初中非谓语动词知识点总结

初中非谓语动词知识点总结
初中非谓语动词知识点总结

非谓语动词(不定式、动名词)

【考点概述】

非谓语动词的本意是不能做谓语的词性,但是它具有谓语动词的性质。非谓语动词是英语中特有的,在汉语中没有此概念。所以在掌握此语法是比较困难的,在平时的备考之中应注意多多练习。

【考点释义】

考点一:不定式

(1)构成:to+动词原形(do)如:

I like to swim.

注意:不定式有省“to”的不定式和不省“to”的不定式两类,但多数以不省“to”的不定式为主。如:I heard him (to)sing. 我听到他在唱歌。

(2)句法功能:

1. 作主语

在英语中为了避免头重脚轻,当不定式作主语时有时主语太长时我们用形式主语“it”来作“形式主语”,将真正主语移植动词不定时之后。形式主语也就是我们所说的“不定式的复合结构”。其构成为“It +be +(for/of sb) to do sth. 如:

① It is very important ( us) to study English.

= To study English is very important for us. 学英语对我们来说是很重要的

② It is very kind ( you) to help me.

= To help me is very kind of you. 你帮助我太好了。

【易错警示】我们在区别“of”和“for”的方法如下:

当介词“of”或“for”后面接的代词与前面形容词之间能否构成主谓逻辑关系就决定是用介词“of”或“for”。如果能够成主谓逻辑关系时我们使用介词“of”,反之则用介词“for”。例如上述两个例子。

①It is very important (for us) to study English. Us is very important.(不成立)

由于不能构成主谓关系,所以用介词“for”。

②It is very kind (of you) to help me. You are very kind. (成立)

由于构成主谓关系,所以用介词“of”。

2. 作宾语

当动词不定式作宾语是表示的是一种打算、希望、命令等。如:

① I want to read English magazines every day. 我每天想读英语杂志。(表想,希望)

② I determine to go for a long holiday. 我决定去度一个长假。(表打算,决定)【归纳】常接不定式作宾语的动词有如下:

want determine decide hope plan except would like 等。

3. 作宾补

当动词不定时作宾补即宾语补足语时宾补与宾语之间就会构成主谓的逻辑关系,宾补成立的条件唯此一条。

接不定式作宾补的动词有:“advice”、“ask”、“force”、“persuade”、

“allow”、“tell”、“encourage”、“order”、“want”等。如:

① My teachers ask us to finish homework quickly.

我们的老师要求我们快点完成作业。

② My parents allow me to play computer games three times a week.

我父母允许我一周玩三次电脑游戏。

③ The policeman order drivers to hand in much money.

这个警察命令司机们交许多钱。

【知识拓展】

省“to”的不定式如下:

feel(感觉);let、make、have(让);watch、see、look at、notice、observe(看);hear、 listen to(听);help(帮助)等某些感官动词或使役动词之后应省“to”。如:

①Let’s (to ) go hiking. 让我们郊游。

② I hear her (to) play computer in the room. 我听到她在房子里玩电脑。

4. 作状语

不定式作状语多作目的状语,表示一种将来或动作未发生。不定式偶尔也可以做结果状语,表示一种出乎意料之外的意思。不定式可以有集中形式:to do(不定式的一般式)、to be done(不定式的被动式)、to be doing(不定式的进行式)、to have done(不定式的完成式)、

to have been done(不定式的完成时的被动)。不定式作状语如下:

To make things easier, some people would rather just give money. 为了让事情更容易,一些人宁愿给钱。(不定式表目的“为了”)

【真题再现】

1. (2011.江西) Drivers shouldn’t be allowed ___ after drinking , or they will break the rule.

A. drive

B. drinking

C. to drive

D. to be drunk

2. (2011. 四川宜宾) It is very important for us ___ English well.

A. learn

B. learning

C. to learn

D. learned

考点二:分词

(1)结构:v-ing

(2)用法:

1.作主语

动名词作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式,实质上是保证主谓一致。如:

① Going to a British high school was an enjoyable experience for me.

去高中一年多我来说是一次愉快的经历。

②Eating too many fruit is good for us.

吃太多的水果对我们是有益处的。

2.作宾语

1)作介词的宾语:

动名词放在介词之后作介词的宾语,简称“介宾”。如:

He devotes himself to teaching students. 他致力于教学生

2)作动词的宾语:

动名词放在动词之后作动词的宾语,简称:动宾:。如:

I like going hiking. 我喜欢郊游。

【注意事项】动名词作宾语是指作动词或介词的宾语,这表示习惯或一般的动作。

3. 作定语

动名词作定语指的是被修饰名词的用途、作用,这一点是区分动名词和现在分词的重要方法;或者可以改写为一个定语从句来判断。如下是区分动名词和现在分词的演示:

①reading room= the room which is for reading. (表用途)——动名词

② a sleeping boy= the boy who is sleeping. (不表示用途)——现在分词

【注意】

①现在分词(短语)作定语可以放在被修饰名词前也可以放在被修饰名词之后。

②动名词(短语)作定语只是表示用途、作用,只能放在被修饰名词的前面,不可放在其

后。

4. 作表语

动名词作表语在许多的情况之下主语可以与其互换位置,但意思不改变。如:

My favorite subject is studying English=studying English is my favorite subject.学英语是我最喜欢的科目。(互换意思不变,故为动名词作表语)

【思维延伸】

跟动名词作宾语的动词(词组)有:

finish、practice、enjoy、mind、miss、have fun、be worth、be used to、have an opportunity in、spend等。

初中非谓语动词知识点总结

非谓语动词(不定式、动名词) 【考点概述】 非谓语动词的本意是不能做谓语的词性,但是它具有谓语动词的性质。非谓语动词是英语中特有的,在汉语中没有此概念。所以在掌握此语法是比较困难的,在平时的备考之中应注意多多练习。 【考点释义】 考点一:不定式 (1)构成:to+动词原形(do)如: I like to swim. 注意:不定式有省“to”的不定式和不省“to”的不定式两类,但多数以不省“to”的不定式为主。如:I heard him (to)sing. 我听到他在唱歌。 (2)句法功能: 1. 作主语 在英语中为了避免头重脚轻,当不定式作主语时有时主语太长时我们用形式主语“it”来作“形式主语”,将真正主语移植动词不定时之后。形式主语也就是我们所说的“不定式的复合结构”。其构成为“It +be +(for/of sb) to do sth. 如: ① It is very important ( us) to study English. = To study English is very important for us. 学英语对我们来说是很重要的 ② It is very kind ( you) to help me. = To help me is very kind of you. 你帮助我太好了。 【易错警示】我们在区别“of”和“for”的方法如下: 当介词“of”或“for”后面接的代词与前面形容词之间能否构成主谓逻辑关系就决定是用介词“of”或“for”。如果能够成主谓逻辑关系时我们使用介词“of”,反之则用介词“for”。例如上述两个例子。 ①It is very important (for us) to study English. Us is very important.(不成立) 由于不能构成主谓关系,所以用介词“for”。 ②It is very kind (of you) to help me. You are very kind. (成立) 由于构成主谓关系,所以用介词“of”。 2. 作宾语 当动词不定式作宾语是表示的是一种打算、希望、命令等。如: ① I want to read English magazines every day. 我每天想读英语杂志。(表想,希望) ② I determine to go for a long holiday. 我决定去度一个长假。(表打算,决定)【归纳】常接不定式作宾语的动词有如下: want determine decide hope plan except would like 等。 3. 作宾补 当动词不定时作宾补即宾语补足语时宾补与宾语之间就会构成主谓的逻辑关系,宾补成立的条件唯此一条。 接不定式作宾补的动词有:“advice”、“ask”、“force”、“persuade”、

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of little usc/good useless

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