大学英语写作 改错final

1

Almost every new innovation goes through three phases. When initially introducing into the market, the process 1. _____introducing：introduced; of adoption is slow. The early models are expensive and hard to use, and perhaps even unsafe. The economic impact is relatively great. 2.

_____great ：small; The second phase is the explosive one, where the innovation was rapidly adopted by a large number of people. It gets 3. _____was ：is; cheaper and easier to use and becomes something familiar. And then in the third stage, diffusion of the innovation slows down again, as if it permeates out across the economy. 4. _____ as 后面的if 去掉；During the explosive phase, whole new industries spring up to produce the new product or innovation, and to service it. For example, during the 1920s, there was dramatic 5. _____was 后面加a; acceleration in auto production, from 1.9 million in 1920 to 4.5 million in 1929. This boom was accompanied with all 6. _____with：by; sorts of other essential activities necessary for an auto-based nation: Roads had to been built for the cars to 7. _____been ：be; run on; refineries and oil wells, to provide the gasoline; and garages, to repair it. 8. _____it ：them; Historically, the same pattern is repeated again and again with innovations. The construction of the electrical system requested an enormous early investment in generation and 9. _____ requested ：required; distribution capacity. The introduction of the radio was followed by a buying spree by Americans what quickly brought radios into almost half of all households 10. _____what ：that.by 1930, up from nearly none in 1924.

2

When some nineteenth century New Yorkers said ―Harlem‖, they meant almost all of

Manhattan above Eighty-sixth Street.Toward the end of the century, however, a group

of citizens in upper Manhattan-want perhaps, to shape a closer 1._________

and more precise sense of community—designated a section that

they wished to have known as Harlem. The chosen area was the

Harlem which Blacks were moving in the first decades of the 2.________

new century as they left their old settlements on the middle and

lower blocks of the West Side.

As the community became predominantly Black, the very

word―Harlem‖ seemed to lose its old meaning. At time it was 3.________

easy to forget that ―Harlem‖was originally the Dutch name

―Harlem‖; the community it described had been founded by 4.________

people from Holland；and that for most of its three centuries—it

was first settled in the sixteen hundreds—it had been preoccupied 5.________

by White Ne w Yorkers. ―Harlem‖became synonymous to 6.________

Black life and Black style in Manhattan. Blacks living there

used the word as though they had coined it on themselves—not 7.________

only to designate their area of residence but to express their

sense of the various qualities of its life and atmosphere. As the

years passed, ―Harlem‖asserted an even larger meaning. In 8.________

the words of Adam Clayton Powell, Sr., the pastor of the

Abyssinian Baptist Church, Harlem ―became the symbol of liberty

and the P romised Land to Negroes everywhere‖.

By 1919 Harlem"s population had grown by several thousand.

It had received its share of wartime migration from the South,

the Caribbean, and parts of colonial Africa. Some of the

new arrivals merely lived for Harlem; it was New York they had 9.________

come to, looking for jobs and for all the other legendary opportunities

of life in the city. To others who migrated to Harlem, New

York was merely the city in which they found themselves: Harlem was exactly what they wished to be. 10.________

3

More people die of tuberculosis (结核病) than of any

other disease caused by a single agent. This has probably

been the case in quite a while. During the early stages of ___1____

the industrial revolution, perhaps one in every seventh ___2___

deaths in Europe’s crowded cities were caused by the ___3___

disease. From now on, though, western eyes, missing the __4____

global picture, saw the trouble going into decline. With

occasional breaks for war, the rates of death and

infection in the Europe and America dropped steadily __5___

through the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 1950s, the

introduction of antibiotics (抗菌素) strengthened the

trend in rich countries, and the antibiotics were allowed

to be imported to poor countries. Medical researchers ___6__

declared victory and withdrew.

They are wrong. In the mid-1980s the frequency of __7___

infections and deaths started to pick up again around the

world. Where tuberculosis vanished, it came back; in ___8___

many places where it had never been away, it grew better. ___9___

The World Health Organization estimates that 1.7

billion people (a th ird of the earth’s population) suffer

from tuberculosis. Even the infection rate was

falling, population growth kept the number of clinical

cases more or less constantly at 8 million a year. Around ____10___

3 million of those people died, nearly all of them in poor

countries。

4

Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary

greatly in the amount of listening they do after they start speaking, 1.________ and the late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey"

spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the

word obey is hardly accurate like a description of the eager and 2._____ delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can

speak, many children will ask questions in gesture and by making 3._____ questioning noises. Any attempt to trace the development from the

noises babies make to their first spoken words lead to considerable 4._____ difficulties. It is agree that they enjoy making noises, and that during

the first few months one or two noise sort themselves out as 5.____

particular indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since 6.___ these can be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can 7._____ hardly be regarded as early forms of language. Is is agreed, too, from 8.______ about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six

months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds making or words spoken to 9.______ them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point which one 10._____ can say that these imitation can be considered as speech.

5

A ―typical‖ British family used to consist of mother, father and two

children, and in recent years there have been many changes in family 1.____ life. Some of these have been caused by new laws and other 2. _____

are the result of changes in society. For example, for the law 3.___

made easier to get a divorce, the number of divorces has increased. 4. ______

In fact, one marriage in every three now end in divorce. This means that 5. ______ there are a lot of one-parent families. Society is now more tolerant than it

used to be with unmarried people, unmarried couples and single parents. 6._____

Another change has been caused by the fact people are living longer 7. ____

nowadays, and many old people lives alone following the death of their

partners. As a cause of these changes in the pattern of people’s lives, there 8.____

are many families consist of only one person or one person and children. .9._____

You might think that marriage and the families are not so popular as they

once are. However, the majority of divorced people marry again and they 10._____

sometimes take responsibility for a second family.

6.

A piece of writing giving instructions has much in

common with the explanation of a process, but it is

addressed to a different reader and served a different 1. _____

purpose. The reader is someone who may be expecting to 2. _____

perform the process, and the purpose is to enable him to

perform that properly rather than just to understand it. 3.____

In one sense of the word, instructions seem to mean the

same thing like orders; but there is a difference between 4. ____

ordering a person to do something and tell him how to do 5.____

something. The two possibilities are not mutually

exclusive, and both may be called for some occasions. 6. _____

In our context, however, giving instructions means

giving information rather than giving orders, even

though such an information may sometimes be expressed 7. _____

in the imperative form.

In technical writing giving instructions are usually a 8. _____

matter of telling how to perform some physical process

such as assembling, using, inspecting, or repairing

equipments, performing a test, or doing some job in a 9. _____

laboratory. Such instructions are given by manufacturers

to dealers who sell and service their products and to

producers who use them; they comprise 10._____

the bulk of the contents of laboratory manuals; they are

produced, in the form of instruction manuals, as a result

of enormous labor, by the multimillion-dollar industries that serve the armed forces.

7

When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get good score on a certain kind of test , or even the ability to do with well in school; these are at 1.____ with: / best; only indicators of something larger, deeper, and farmore important. By intelligence they mean a style of2.___they: we; life, a way of behaving in various particularly in new, strange, and puzzled situations. The true test of 3.____ puzzled puzzling; intelligence is not how much we know how to do, but how we behave when we won’t know what to do. 4.____Won’t: don’t ;The intelligent persons, young or old, meeting a 5.____ persons: person; new situation or problem, opens himself up to it; he tries to

take in with mind and senses at everything he can 6.____ . at: /; about it; he thinks about it, instead of about himself or what might cause to happen to him; he copes with it 7.____ what: what; it boldly, imaginatively, resourcefully; and if not confidently at least hopelessly; if he fails to master it, 8._____ hopelessly: hopefully; he looks without shame or fear to master at his mistake 9.____ mistake: mistakes; and learns what he can from them. This is intelligence. Clearly its roots lie in a certain feeling about life, and one’s self with respect to life. Just as clear, 10.____ clear: clearly; unintelligence is not what most psychologists seem to suppose, the same things as intelligence only less of it.

8.

Some people, in all seriousness, say that humans will be living in space within the next hundred or so years. Planet Earth will be crowded, dirty and lack of resources. A sort of exodus

--1._____lack—short; of mankind will begin. Spaceships will be assembled so that they revolve around the earth. Some may orbit around Mars. These space stations will be serviced by space buses. We saw the first space bus launch in 2. _____ launch—launched ;April 1981. This was "Columbia", it made several 3. _____ it—which ;orbits around the earth and then returned, landing on a huge dry lake bed in California. "Columbia‖ will be used again. Previous spaceships have been abandoned, only the nose cone being used to bring the crews back to earth. 4. _____ crews—crew; Upon established, each space station will 5. _____ upon—once; generate its own atmosphere and have its own agriculture. It will need to rotation to provide 6. _____ rotation—rotate; an artificial gravity; people will be forced inwards 7. _____. inwards-outwards’from the center by centrifugal force. The moon and Mars could become new sources of

new materials. Driving through space will no 8. _____ will—would; longer need Earth fuel- the energy would come from the sun. This energy would be converted from 9. _____ from—into; electricity to work magnetic rockets. That all sounds quite fantastically but, with --10. _____ fantastically—fantastic ;the rapid development of modern technology, who

knows about what the future holds?

9.

Time spent in a bookstore can be enjoyable, if 1. _____ if – whether; you are a book-lover or merely there to buy a book as present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelters away a sudden shower. 2. _____(away) from; Whatever the reasons, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings. The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust jacket is irresistible, even this method of selection ought 3. _____(even) although; not to be followed, as you might end up with a rather bored book. You soon become engrossed in 4. _____ bored –boring; some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far much 5. ____(far) too ; time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment -- without buying a book, of course. This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is impossible to do this. A music shop is very much 6. _____ impossible – possible; like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart's content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach to you with the inevitable 7. _____ to---- /; greeting: "Can I help you, Sir?" You needn't buy

anything if you don't want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain the background until you 8. _____ (remain) in; have finished browsing. Then, only then, are his services necessary. Of course, you may want to find out where a particular section is, since when he 9. _____ since – but; has led you there, the assistant should retire discreetly and look as he is not interested in 10. _____ (as) if; selling a single book.

10.

The key to being a winner is to have desire and a goal from which you refuse to be deterred (被吓住). That desire fuels your dreams and the special goal keeps you focusing. 1. _____ focused; Deeply down we all have a hope that our -2_____ Deep; destiny is not to be average and prosaic. Everyone talks about a good game, but the winner goes out and do something. To win, there has to be movement 3. _____. does; and physical action. Attitudes and persistence can help us become

who we want to be. 4. _____ what; Competition is the best motivator. Because 5. _____

While/Although; many people use competition as an excuse for not doing something, those who really want to success 6. _____ succeed; see competition as an opportunity, and they're

willing to do the tough work necessarily to win. 7. _____ necessary; Learn to deal with fear. Fear is the greatest deterrent to taking risk. People worry so much 8. _____ risks; about failing that their fear paralyzes them, drained the energy they might otherwise be using to 9. _____ draining; grow. You can cultivate self-respect by developing a commitment to your own talents. It may be necessary to do the things you fear the most inorder to put that fear in rest, so that it can no

10. _____. to; longer control you.

11.

Today in the United States, as in many other areas of the world, shoppers have become increasingly concerned about ―getting what they pay for‖. The only

1.way to sure you really do get what you pay for is to read 1.____ to sure ----- to make sure /

to be sure ; the label carefully at everything you buy. This is 2.____ at------ of; especially true when you shop for food and clothing.

2.In the United States where there is a law that

3.____ where ------ /

3.requires clothing manufactures to listing the material

4.____ listing---- list; contents of every

article of clothing. Although each

4.person must judge by the quality, weight, fit, and feel

5.____ feel----feeling ;of a piece of

clothing for himself before he decides to buy it, you should be sure that if an article is

advertised as becoming wool, for example, the label says that it is 6.____ becoming----being;

wool. Be sure to notice just how much of each kind of

material is contained in a piece of clothing. A wool coat

5.is likely to keep you very warm if it is actually made of 7.____ likely----unlikely; only 15

percent wool and 85 percent cotton!The labels on food should also be read carefully. For

6.example, don’t be confused by two bottles of juice that seems 8.____ seems----seem; to be the

same size but charge different prices. One may

7.contain more juice than the other. See the label to be 9.____ to be ---- to be sure; more of the

size or weight of a product before you buy it.

Passage 1

1. introducing：introduced;

2. great ：small;

3. was ：is;

4. as 后面的if 去掉；

5. was 后面加a;

6. with：by;

7. been ：be; 8. it ：them; 9. requested ：required;

10. what ：that.

Passage 2

1. want→ wanting

2. Harlem ∧which → to

3. time → times

4.Harlem; ∧the community → that

5.preoccupied → occupied 6．to → with

7.on → ／8.asserted → assumed

9.for → in 10.what → where

Passage 3

1.in -> for

2. seventh -> seven

3. were -> was

4. now -> then

5. the - > /

6. imported -> exported

7. are -> were 8. vanished 前加had

9. better->worse 10. constantyl -> constant Passage 4

1. after -> before

2.like -> as

3.in -> by

4. lead -> leads

5.noise -> noises

6. particular -> particularly

7. can be said -> can not be said 8. from前加that

9. making -> made 10. which前加at

passage 5

1. and -> but

2. other -> others

3. for -> since

4. made -> made it

5. end -> ends

6. with -> of

7. the fact -> the fact that 8. cause -> result

9. consist -> consisting或consist前加which或that

10.are -> were

passage 6.

1. Served: serves

2. expecting: expected

3. that: it

4. like: as

5. tell: telling

6. some: on some

7. an/ 8. are: is

9. job; jobs 10. producers: customers passage 7

1. with: /

2. they: we

3. puzzled puzzling

4. Won’t: don’t

5. persons: person

6. at: /

7. what: what it 8. hopelessly: hopefully

9. mistake: mistakes 10. clear: clearly

passage 8

1. lack--short

2. launch--launched

3. it--which

4. crews--crew

5. crews--crew

6. rotation--rotate

7. inwards-outwards

8. will--would 9. from—into

10. fantastically--fantastic

passage9

1. if – whether

2. (away) from

3. (even) although

4. bored – boring

5. (far) too

6. impossible – possible

7. to---- / 8. (remain) in

9. since – but 10. (as) if

passage 10

1. focused

2. Deep

3. does

4. what

5. While/Although

6. succeed

7. necessary 8. risks

9. draining 10. to

Passage 11

1.to sure ----- to make sure / to be sure

2.at------ of

3.where ------ /

4.listing---- list

5.feel----feeling

6.becoming----being

7.likely----unlikely

8.seems----seem

9.to be ---- to be sure