if和unless区别和练习_共5页

Chapter 1 语法

If 和unless引导的条件状语从句

我们用if引导的条件状语从句来讨论可能的条件以及该条件成立时可能的结果。一. 学习if引导的条件状语从句的用法，我们可先从如下的口诀入手：

If条件句不一般，几个要点记心间；

条件句，放在前，逗号要句中间

条件句表可能，主句多用将来时；

条件句表事实，主句常用现在时。

We can walk there if we can’t find a bus. 如果我们找不到公车，也能走路去那里

主句条件状语从句

If it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the zoo. 如果明天下雨，我们就不去动物园

条件状语从句主句

What will you go if you find someone in danger?

主句条件状语从句

如果你发现某人有危险，你会怎么做？

If 条件句有不同的类型，简述如下：

1. 用if条件句表达客观真理或普通现象

If条件句用于表达客观真理或普通现象时，主，从句时态均用一般现在时，如：Eg. If you freeze water, it turns into ice.

A fish dies if you take it out of water.

2. 用if 条件句表示将来可能发生的事情

在表示将来可能发生的事情的if条件句中，主句用一般将来时，而if从句用一般现在时表示将来的时间，即主将从现

Eg. If I like the house, I will buy it. 如果我喜欢这房子，我就会把它买下

I will tell her if I see her. 如果我见到她，我就会告诉她。

主句中的will也可以用情态动词can, may 或might等代替。如：

Eg. If they are friendly，I might invite them to the party. 如果他们很友善，我可能会请他们去参加聚会

If we hurry now, we can stop for coffee later. 如果我们现在抓紧时间，就可以稍后去喝咖

啡

注意：在条件句中，主句部分只能使用动词will的一般将来时，不能使用be going to的结构

二. Unless 的条件句

表示在特定条件下，才决定做或不做一件事，中文用的连接词一般是“除非”和“否则”。如：除非刮台风，否则演唱会将如期进行。在英语中，我们可以用unless表达这个意思，相当于if not。以这个句子为例：

The concert will be held as schedule unless there is a typhoon.

= the concert will be held as schedule if there is not a typhoon

She will keep on singing unless she is told to stop. 她会一直唱下去，除非有人叫她停止

= she will keep on singing if she is not told to stop

也可以用or(否则) 来做同义句转换

Unless you listen carefully, you won’t know the answer.

= if you don’t listen carefully, you won’t know the answer.

= you should listen carefully, or you won’t know the answer.

深圳中考题：

1. If I ________ his phone number, I will tell you.

A.find

B. found

C. will find

D. have found

2. We will go camping if it _______ tomorrow.

A.Won’t rain

B. didn’t rain

C. doesn’t rain

D. isn’t raining

3. I’m waiting for my friend. If he _______, I ______ swimming alone.

A.doesn’t come; will go

B. won’t come; will go

C.will come; won’t go

D. don’t come; will go

4. ______ you go to the supermarket at 7 p.m, you can buy a lot of cheap food.

A.If

B. Unless

C. Whether

D. When

5. I won’t get to the party on time ______ I catch the first train tomorrow morning.

A. If

B. Unless

C. Whether

D. When

6. ------Shall we go on a picnic this weekend?

------Good idea! Unless it _______.

A.rains

B. doesn’t rain

C. rain

D. won’t rain

7. -----Can I change the jacket for another one ______ it doesn’t fit me well?

----- Of course.

A.unless

B. if

C. that

D. though

8. Nobody can learn maths well he works hard on it.

A if

B unless

C thought

D however

9. If fish away from water, they die.

A are taking, won’t

B are taken, will

C are being taken, will

D take, won’t

10. Each student can ask teachers for help if he how to work out the problem.

A will know

B won’t know

C don’t know

D doesn’t know

练习:

A woman should never be seen eating or drinking, unless it be lobster salad and

Champagne, the only true feminine and becoming viands.

Lord Byron

I don't feel right unless I have a sport to play or at least a way to work up a sweat.

Hank Aaron

No great poetry, of whatever kind, is conceivable unless the subject has become integrated with the poet's mind and mood. Lascelles Abercrombie

I'm not going to just say nice things about everybody unless I mean it. F. Murray Abraham

Unless you're willing to have a go, fail miserably, and have another go, success won't happen. Phillip Adams

1. If I _____ you, I ____ very happy.

A. were, would be

B. am, shall be

C. were, shall be

D. am, would be

2. If he had not lost his money, he ____ the piano last week.

A. would buy

B. had bought

C. could have bought

D. bought

3. ____I known it, I should have told him.

A. Have

B. Had

C. Having

D. If

4. ____ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.

A. Were it not for

B. If it had not been for

C. If it were not

D. Had it not been for

5. If I had known that, I ___ so.

A. wouldn’t do

B. won’t do

C. didn’t do

D. wouldn’t have done

6. If it ___ so hard, we’d go to town.

A. isn’t raining

B. weren’t raining

C. doesn’t rain

D. isn’t going to rain

1.答案A 2答案C 3.答案B 4.答案A 5.答案D 6.答案B

7. He _____ you if you ____ to see him that afternoon.

A. might tell, were going

B. told, were going

C. might have told, had gone

D. should tell, went

8. If you had started sooner, you ____ there.

A. may have got

B. might have got

C. shall have got

D. must have got

9. If we were to be 2oo years old, we ____ everything.

A. will change

B. can change

C. could change

D. shall change

10. I don’t think that I shall fail, but if I ___ I would try again.

A. fail

B. would fail

C. should fail

D. had failed

11. If you ____ to see Mary, what would you tell her?

A. are

B. will be going

C. must

D. were

12. If the train leaves at half past ten, there ____ no time to lose.

A. would

B. is

C. will

D. has

7.答案C 8.答案B 9.答案C 10.答案C 11.答案D　12.答案B

unless…“除非，如果不……”(=if…not)

[例句] wI shall go tomorrow unless it rains. 如果不下雨，我明天去。

–Shall Tom go and play football?

–Not unless he has finished his homework. 除非他完成作业，否则不能出去。

I won’t go unless he comes to invite me himself.w除非他本人来邀请我，不然我是不会去的。

I won’t attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited). 除非被邀请，否则我不

去参加的生日晚会。

1. The men will have to wait all day ______ the doctor works faster.（2001北京春季）

A. if

B. unless

C. whether

D. that

2. You will succeed in the end _____ you give up halfway.（2001上海）

A. even if

B. as though

C. as long as

D. unless

3. ______ you call me to say you’re not coming. I’ll see you at the theater.（2004吉林）

A. Though

B. Whether

C. Until

D. Unless