英语语法 -ing分词的用法
英语语法-ing分词的用法
ing分词的用法
1、-ing分词的构成
-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）：
一般式完成式
主动形式doing 主动形式having done
被动形式being done 被动形式having been done
-ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如：
Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.
不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。
His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。
2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式：
-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如：
Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。
3. -ing分词的被动式：
-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。
注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如：
Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。
This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。
4. -ing分词的语法作用
-ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
1)–ing分词（短语）作主语：
Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。
Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。
在下面两种结构中，-ing分词也作主语。
①为了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如：
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。
It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。
②在There is no结构中，通常用-ing分词。如：
There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史车轮不可阻挡。
2) -ing分词（短语）作表语：
His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是收集邮票。
The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。
3) -ing分词作宾语：
①–ing分词作动词宾语。如：I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。
We enjoy attending Miss Li''s class. 我们喜欢听李老师的课。
②-ing分词作宾语也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语，而用it作形式宾语。如：
I don’t think it possible living in such a cold place. 我认为住在这么寒冷的地方是不可能的。Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试一次会有好处吗？
③-ing分词作介词宾语，经常用在一些短语的后面。如：
I'm against inviting him to dinner. 我反对邀请他来吃饭。
They don’t feel like walking that much. 他们不喜欢走那么多路。
此类短语还有很多。如：look forward to（渴望，盼望）, be proud of（以……自豪）, be responsible for（对……负责）, insist on（坚持）, think of（考虑，想到）, dream of（梦想）, object to（反对，抗议）, hear of（听说）, prevent…from（防止，阻止）, keep…from（防止，阻止）, stop…from （防止，阻止）, be engaged in（从事于）, depend on（依靠，依赖）, thank…for（因……而道谢）, excuse…for（因……而道歉）, aim at（目的在于）, devote…to（献身于）, set about （着手做）, be/get used to（习惯于）, be fond of（喜欢）, be afraid of（害怕）, be tired of（对……厌烦）, succeed in（成功地做……）, be interested in（对……感兴趣）, be ashamed of（对……感到羞愧）等等。
注意：在有些句子中，介词常可省去。如：
I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners. 我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。He used to spend a lot of time (in) playing games. 过去他常花很多时间玩游戏。
What can prevent us (from) getting married? 有什么能阻止我们结婚？
另外，-ing分词可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语，在句中作状语。如：
He left ahead of time without saying a word. 他一句话也没说就提前离开了。
Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children.
除了做饭和缝纫以外，她还要照顾四个孩子。
On hearing the news, all the pupils jumped with joy. 听到这个消息后，所有的学生都高兴得跳了起来。
4) -ing分词作定语：
①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如：
reading room 阅览室swimming pool 游泳池dining car 餐车
sleeping car 卧车singing competition 歌咏比赛waiting room 候车室
②-ing分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，也相当于一个定语从句。如：
Who is the comrade standing by the door? 站在门边的同志是谁？
They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
③–ing分词还可以作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，常用逗号和句子其它部分分开。如:
The words, usually dealing with current work, were mostly written by himself.
歌词一般讲当前的工作，大部分是他自己写的。
When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy. 当她出现的时候，约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑了过去。
5) -ing分词做状语：
-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
①-ing分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。如：
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。
②-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。
Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night. 因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。
③–ing分词短语作结果状语。如：
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。
④-ing分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：
They stood there for half an hour，watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。
Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.
年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。
⑤-ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如：
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
注：-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。
⑥―with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词‖结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：
His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。
例：
①The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused
B. to have caused
C. to caused
D. having caused
②----―You can’t catch me!‖ Janet shouted, ______ away.
A. run
B. running
C. to run
D. ran
③It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ______ the answers ready will be of great help.
A. To have had
B. Having had
C. Have
D. Having
④_____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A. Being separated
B. Having separated
C. Having been separated
D. To be separated
⑤Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _____ fun.
A. had
B. have
C. to have
D. having
⑥Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____ a record $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached
B. reaching
C. to reach
D. to be reaching
⑦It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _____ a look at the sports stars.
A. had
B. having
C. to have
D. have
⑧_____ more about university course, call (920)7463789.
A. To find out
B. Finding out
C. Find out
D. Having found out
简析：1.D.结果状语，时间有明显先后之分；2.B.伴随状语；3.D.条件状语，有明显时间先后之分；4.C.原因状语，时间有明显先后之分；5.D.伴随状语；6.B.结果状语。7.C.作目的状语；8.A.作目的状语；
6) -ing分词作补语：
①--ing分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语，作宾语补语。如：
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.
我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。
Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.
昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷东西。
②上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，-ing分词可看成是主语补语。如：
We were kept waiting for quite a long time. 让我们等了好长时间。
Lily was never heard singing that song again. 人们再也没有听到吉丽唱这首歌了。
5. -ing分词的复合结构：
-ing分词的复合结构通常由物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词所有格或者名词的普通格+-ing 分词构成，在句子开头时必须用物主代词和名词所有格，通常在句中作主语和宾语。如：His coming made us very happy. 他的到来使我们大家都很高。
He was awakened by someone’s knocking at the door. 他被某人的敲门声吵醒了。
6. –ing分词作主语和表语时与不定式的区别：
1）、-ing分词和动词不定式作主语和表语的主要区别在于：在表示比较抽象的一般的多次性行为时多用-ing分词；在表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。如：
Smoking is forbidden here. （泛指吸烟）这里禁止吸烟。
It’s not good for you to smoke so much. （指你吸烟）吸这么多烟对你的身体不好。
2）. 高中阶段能接-ing分词作宾语的常见动词：
mind（介意）, suggest（建议）, enjoy（欣赏，）, admit（承认）, appreciate（感激，欣赏）, avoid （避免）, delay（推迟）, dislike（不喜欢，厌恶）, escape（逃脱）, finish（完成）, forgive （宽恕）, imagine（想象）, keep（保持）, miss（错过）, practise（训练）, resist（抵抗，抵制）, risk（冒险）, deny（拒绝，否认）, consider（考虑）等。
例：He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _____ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
答案B.后risk 后接动名词，he与lose是主谓关系。
3）. 有些动词既能接不定式，又能接-ing分词，含义有所不同。如：
①forget, remember, regret等词后面接不定式表示不定式动作后于谓语动作，而后接-ing分词作宾语表示分词动作先于谓语动作。如：
Do you remember seeing me before? 你记得以前见过我吗？
Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时要记得锁门。
②动词mean, stop, try, go on等动词后面接分词和接不定式作宾语，意思也有所不同。如：
I try not to think about that. 我尽量不去想那件事。
Would you please try doing that again? 请你再试一次好吗？
I mean to change it for another one. 我想换成另外一个。
Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。Having finished the exercises, we went on to learn the new words in the next unit.
做完练习以后，我们继续学习下一单元的单词。
After a short rest, they went on working. 短暂地休息以后，他们又继续工作。
例：When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _____ at the party, but not _______. A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave
C. arriving, leaving
D. arriving, to leave
答案C.记得来过晚会，用arriving,但是后的动作仍然记得，用leaving.
③动词allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟-ing分词作宾语，不可以接动词不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补语。如：
Please permit me to say a few words. 请允许我说几句话。
We don’t permit smoking here. 我们这儿不允许吸烟。
④动词need, require, want作―需要‖解时，后面接-ing分词或不定式的被动式。如：
The room wants cleaning/to be cleaned. 这个房间需要打扫。
These little children require looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully.
这些小孩需要细心地照料。
⑤动词like, hate, prefer等后面，如表示一般性动作，多用-ing分词；如指特定的具体的某次动作，多用不定式。如：
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim with you. 我喜欢游泳，但我不喜欢和你一起游泳。
I prefer walking to school every day. 我情愿每天步行去学校。
I prefer to stay at home today. 今天我情愿呆在家里。
⑥动词begin, start后面，如表示有意识地开始做某事，常用-ing分词，否则用不定式更多一些。如：
We began to do that job last year. 我们去年开始做那工作的。
They started talking about the film at once. 他们立刻开始谈论那部电影。
注：下面几种情况多用不定式作宾语：
a. 当start, begin本身用于进行时态时。
When the teacher came into the room, he was starting to write to his parents.
老师走进教室的时候，他正开始写信给他的父母亲。
b. 当start, begin后接表示心理活动的动词时。
Hearing the news, he started to think of a good way to solve the problem.
一听到消息，他就开始考虑一个好办法来解决这个问题。
c. 当句子的主语是无生命的东西时。
We were about to leave when it began to rain. 我们正准备离开，天开始下雨了。
7. -ing分词作表语的两种不同含义：
①-ing分词作表语可以表示主语的内容是什么。如：
Their job is building houses. 他们的工作是盖房子。
The real question is getting to know the needs of the people. 真正的问题是了解人民的需要。
②-ing分词作表语还可以表示主语所具有的特征。如：
This story is very interesting. 这故事很有趣。
The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。
①–ing分词作定语可用来说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能。如：
reading material 阅读材料walking stick 手杖fishing pole 鱼杆
flying suit 飞行服writing table 写字台listening practice 听力训练
②-ing分词作定语还可以表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。如：
developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家
a growing city = a city that is growing 发展着的城市
8. 不定式和-ing分词作宾语补语的区别：
在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可用-ing分词构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用-ing分词时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。如：
Do you hear someone knocking at the door? (Someone is knocking at the door.) 有人在敲门你听见了吗？
Do you hear someone knock at the door? (Someone knocked at the door just now.) 你听见有人敲门了吗？
9. 高中阶段常见的带介词to的短语，后接-ing分词或名词。如：
admit to（承认）, contribute to（捐助、贡献）, get down to（着手做）, give way to（让位于），keep to （坚持、遵守）, lead to （导致）,look forward to（期待）, take to（从事）, turn to （求助于）, stick to（忠于、坚持）, point to（指向、表明）, see to （注意、处理）, be used to （习惯于）, devote oneself to （献身于）, be equal to （胜任的、等于）, be familiar to （为……熟悉）.
高中阶段有一些固定的-ing分词短语，如generally speaking（一般来说）, judging from…（根据……来判断）, considering…（考虑到……）, talking of…（谈到……，提到……）, supposing…（假如……）等，它们的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致。这种短语可以被称之为句子的状语，也可当作一个插入语。如：
Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada. 从他的口音看他一定来自加拿大。Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for free.
考虑到他是多么的穷，我们决定让他免费听音乐会。
Exercises:
1. The officers narrowly escaped ___________in the hot battle.
A. have killed
B. to kill
C. to be killed
D. being killed
2.___________ the letter, he went out to post it.
A. Writing
B. Being writing
C. Having written
D. Written
3. Don't you remember ___________ ?
A. seeing the man before
B. to see the man before
C. saw the man before
D. to have seen the man before
4. People couldn't help ___________ the foolish emperor in the procession.
A. laugh at
B. to laugh at
C. laughing at
D. laughing on
5. We're looking forward ___________ the photo exhibition.
A. to visiting
B. to visit
C. to having visited
D. visiting
6. The girl ___________ under that tree is my sister.
A. sitting
B. sits
C. is sitting
D. sat
7. This sentence needs ___________ .
A. a improvement
B. improve
C. improving
D. improved
8. ___________ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual..
A. Not known
B. Known not
C. Knowing not
D. Not knowing
9. The next morning she found the man ___________ in bed, dead.
A. lying
B. lie
C. lay
D. laying
10. There was terrible noise ___________ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed
B. following
C. to be followed
D. being followed
11. The secretary worked late into the night, ___________ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. was preparing
12. "Can't you read?" Mary said ___________ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointing
13. How about two of us ___________ a walk down the garden?
A. to take
B. take
C. taking
D. to be taking
14. ---I must apologize for ___________ahead of time. ---That's all right.
A. letting you not know
B. not letting you know
C. letting you know not
D. letting not you know
15. ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ---Well, now I regret ___________ that.
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. to have done
D. having done
16. Would you ___________ me your identification card, sir?
A. mind to show
B. mind showing
C. trouble to show
D. trouble showing
17. He suggested ___________ on Saturday.
A. to have a meeting
B. having a meeting
C. a meeting to have
D. that having a meeting
18. It is no good ___________ to come now. He is busy.
A. if you ask him
B. to ask him
C. asking him
D. that you ask him
19. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used ___________ late for his lecture.
A. to have students
B. for students to be
C. for students' being
D. to students' being
20. He dressed himself quickly and ___________ his schoolbag, went to school.
A. carried
B. to carry
C. carrying
D. carries
21. ___________ for several weeks, the city needed food.
A. As having flooded
B. being flooded
C. Having been flooded
D. To flood
22. ___________ ill worried my parents greatly.
A. I fell
B. Me falling
C. My falling
D. I falling
23. She is writing a letter to a friend of hers, ___________ him to attend the meeting.
A. having invited
B. inviting
C. to invite
D. invited
24. Our town has dozens of factories, ___________several saw mills.
A. included
B. are including
C. are included
D. including
25. ___________ the classroom, the students went to the playground to watch the football match.
A. To clean
B. Having cleaned
C. Cleaned
D. Cleaning
1.（北京) ________in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait
B. Have waited
C. Having waited
D. To have waited
2.(上海) According to a recent U.S. survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week ______TV.
A. to watch
B. to watch
C. watching
D. watch
3.(上海) The flu is believed _______ be viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A. causing
B. being caused
C. to be caused
D. to have caused
4.(上海) The flowers ______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell
B. smelling
C. smelt
D. to be smelt
5.(天津) Don’t leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth.
A. run
B. running
C. being run
D. to run
6.(重庆) They see you as something of a worrier, ______ problems which don’t exist and crossing bridges long before you come to them.
A. settling
B. discovering
C. seeing
D. designing
7.(福建)The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______ the film stars had left.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. telling
D. told
8.(湖南) You were silly not _____ your car.
A. to lock
B. to have locked
C. locking
D. having locked
9.(江苏) The man insisted _______ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
A. find
B. to find
C. on finding
D. in finding
10.(江苏) The old man, _______ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work
B. working
C. to have worked
D. having worked
1-5 D C A C D 6---10 A C D A B
11---15 B A C B D 16---20 B B C D C 21---25 C C B D B
1—10 CCCBB CBBCD
专升本英语语法重点汇总
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练习8 分词 （） 1. __________ with the best students, I still have a long way to go. A. Having compared B. To compare C. Compared D. Compare （） 2. The music of the film _________ by him sounds so ___________ . A. playing, exciting B. played, excited C. playing, excited D. played, exciting （） 3. __________ against the coming hurricane, they dared not leave home. A. Warned B. Having warned C. To warn D. Warn （） 4. In __________ countries, you can’t always make yourself _______ by speaking English. A. English-speaking, understand B. English-spoken, understand C. English-speaking, understood D. English-speaking, understood （）5. After _____________ the old man, the doctor suggested that he ___________ a bad cold. A. examining, should catch B. examined, had caught C. examining, had caught D. examined, catch （） 6. _____________ , Tom jumped into the river and had a good time in it. A. Be a good swimmer B. Being a good swimmer C. Having been good swimmer D. To be a good swimmer （）7. ________ how to read the new words, I often look them up in the dictionary. A. Having not known B. Not to know C. Don’t know D. Not knowing （）8. As his parent, you shouldn’t have your child ___________ such a book. A. read B. to read C. reading D. be reading （）9. He returned from abroad ______________ that his mother had been badly ill. A. heard B. having been heard C. having phoned D. having been phoned
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英语语法详解ed分词(三)
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英语专升本考试重点复习内部资料 (专升本英语语法,词汇,阅读理解、翻译)
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非谓语动词-ed分词
学习必备欢迎下载 20XX届高三英语语法复习(11) 非谓语动词---过去分词(III) 一、不规则动词过去分词表 (1)AAA型 cost（花费）cost cost cut（割）cut cut hit（打）hit hit hurt 伤害）hurt hurt let（让）let let put（放）put put read （读）read read (2) AAB型 beat（跳动）beat beaten (3) ABA型 become（变成）became become come（来）came come run（跑）ran run (4) ABB型 dig（挖）dug dug get（得到）got got hang（吊死）hanged hanged hang（悬挂）hung hung hold（抓住）held held shine（照耀）shone shone sit（坐）sat sat win （赢）won won meet（遇见）met met keep （保持）kept kept sleep（睡）slept slept sweep（扫）swept swept feel（感觉）felt felt smell（闻）smelt smelt leave（离开）left left build（建设）built built lend（借出）lent lent send （传送）sent sent spend（花费）spent spent lose （丢失）lost lost burn （燃烧）burnt burnt learn（学习）learnt learnt mean（意思是）meant meant catch（抓住）caught caught teach（教）taught taught bring（带来）brought brought fight （战斗）fought fought buy（买）bought bought think（想）thought thought hear （听见）heard heard sell（卖）sold sold tell（告诉）told told say（说）said said find（找到）found found have/has（有）had had make（制造）made made stand（站）stood stood understand明白understood understood (5) ABC型 begin（开始）began begun drink（喝）drank drunk ring（铃响）rang rung sing （唱）sang sung swim（游泳）swam swum blow（吹）blew blown draw （画）drew drawn fly（飞）flew flown grow（生长）grew grown know（知道）knew known throw（投掷）threw thrown show（出示）showed shown break（打破）broke broken choose（选择）chose chosen forget（忘记）forgot forgotten (forgot) speak（说，讲）spoke spoken wake（醒）woke woke drive（驾驶）drove driven eat（吃）ate eaten fall（落下）fell fallen give（给）gave given rise（升高）rose risen take（取）took taken mistake（弄错）mistook mistaken ride（骑）rode ridden write（写）wrote written do（做）did done go（去）went gone lie（平躺）lay lain see（看见）saw seen wear （穿）wore worn be ( am, is, are )（是）was, were been 二、形式与含义
考研英语语法分词解析(三)考研
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高中英语语法：不定式和现在分词 一、不定式(to do的构成 1. 不定式的构成 不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成,在某些情况下to也可省略。不定式一般有时式和语态的变化,通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例: 主动式 被动式 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing / 完成进行式 to have been doing /
1 不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。如: They invited us to go there this summer. 他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。He stood aside for me to pass. 他站到一边让我通过。 2 不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之后发生,它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语,有时也可作主语、定语等。如: She seemed to have heard about this matter. 她似乎已听说过这件事。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 我很抱歉让你等了这么久。 I meant to have told you about it, but I happened to have an important thing to do. 我本来想告诉你这件事的,但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。 It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country. 对我来说,在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。 3 不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。如: It’s nice of you to be helping us these days. 你真好,这些天一直帮我们。 He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully. 他假装在认真地 听老师讲课。
专升本英语语法
语法 第一节词性 一．名词 1. 名词作形容词使用 名词可以修饰名外一个名词，起定语的作用，或于另一名词构成合成词。这时作定语用的名词一般用作单数名词。 They live in a country house. 他们住在乡下的房子里。 He often visits a night club. 他经常去夜总会。 2. 名词的所有格 1) 表示人或动物以及拟人化事物的名词在词位加’构成所有格，例如：the gentleman’ car , the dog’ food. 这种所有格也可以用于表示时间、重量、距离等的名词，如：yesterday’s news; three hour’s journey. 2) 如果修饰语有如下情况，应该在前面加of构成其所有格。 (1)表示无生命事物：the window of the house; the color of the car (2)集体名词：the capital of the firm, a member of this society (3)the+形容词：the misfortune of the young, the mystery of this coc iety (4)当a, an, this, these, that, any, some, no等词和所有格名词修饰同一名词时，需要同时用以上两种形式，称为双重所有格：I don’t use Tom’s car because I don’t quite appreciate that car of this. (5)有些时候两个名词所有格并列使用，他们后面的名词若分别属于两者所有，须在两个名词所有格后面分别加’s；若属于两个名词所共有，则在第二个名词后面加’s：Martin and Alice’s car broke down again, but luckly they knew how to fix it. (car为单数，说明这辆车市他们两个人所有。) (6)用连字符号连接的两个或者两个以上的词作定语时，其中的名词不能用复数：100-metre race（百米跑） 3) 名词的数 绝大多数棵树名词的复数形式为名词加-s或者-es, 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词要先变y为i，再加es.
英语 -ED分词 的用法
-ED分词 -ED分词 -ED分词（-ED Participle）即传统语法所指的“过去分词”（Past Participle）, 是非限定动词之一。 -ED分词有两种形式：规则动词形式和不规则动词形式。规则动词形式由规则动词＋-ED 构成；不规则动词有其特殊的-ED分词。在语法功能上，它在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING 分词相同，可以作表语，定语，状语，也可以用在复合结构中，不管它作什么成分，其最基本的含义是“被动”的。-ED分词在语法功能和意义上与-ING分词有一定的区别。 一、-ED分词与-ING分词的区别 虽然在语法功能上，-ED分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同，但在意义上两者有差别：-ED分词表示被动的意义而-ING分词则表示主动的意义；-ED分词表示已经完成和被动的动作而-ING分词则表示一般性的或正在进行的动作，在表现形式上，-ING分词有“一般式”和“完成式”与“主动式”和“被动式”之分；而-ED分词只有一种形式。下边我们分析-ING 分词与-ED分词在语法功用上的区别。 1. 作表语时，-ING分词表示主语所具有的特征而-ED分词表示主语所处的状态 The book is quite interesting. I am interested in the book very much. The play is more exciting than any I have ever seen. That piece of land lay deserted. 2. 作状语时-ING分词表示主语正在进行的另一动作而-ED分词则表示主语发生动作的背景或情况 1) Having been served lunch，_________ . ［A］the problem was discussed by the members of the committee ［B］the committee members discussed the problem ［C］it was discussed by the committee members the problem ［D］a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee (B) 2) _______for her anthropological(人类学的) research，Margaret Mead also was involved with(涉及) the World Federation for Mental Health. [A] She is noted primarily [B] Noted primarily [C] Primarily is noted [D] She primarily noted (B) 3) Considered one of the leading poets in America today，___________ . ［A］a number of books and plays have also been written by Sonia Sanchez ［B］Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and plays ［C］a number of Sonia Sanchez's books and plays have been written ［D］there have been a number of books and plays written by Sonia Sanchez (B) 3. 作定语时，①-ING分词表示正在进行的动作，而-ED分词表示动作发生在谓语动词之前；
江苏专转本英语考试语法重要资料全集
江苏省专转本英语考试语法重点大全 一）倒装句 谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。从倒装的形式来看，可分为全部倒装(full inversion)和部分倒装(partial inversion)两种。前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前，而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或be 动词等功能置于主语之前。 一、全部倒装 1、句首为there be, stand, lie, exist, remain, appear, seem, come 等时，引出全部倒装。 There stands a stone bridge across the river. There stands an old pine tree on the summit of the mountain. 2、句首为状语方位词或表示地点的介词短语： Then from the portable radio in the corner came the announcer’s voice.从角落里的便携式收音机里传来了播音员的声音。 At his side lay Eva Brown. 在他的身旁躺着的是爱娃.布劳恩。 3、以here, there, now, then等开头的句子，位于常用be, come, go, begin, follow 等，引出倒装： There goes the bell. 铃响了。 Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。 Now come your turn. 现在轮到你了。 但是，如主语是代词而不是名词时则不发生倒装。 4、在表示动作的简短句子里，为了生动，可把副词放于句首引出倒装。
英语语法：分词构句
分词构句 A.分词构句的形成 原则上,主要子句与分词构句主词一致 1.When I opened the door, I heard a strange sound. Opening the door, I heard a strange sound. 主次相同,省略; 连接词视情况省略 2.As I was ill, I couldn’t go to school. Being ill, I couldn’t go to school. B.分词构句的含义 a.表时间 意指when, while等 1.Seeing the accident, she began to cry. When she saw the accident, she began to cry. 2.Keeping him waiting outside, she did her shopping. do shopping在买, go shopping逛逛而已 While she kept him waiting outside, she did her shopping. b.表原因,理由 意指because, since, as等 1.Because he is a kind man, he is loved by everyone. Being a kind man, he is loved by everyone. 2.Because I didn’t know what to say, I remained silent.
Not knowing what to say, I remained silent. c.表附带状况 1.I ran all the way, and I arrived just in time. I ran all the way,arriving just in time. 2.I washed the dishes as I listen to my favorite music. I washed the dishes, listening to my favorite music. d.表条件if 1.If you turn left after the bank, you will see our house on you right. If turning left after the bank, you will see our house on you right. If 不可省 2.If you arrive earlier, you will have to wait for a while. If arriving earlier, you will have to wait for a while. e.表让步though, although 1.Though I admit (that) you’re right, I still can’t agree with you. Admitting you’re right, I stil l can’t agree with you. 子音+元音+子音 >双写加ing 2.Although he lives near my house, he seldom comes to see me.
专升本英语语法知识归纳(完整版)
一时态和语态：16种表现形式 一、一般现在时（do/does;am/is/are) 考点如下： 1.时间状语： 2.表示客观事实，永恒真理和规律。 必考点1：3.（主将从现）在时间和条件状语从句中，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时表示一般将来时。 考法：If you pass the spoken English test,you will get a chance to go abroad. 解析：考试一般都会给出时间/条件连词，且从句中的时态，让考生们选择主句中的时态。 注意1：如果从句中的时态是do/does,那么主句中是will do/shall do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为am/is/are;这里will do出现的考点频率最高）注意2：如果从句中的时态是did,那么主句中是would do/shouldl do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为was/were;这里would/should do出现的考点频率最高） 2.He_______as soon as he finishes his homework. A.goes to bed B.will goes to bed C.went to bed D.will go to bed 主将从现例题：用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.If he_______(study)harder,he will catch up with us soon. 2.Frank_______(see)a film if he’s free next Saturday. 3.We won’t go to the park if it________(rain)tomorrow. 注意3：主句中暗含一般将来时，从句中仍然用一般现在时（do/does)： 1.the new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______ a.will arrive b.arrives c.is arriving d.is going to arrive
ed 分词系表结构和被动语态的区别
ed 分词系表结构和被动语态的区别 -ed分词这个结构在英语表达中是常见的。它既可以是系表结构，又可以是被动语态。因此，我们可以称之为静动句的混合体。静句是用来描写事物的性质或状态的。动句是用来描写动作及动作过程。由于在表达形式上这两种结构是一样的，都由be ＋ed分词构成，这样就给区别系表结构和被动语态带来了麻烦。现将几种区别方法归纳如下： 一．从动词的性质来区分 英语中的不及物动词不用于被动语态。但是，不及物动词的过去分词可以和动词be连用构成系表结构。在这个结构中，过去分词只表示动作已经完成。强调事物的状态。常见的这种形式不及物动词有：gone，come，arrived，fallen，r etired，startled，vexed，mistaken等。这些不及物动词都具有描述性质。例如： Her fever is gone，but she still feels weak． I shall be vexed if you keep mentioning it． The interviewer was quite mistaken about the incidents which happened in the campus． 注意：如果构成分词的动词是一个持续性动词，不表示终极界限，不表示动作结果，而强调动作的持续性，在这种情况下谓语大多数是被动语态。例如： All the books were carried to the library． Several students were honoured for their excellent performance in the Engl ish contest． 二．从句子表达的内容来区分 被动语态表示动作，句子的主语是动作的承受者；系表结构中的过去分词已基本上失去了动词的意义，只起到一个形容词的作用，在句子中作表语，说明主语的性质，或所具有的特征或所处的状态。例如： The houses were beautifully decorated．（系表） The houses were decorated and rented to those who were badly in need o f shelters．（被动） The book is not illustrated．（系表） The book was illustrated by a famous artist．（被动）