ) 4.I cannot control my body well. My legs become (pain).(2014辽宁) 5.She was _____________ (surprise) helpful.(2014广东) 6.“That would be a very ______________ ( reason ) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,”Nick said.(2013广东) 7.“But such a small thing couldn’t ______________(possible) destroy a village.”(2013广东)

英语构词法

英语构词法 英语主要有三种构词法:转化、派生和合成,下面简要介绍一下这三种构词法。 1、转化构词法: ①有大量的动词可以转化为名词,有时意思没有太大的变化: Let me have a try.我来试一试。 We stopped there for a swim. He went off at a run to consult a doctor. This is for winter wear. Don’t make it too tight. I like a quiet read after supper。 This was a great surprise(strike,shock)to my brother. Have a look(chat,talk,wash,swim,rest,try,quarrel,smoke,lie,read,run,dream,fight,walk,ride,drink,laugh,dance,bathe,wish,win,fear,love,debate,dispute,interview,taste,etc) Make a study(guess,visit,call,survey,jump,slip,change,search,stay,smart,answer,reply,remark,fight,arrest,appeal,purchase,sacrifice,demand,show,deal,attempt,attack,advance,etc) Come to a stop(end,pause) 有时意思有一定的变化: He was about the same build as his brother.他的体形和他哥哥差不多。 Last year’s catch was four times that of 1986.去年的捕鱼量为1986年的四倍。 This was a decisive move.这是一个决定性的步骤。 They can be used as a stock feed.它们可以作为牲口饲料。 Women have a equal say in everything.妇女在各方面都有同样的发言权。 He won two games;the other two were draws.他赢了两局,另外两局打平了。 ②也有相当多的名词可以当动词用。许多表示物件的名词可以用做动词来表示动 作。 Have you booked your ticket? Who chaired the meeting? He pinned great hopes on us. It can seat a thousand people. We have mapped out plans for their utilization. It pictures the life of overseas Chinese students. He hurriedly penciled the time on it. By noon he had bagged three hares. The machine bottles15000 jars of cold cream a day. The money was all pocketed by corrupt officials. He hammered a nail into the wall. 有些表示身体部位的名词也可以用来做动词。 Hand in you exercise-books,please. We’ll back you up. We should dare to face any difficulty and danger. Who headed the delegation. (当团长)。We’ll headed for Yunnan tomorrow. We should shoulder these responsibilities.(肩负) She fingered the silk gently.(抚摩) Soon the seedings shot up and began to ear.(抽穗) 1

构词法(1)

第一部分通过词缀认识单词 (常用前缀一) 1、a- ① 加在单词或词根前面,表示"不,无,非" acentric 无中心的(a+centric中心的) asocial 不好社交的(a+social好社交的) amoral 非道德性的(a+moral道德的;注意:immoral不道德的) apolitical. 不关政治的(a+political政治的) anemia 反常的(a+nomal正常的+ous) ② 加在单词前,表示"在…,…的" asleep 睡着的(a+sleep睡觉) aside 在边上(a+side旁边) ahead 在前地(a+head头) alive 活的(a+live活) awash .泛滥的(a+wash冲洗) 2、ab-,abs-加在词根前,表示"相反,变坏,离去"等 abnormal 反常的(ab+normal正常的) abuse 滥用(ab+use用→用坏→滥用) absorb 吸收(ab+sorb吸收→吸收掉) absent 缺席的(ab+sent出现→没有出现→缺席的) abduct 诱拐(ab+duct引导→引走→诱拐) abject 可怜的(ab+ject抛→抛掉→可怜的) abstract 抽象的;心不在焉的(abs+tract拉→被拉开→心不在焉) abstain 戒绝(abs+tain拿住→不再拿住→戒绝) abscond 潜逃(abs+cond藏→藏起来→潜逃) abscind 废除(abs+cind剪切→切掉→废除) abscise 切除(abs+cise剪→剪掉→切除) abstinence 节制;禁欲(abs+tin拿住+ense→不在拿住→戒除,禁欲) 3、ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意 accelerate陪伴(ac+company伙伴→陪伴) accentuate加速(ac+celer速度→一再增加速度) accomplish强制(ac+cent唱歌→一再唱出→强调) accumulate积累(ac+cumul堆积+ate→堆积起来→积累) accustom使习惯(ac+custom习俗→习惯习俗) addict上瘾,入迷(ad+dict说→一再说起→对……入迷) addictive上瘾的(addict的形容词) adduce引证,举例(ad+duce引导→一再引导→举例说明) affable亲切的(af+fable说话→不断可以说话→亲切) afford买得起(af+ford拿出→一再拿出{钱}→买得起) affirm肯定(af+firm坚定→肯定) aggression侵略,进攻(ag+gress走+ion→一再往前走→进攻) aggrandize扩大(ag+grand大→一再大→扩大[权力]等) aggravate恶化(ag+grav重+ate病加重)

(完整word版)英语构词法练习题基础篇.docx

英语构词法练习题一、基础练习 A: 名词后加“y”变成形容词 sun---_________( rain ---________( health ---________( luck ---__________( B: 名词后加“-ful” )wind ---__________()cloud---__________() )snow ---__________()fun---__________() )noise ---__________()salt---__________() )sleep ---__________()sand---__________() -less“”变成形容词 care ---__________()__________() use---__________()__________() colour---__________() _________() help---__________() __________() hope ---__________()__________() harm---__________() __________() success---________()wonder---_______()peace---__________() sleep ---__________()home---__________()value---__________() C:名词后加“-ern ”变成形容词 east---______()west ---_______()south---_______() north---__________() D:名词后加“-al”变成形容词 person---__________()education---__________()tradition---__________() medicine---__________()music ---__________()nature---__________() E:名词后加“-ly”变成形容词 friend---___________() love---___________() week---__________() F:名词后加“--ous”变成形容词 danger---___________() mystery---___________() fame---__________() G:名词后加“-en”变成形容词 wool---___________() wood---___________() gold---__________() H:名词转化为形容词的不规则变化 energy---___________() athlete---___________() hunger---___________() pride---___________()death---___________()science---___________() knowledge---___________() anger---___________() Africa---___________() America---___________()Asia---___________() Australia---___________() I:动词变名词 ① work---________( 工作者 ) sing---________( 歌手 ) teach---_________( 教师 ) drive---_________( 司机 ) write---________( 作家 ) dance---_________( 舞蹈家 )win---_________( 获胜者 ) run---___________( 赛跑者 ) swim---_________( 游泳者 )act---_________( 演员 ) collect---__________( 收藏家 ) direct---___________( 主管 ) visit---_________( 参观者 ) invent---_________( 发明家 ) translate---_______ _(翻译家 ) ②educate---___________( 教育 ) describe---___________( 描述 ) predict---___________( 预言 ) collect---___________( 收藏 ) invent---___________( 发明 ) build---___________( 建筑物 ) ③mean---___________( 意思 ) meet---___________( 会议 ) cross---___________( 路口 ) turn---___________( 转弯处 ) decide---___________( 决定 ) die---___________( 死亡 ) ④fly---___________( 飞行 ) know---___________( 知识 ) please---___________( 高兴 ) pronounce---___________( 发音 ) mix---___________( 混合物 ) J:形容词的两种形式—ing/— ed

构词法

构词法 派生法 1 前缀 1) 表示“否定”、“相反”意义的词缀: de- decrease减少; decentralize分散; degrade降级,降低的地位; decode解码,破译密码; decompress(使)放松,卸压dis- dislike不喜欢; disagree不同意; disconnect断开,使分离; disinvest减资; disunite使分离,分裂; distrust不信任; disappear消失 il- illegal不合法; illogical不和逻辑的; illegible难以辨认的; illegalize宣布……为非法 im- impossible不可能的; impolite不礼貌的; immoral不道德的; impractical不现实的 in- informal非正式的; incorrect不正确的; incapable无能力的ir- irregular不规则的; irresponsible不负责任的; irresistible不可抵抗的 mis- misunderstand误解; misplace误放; misspell拼写错; miscalculate算错 non- nonstop中途不停的; nonviolence非暴力; nonfiction非小说类文学作品 un- unhappy不高兴的; untrue不真实的; undecided没有定的2) 表示“时间先后”的前缀

ex- ex-husband 前夫; ex-president前总统 fore- foretell 预言; foresight 先见之明; foresee预见,预知 mid- midterm 期中的; midnight午夜 ; the Mid-autumn Festival中秋节 pre- pre-school children学龄前儿童 ; prehistoric史前的 ; prearrange预先安排 post- postwar战后; postgraduate研究生; postdoctoral博士后的3) 表示“方向”“位置”的前缀 ex- export出口; exclude把…...排斥在外; external外部的; exterior外部 in- iuput输入; indoor室内的; inrush涌入; incoming进来的 inter- international国际的; intercontinental洲际的; interchange互换; interdependent相互依赖的; interact相互影响out- output输出,产量; outfall出水口,河口; outdoor户外的sub- subway地铁; subconscious下意识的; subnormal低于正常的 trans- transatlantic横渡大西洋的; transplant移植; transcontinental 横跨大陆的 4) 表示“程度”的前缀 extra- extraordinary非凡的,惊人的; extracurricular课程以外的mini- miniskirt超短裙; minimum最小量; minibus小型公共汽车over- overpraise过分赞扬; overestimate高估; overburden使......

英语构词法

Ⅰ.构词法(Word Formation) A.词根(Root) B.派生词(Derivative) C.合成词(Compound Words) 词是什么? “词”的英语是“Word”。依据词典“Word”可译为“语言、言、话、字、文字、词”等。人类在学习一种语言时最基本的两件事就是认识词和使用词来表达思想。 那么“Word”是什么? 我们先从表达思想来说。大凡人要把心中所感觉到的和所想的表达出来时,一个共通的表达模式就是“举出主题并说明它”。这种表达模式我们叫做“一句话”,在语言学上称为句子(Sentence)。例如: 例A:Your book is on the desk. (你的书在书桌上。) 例B:Tom goes to school by bicycle every day. (汤姆每天骑自行车上学。) 例C:The lady who has just passed by is our English teacher. (刚经过的那位女士是我们的英语老师。) 解说:上面各例都是句子。例A是表示我们生活中周边的静态事物,例B是表达事物的动态现象,例C所表达的是两者都有。那么句子是由什么来组成的呢?由上面各例可以了解句子的组成要素如下: 由上面的解说我们可以了解: 定义:词、短语、从句等称为句子组成的要素(Element)。 词是句子的组成要素中不能再细分的最小表意单位(Sense unit)。 构词法 英文词和中文词的最大不同点在于中文词是属于象形文字语系,字形是固定不变,而且是一字一音;英文词是属于符号文字语系,其字形(拼写法)须配合语意和句意表达的条件并受其约束,同时有一字一音、一字二音、一字三音……等。请参考下列的中英文词对比。 上面对比表中所列示者只是英文词的基本变化部分,实际上英文词的词形变化还不止这些。语言学家把这种专门研究词形变化现象和规则的学问称为词形学(Morphology),通常简称为构词法(Word Formation)。 构词法基本上包括下列三项: 1.词根(Root) 2.派生词(Derivative) 3.合成词(Compound Words) A.词根(Root) 定义:英文词形成的“根基”部分称为词根(亦称字根)。 现以“like”为例列示如下: Root like................................................... 像 a-like.................................................... 相像 un-like................................................... 不像 like-ness............................................ 相像 un-like-ness............................................ 互不相像 解说:如例所示“like”就是“alike…unlikeness”等词的词根。因英文词源自拉丁语者约占五分

构词法 知识讲解

构词法 编稿:张桂琴审稿:梁晓 概念引入: Let's go out for a walk .我们到外面去散散步吧。 Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗? We will try our best to better our living conditions. 我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 语法讲解: 英语构词法种类 英语构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。定义与精讲 1. 合成: 有两个或更多的词合成一个词。 复合名词 class + room = classroom (名词+名词) black+ board= blackboard (形容词+名词) 复合形容词 warm + heart + ed = warmhearted 热心肠的 good + looking = good-looking 相貌好看的 world +wide= worldwide世界性的 hard+ working=hard-working 努力工作的 复合动词 over + come = overcome克服(副词+动词) 复合数词 fifty+ four= fifty-four 复合代词 everyone,somebody, anything, nobody ( 不定代词+名词) 复合副词 down+ stairs = downstairs在楼下( 形容词+名词) whole+ heartedly =wholeheartedly 全神贯注地(副词+副词) 2. 派生: 是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。 happy --- unhappy develop --- development 前缀: 一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化,只有少数能引起词类的变化。 mis- 错误的+ understand v. 理解 --- misunderstand v. 误解 en + large adj. 大的--- enlarge v. 扩大 后缀: 一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。 care v. 照料 --- careful adj. 细心的 work v. 工作

词根词缀构词法汇总

词汇进阶-----词根词缀构词法汇总1.常见的词根(转自无优雅思) 常见的词根 1) aer, ar, 含义是“空气,大气” aer oplane, aerial, 2) ag, act, ig, 含义是“做,动作” a ctive, agent, reaction, 3) alt, 含义是“高”,altitude, 4) alter, altern, altr, 含义是“其它,变更” alternate, 5) bio, bi, bion, 含义是“生物,生命” biology, bionics(仿生学) 6) brev, bri, brief, 含义是“短” brie f, abbreviation, abridge(节略) 7) cap, capt, cept, cip, 含义是“取,获” capture, except, concept, capacity 8) ced, ceed, cess, 含义是“行,让 步” proceed, succeed, excess(过度) 9) centr, centr, 含义是“中心” conc entrate, eccentric(偏心的) 10) clain, clam, 含义是“呼喊” claim, proclaim, exclaim 11) clos, clud, 含义是“闭合” conclud e, enclose, include 12) col, cult, 含义是“耕耘” colony, c ultivate, agriculture 13) cor, cord, 含义是“心” cordial, re cord, accord 14) curr, cur, cour, 含义是“跑,动作”current, occur, concurrence(同时发生) 15) dic, dict, 含义是“说,示” dictate, edit, indicate, predict 16) doc, doct, 含义是“教” doctor, do cument. 17) duc, duct含义是“引导,传导” int roduce, produce, conduct, deduct( 推论) 18) fact, fac, fect, dic, dit, 含义是“做,创造” factory, effect, profit, fac ulty, perfect 19) fend, fens, 含义是“打,击” defen ce, offence 20) fer, 含义是“搬运,移转” ferry, tr ansfer, defer(迟延) 21) fin, finit, 含义是“终,极” final, f inish, confine 22) firm, 含义是“坚固” firm, confirm, affirm(断定) 23) fix, 含义是“固定” prefix, affix (附加) 24) flect, flex, 含义是“弯曲” flexible, reflex 25) flor, flour, flower, 含义是“花” fl ower, flourish 26) form, 含义是“形” uniform, formu la, transform, reform, deform 27) forc, fort, 含义是“力,强度” forc e, enforce, effort 28) gen, genit, 含义是“生产,发生” g enerate, generation 29) gram, graph, 含义是“书写,记录”telegram, diagram, photograph 30) grad, gress, gred, gree, 含义是“步,阶段” gradually, degree, progres s 31) hab, habit, hibit, 含义是“保持,住” inhabit, exhibit, prohibit 32) her, hes, 含义是“粘附” adhere, c ohesion 33) ject, jet, 含义是“抛射” project, i nject 34) jour, 含义是“日,一天” journal(日记), journey, adjourn(延期) 35) jug, junct, 含义是“结合,连合” c onjunction, junction(连合) 36) labour, labor, 含义是“劳动,工作”labourer, elaborate, collaborate 37) lect, leg, lig, 含义是“挑选,采集”collect, select, lecture 38) lif, liv, 含义是“生活,生存” life, alive, live 39) loc, 含义是“场所,位置” location, dislocate(脱位)

相关文档
最新文档